{"italo-turkish-war":{"extract":"The Italo-Turkish War (Turkish: Trablusgarp Savaşı, \"Tripolitanian War\", Italian: Guerra di Libia, \"War of Libya\"), also known as the Turco-Italian War, was fought between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ottoman Empire from 29 September 1911 to 18 October 1912. As a result of this conflict, Italy captured coastal areas of the Ottoman Tripolitania Vilayet, of which the main sub-provinces were Fezzan (Turkish: Fizan), Cyrenaica (Turkish: Sirenayka), and Tripoli (Turkish: Trablusgarp) itself. These territories became the colonies of Italian Tripolitania and Cyrenaica, which would later merge into Italian Libya.\n\nDuring the conflict, Italian forces also occupied the Dodecanese islands in the Aegean Sea. In the 1912 Treaty of Ouchy, which ended the war and gave Italy the possession of Libya, the Italians agreed to return the Dodecanese to the Ottoman Empire. However, the vagueness of the text, combined with subsequent adverse events unfavourable to the Ottoman Empire (the outbreak of the Balkan Wars and World War I), allowed a provisional Italian administration of the islands, and Turkey eventually renounced all claims on these islands in Article 122 of the Treaty of Sèvres (1920), confirmed by Article 15 of the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne.\n\nThe war is considered a precursor of World War I. Members of the Balkan League, seeing how easily Italy defeated the Ottomans and motivated by incipient Balkan nationalism, attacked the Ottoman Empire in October 1912, starting the First Balkan War a few days before the end of the Italo-Turkish War.\n\nThe Italo-Turkish War saw some technological changes, most notably the use of airplanes in combat. On 23 October 1911, an Italian pilot, Capitano Carlo Piazza, flew over Turkish lines on the world's first aerial reconnaissance mission, and on 1 November, the first aerial bomb was dropped by Sottotenente Giulio Gavotti, on Turkish troops in Libya, from an early model of Etrich Taube aircraft. The Turks, using rifles, were the first to shoot down an airplane. Another use of new technology was a network of wireless telegraphy stations established soon after the initial landings. Guglielmo Marconi, the inventor of wireless telegraphy, came to Libya to conduct experiments with the Italian Corps of Engineers.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1379616684,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-11T00:27:39Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War","wikidata_qid":"Q203824","wikidata_classes":["war","armed conflict"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"country-fallback:Turkey","text_from_article":null,"hand_picked":true,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q179848","label":"Scramble for Africa"}],"includes":[{"id":"battle-of-kunfuda-bay","title":"Battle of Kunfuda Bay","date_start":"1912-01-07"},{"id":"battle-of-beirut-1912","title":"Battle of Beirut (1912)","date_start":"1912-02-24"}]},"adana-massacre":{"extract":"The Adana massacre (Armenian: Ադանայի կոտորած; Turkish: Adana Katliamı) occurred in the Adana vilayet of the Ottoman Empire in April 1909. Many Armenians were slain by Ottoman Muslims in the city of Adana as the Ottoman countercoup of 1909 triggered a series of pogroms throughout the province. Between 20,000 and 30,000 ethnic Armenians, 1,300 Assyrians and 1,250 Greeks were killed and tortured in Adana and the surrounding towns. Unlike the previous Hamidian massacres, the events were not officially organized by the central government, but culturally instigated via local officials, Islamic clerics, and supporters of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP).\n\nAfter revolutionary groups had secured the deposition of Sultan Abdul Hamid II and the restoration of the Second Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire) in 1908, a military revolt directed against the Committee of Union and Progress seized Constantinople. While the revolt lasted only ten days, it reignited anti-Armenian sentiment in the region and precipitated the mass destruction of Armenian businesses and farms, public hangings, sexual violence, and executions rooted in political, economic, and religious prejudice. These massacres continued for more than one month.\n\nIn July 1909, the Young Turk government announced the trials of various government and military officials, for being implicated in the massacres, but they did not convict the perpetrators, causing them to go unpunished and Turkish nationalism becoming stronger. The modern Turkish government and certain Turkish nationalists, deny the massacre happened.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-10","wikipedia_revid":1378300081,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-03T21:52:34Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adana_massacre","wikidata_qid":"Q2087792","wikidata_classes":["massacre"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"month","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false}},"battle-of-beersheba-1917":{"extract":"The Battle of Beersheba (Turkish: Birüssebi Muharebesi, German: Schlacht von Beerscheba) was fought on 31 October 1917, when the British Empire's Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) attacked and captured the Ottoman Empire's Yildirim Army Group garrison at Beersheba, beginning the Southern Palestine Offensive of the Sinai and Palestine campaign of World War I. On 31 October 1917, infantry from the 60th (London) and the 74th (Yeomanry) Divisions of the XX Corps from the southwest conducted limited attacks in the morning, then the Anzac Mounted Division (Desert Mounted Corps) launched a series of attacks against the strong defences, which dominated the eastern side of Beersheba, resulting in their capture during the late afternoon. Shortly afterwards, the Australian Mounted Division's 4th and 12th light horse regiments (4th Light Horse Brigade) conducted a mounted infantry charge with bayonets in their hands, their only weapon for mounted attack, as their rifles were slung across their backs. Part of the two regiments dismounted to attack entrenchments on Tel es Saba defending Beersheba. The remainder of the light horsemen continued their charge into the town, capturing the place and part of the garrison as it was withdrawing.\n\nGerman general Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein was commander of the three divisions of the Ottoman Fourth Army. He further strengthened his defensive line stretching from Gaza to Beersheba after the EEF defeats at the first and second battles of Gaza in March and April 1917, and received reinforcements of two divisions. Meanwhile, Lieutenant General Philip Chetwode, commanding the EEF's Eastern Force, began the stalemate in Southern Palestine, defending essentially the same entrenched lines held at the end of the second battle. He initiated regular mounted reconnaissance into the open eastern flank of the Gaza to Beersheba line towards Beersheba. The data provided by the Jewish Nili spy ring was particularly important for the conquest of Beersheba and Jerusalem. The information also contributed to the successful British offensive at Beersheba (October 1917), a key operation that opened the way to the eventual capture of Jerusalem. Detailed maps and reports of the Ottoman defensive positions enabled the British to carry out targeted attacks.\n\nIn June, the Ottoman Fourth Army was reorganised when the new Yildirim Army Group was established, commanded by German General Erich von Falkenhayn. About the same time, British General Edmund Allenby replaced General Archibald Murray as commander of the EEF. Allenby reorganised the EEF to give him direct command of three corps, in the process deactivating Chetwode's Eastern Force and placing him in command of one of the two infantry corps. Chauvel's Desert Column was renamed the Desert Mounted Corps. The stalemate continued through the summer in difficult conditions on the northern edge of the Negev Desert, while EEF reinforcements began to strengthen the divisions, which had suffered more than 10,000 casualties during the two battles for Gaza.\n\nThe primary functions of the EEF and the Ottoman Army during this time were to man the front lines and patrol the open eastern flank. Both sides conducted training of all units. The XXI Corps maintained the defences in the Gaza sector of the line by mid-October, while the battle of Passchendaele continued on the Western Front. Meanwhile, Allenby was preparing for the manoeuvre warfare attacks on the Ottoman defensive line, beginning with Beersheba, and for the subsequent advance to Jerusalem. He neared completion of this plan, with the arrival of the last reinforcements.\n\nBeersheba was defended by lines of trenches supported by isolated redoubts on earthworks and hills, which covered all approaches to the town. The Ottoman garrison was eventually encircled by the two infantry and two mounted divisions, as they and their supporting artillery launched their attacks. The 60th (London) Division's preliminary attack and capture of the redoubt on Hill 1070 led to the bombardment of the main Ottoman trench line. Then a joint attack by the 60th (London) and 74th (Yeomanry) divisions captured all their objectives. Meanwhile, the Anzac Mounted Division cut the road to the northeast of Beersheba, from Beersheba to Hebron and continuing to Jerusalem. Continuous fighting against the main redoubt and defences on Tel el Saba, which dominated the eastern approaches to the town, resulted in its capture in the afternoon.\n\nDuring this fighting, the 3rd Light Horse Brigade had been sent to reinforce the Anzac Mounted Division. The 5th Mounted Brigade remained in corps reserve, armed with swords. With all brigades of both mounted divisions already committed to the battle, the only brigade available was the 4th Light Horse Brigade, which was ordered to capture Beersheba. These swordless mounted infantrymen galloped over the plain, riding towards the town and a redoubt, supported by entrenchments on a mound at Tel es Saba, south-east of Beersheba. The 4th Light Horse Regiment on the right jumped trenches, before turning to make a dismounted attack on the Ottoman infantry in the trenches, gun pits, and redoubts. Most of the 12th Light Horse Regiment on the left rode on, across the face of the main redoubt to find a gap in the Ottoman defenses, crossing the railway line into Beersheba to complete the first step of an offensive. This culminated in the EEF's capture of Jerusalem six weeks later.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1380619161,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-16T21:48:16Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Beersheba_(1917)","wikidata_qid":"Q2665626","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":true,"note":"A heroic account of the Light Horse charge from the British Empire side, with a later-added claim about the Nili spy ring's importance.","highlights":["The data provided by the Jewish Nili spy ring was particularly important for the conquest of Beersheba and Jerusalem."]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[{"text":"The data provided by the Jewish Nili spy ring was particularly important for the conquest of Beersheba and Jerusalem.","kind":"fairness"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q727536","label":"Sinai and Palestine Campaign","id":"sinai-and-palestine-campaign"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"battle-of-megiddo-1918","title":"Battle of Megiddo (1918)","date_start":"1918-01-01"},{"id":"stalemate-in-southern-palestine","title":"Stalemate in Southern Palestine","date_start":"1917-04-01"},{"id":"capture-of-damascus-1918","title":"Capture of Damascus (1918)","date_start":"1918-09-26"}],"nearby":[{"id":"october-7-attacks","title":"October 7 attacks","date_start":"2023-10-07","km":30.1,"bearing":294},{"id":"1966-attack-on-samu","title":"1966 attack on Samu","date_start":"1966-11-13","km":30.4,"bearing":57},{"id":"al-dawayima-massacre","title":"Al-Dawayima massacre","date_start":"1948-10-29","km":33.4,"bearing":20},{"id":"be-eri-massacre","title":"Be'eri massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07","km":35.2,"bearing":303},{"id":"nova-music-festival-massacre","title":"Nova music festival massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07","km":35.2,"bearing":298}],"same_time":[{"id":"third-battle-of-gaza","title":"Third Battle of Gaza","date_start":"1917-11-01"},{"id":"balfour-declaration","title":"Balfour Declaration","date_start":"1917-11-02"},{"id":"battle-of-jerusalem-1917","title":"Battle of Jerusalem","date_start":"1917-11-17"},{"id":"armistice-of-erzincan","title":"Armistice of Erzincan","date_start":"1917-12-18"},{"id":"battle-of-imbros","title":"Battle of Imbros","date_start":"1918-01-20"}]}},"valley-of-tears":{"extract":"The Valley of Tears (Hebrew: עֵמֶק הַבָּכָא, Emek HaBakha) is the name given to an area in the Golan Heights after it became the site of a major battle in 1973 during the Yom Kippur War, known as the Valley (or Vale) of Tears Battle, which was fought from 6 October to 9 October. Although massively outnumbered, the Israeli forces managed to hold their positions and on the fourth day of the battle the Syrians withdrew, just as the Israeli defences were almost at the point of collapse.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1379647975,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-11T03:44:49Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley_of_Tears","wikidata_qid":"Q2907870","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":true,"note":"Told from the Israeli side (\"although massively outnumbered, the Israeli forces managed to hold\").","highlights":["Although massively outnumbered, the Israeli forces managed to hold their positions"]},"wording":{"found":true,"findings":[{"guideline":"EDITORIAL","guideline_name":"Editorializing","shortcut":"MOS:EDITORIAL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AManual_of_Style%2FWords_to_watch&oldid=1376702503#Editorializing","phrase":"Although massively outnumbered, the Israeli forces managed to hold their positions","note":"\"Although massively outnumbered ... managed to hold\" tells the battle from the Israeli side's vantage point in Wikipedia's own voice."}],"highlights":["Although massively outnumbered, the Israeli forces managed to hold their positions"]},"highlights":[{"text":"Although massively outnumbered, the Israeli forces managed to hold their positions","kind":"fairness"},{"text":"Although massively outnumbered, the Israeli forces managed to hold their positions","kind":"wording"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q49100","label":"Yom Kippur War","id":"yom-kippur-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"battle-of-baltim","title":"Battle of Baltim","date_start":"1973-10-09"},{"id":"battle-of-latakia","title":"Battle of Latakia","date_start":"1973-10-07"},{"id":"ofira-air-battle","title":"Ofira Air Battle","date_start":"1973-10-06"},{"id":"battle-of-the-chinese-farm","title":"Battle of the Chinese Farm","date_start":"1973-01-01"},{"id":"operation-badr-1973","title":"Operation Badr (1973)","date_start":"1973-01-01"}],"nearby":[{"id":"majdal-shams-attack","title":"Majdal Shams attack","date_start":"2024-07-27","km":10.4,"bearing":343},{"id":"kiryat-shmona-massacre","title":"Kiryat Shmona massacre","date_start":"1974-04-11","km":22.2,"bearing":281},{"id":"hula-massacre","title":"Hula massacre","date_start":"1948-11-01","km":26.9,"bearing":279},{"id":"avivim-school-bus-bombing","title":"Avivim school bus bombing","date_start":"1970-05-22","km":37.5,"bearing":250},{"id":"safsaf-massacre","title":"Safsaf massacre","date_start":"1948-10-29","km":37.9,"bearing":241}],"same_time":[{"id":"1973-israeli-legislative-election","title":"1973 Israeli legislative election","date_start":"1973-12-31"}]}},"battle-of-najaf-2003":{"extract":"The Battle of Najaf was a major battle in the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq. The first stage of the battle was fought when the U.S. 3rd Infantry Division fought to surround the town. The second stage was fought when soldiers from the U.S. 101st Airborne Division fought to clear and secure the city.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1370451167,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-21T04:44:22Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Najaf_(2003)","wikidata_qid":"Q2068122","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q107802","label":"2003 invasion of Iraq","id":"invasion-of-iraq"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"battle-of-karbala-2003","title":"Battle of Karbala (2003)","date_start":"2003-03-23"},{"id":"battle-of-nasiriyah","title":"Battle of Nasiriyah","date_start":"2003-03-23"},{"id":"battle-of-basra-2003","title":"Battle of Basra (2003)","date_start":"2003-03-21"},{"id":"battle-of-umm-qasr","title":"Battle of Umm Qasr","date_start":"2003-03-21"},{"id":"battle-of-al-faw-2003","title":"Battle of Al Faw (2003)","date_start":"2003-03-20"}],"nearby":[{"id":"battle-of-najaf-2004","title":"Battle of Najaf (2004)","date_start":"2004-01-01","km":1.8,"bearing":255}],"same_time":[{"id":"anbar-campaign-2003-2011","title":"Anbar campaign (2003–2011)","date_start":"2003-03-20"},{"id":"iraq-war","title":"Iraq War","date_start":"2003-03-20"},{"id":"iraqi-conflict","title":"Iraqi conflict","date_start":"2003-03-20"},{"id":"2003-israeli-legislative-election","title":"2003 Israeli legislative election","date_start":"2003-01-28"},{"id":"2002-turkish-general-election","title":"2002 Turkish general election","date_start":"2002-11-03"}]}},"2015-ankara-bombings":{"extract":"On 10 October 2015 at 10:04 local time (EEST) in Ankara, the capital city of Turkey, two bombs were detonated outside Ankara Central railway station. With a death toll of 109 civilians, the attack surpassed the 2013 Reyhanlı bombings as the deadliest terror attack in Turkish history. Another 500 people were injured. Censorship monitoring group Turkey Blocks identified nationwide slowing of social media services in the aftermath of the blasts, described by rights group Human Rights Watch as an \"extrajudicial\" measure to restrict independent media coverage of the incident.\n\nThe bombs appeared to target a \"Labour, Peace and Democracy\" rally organised by the Confederation of Progressive Trade Unions of Turkey (DİSK), the Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects (TMMOB), the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP), the Turkish Medical Association (TTB) and the Confederation of Public Workers' Unions (KESK). The peace march was held to protest against the growing conflict between the Turkish Armed Forces and the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). The incident occurred 21 days before the scheduled 1 November general election.\n\nThe governing Justice and Development Party (AK Party), the main opposition Republican People's Party (CHP) and the opposition Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) condemned the attack and called it an attempt to cause division within Turkey. CHP and MHP leaders heavily criticized the government for the security failure, whereas HDP directly blamed the AK Party government for the bombings. Various political parties ended up cancelling their election campaigns while three days of national mourning were declared by the Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu.\n\nNo organisation has ever claimed responsibility for the attack. The Ankara Attorney General stated that they were investigating the possibility of two cases of suicide bombings. On 19 October, one of the two suicide bombers was officially identified as the younger brother of the perpetrator of the Suruç bombing; both brothers had suspected links to Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and the ISIL affiliated Dokumacılar group.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1372458020,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-31T20:58:32Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Ankara_bombings","wikidata_qid":"Q21083277","wikidata_classes":["mass murder","suicide attack","bomb attack","terrorist attack"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":true,"findings":[{"guideline":"LABEL","guideline_name":"Contentious labels","shortcut":"MOS:LABEL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AManual_of_Style%2FWords_to_watch&oldid=1376702503#Contentious_labels","phrase":"the deadliest terror attack in Turkish history","note":"Uses \"terror\" for the bombing in Wikipedia's own voice, without saying who uses the label."}],"highlights":["the deadliest terror attack in Turkish history"]},"highlights":[{"text":"the deadliest terror attack in Turkish history","kind":"wording"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"nearby":[{"id":"march-2016-ankara-bombing","title":"March 2016 Ankara bombing","date_start":"2016-03-13","km":2,"bearing":155},{"id":"february-2016-ankara-bombing","title":"February 2016 Ankara bombing","date_start":"2016-02-17","km":2.4,"bearing":187},{"id":"assassination-of-andrei-karlov","title":"Assassination of Andrei Karlov","date_start":"2016-12-19","km":3.3,"bearing":159},{"id":"ankara-esenboga-airport-attack","title":"Ankara Esenboğa Airport attack","date_start":"1982-08-07","km":24.9,"bearing":31},{"id":"turkish-aerospace-industries-headquarters-attack","title":"Turkish Aerospace Industries headquarters attack","date_start":"2024-10-23","km":27.4,"bearing":306}],"same_time":[{"id":"russian-intervention-in-the-syrian-civil-war","title":"Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war","date_start":"2015-09-30"},{"id":"metrojet-flight-9268","title":"Metrojet Flight 9268","date_start":"2015-10-31"},{"id":"november-2015-turkish-general-election","title":"November 2015 Turkish general election","date_start":"2015-11-01"},{"id":"2015-beirut-bombings","title":"2015 Beirut bombings","date_start":"2015-11-12"},{"id":"2015-russian-sukhoi-su-24-shootdown","title":"2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown","date_start":"2015-11-24"}]}},"nahal-oz-attack":{"extract":"The kibbutz of Nahal Oz and the adjacent military base near the northern Gaza Strip were attacked in 2023 as part of the October 7 attacks. In the attack, more than 60 Israeli soldiers and 15 civilians were killed. Some soldiers and eight civilians were kidnapped and taken to the Gaza Strip. According to the IDF, several bodies were also taken to the Gaza Strip after being killed.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1378908608,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-06T21:29:30Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahal_Oz_attack","wikidata_qid":"Q123059058","wikidata_classes":["massacre","terrorist attack","hate crime","battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q122976243","label":"October 7 attacks","id":"october-7-attacks"},{"qid":"Q122962941","label":"Gaza War","id":"2023-israel-hamas-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"alumim-massacre","title":"Alumim massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"battle-of-re-im","title":"Battle of Re'im","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"battle-of-sderot","title":"Battle of Sderot","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"be-eri-massacre","title":"Be'eri massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"ein-hashlosha-massacre","title":"Ein HaShlosha massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07"}],"nearby":[{"id":"first-battle-of-gaza","title":"First Battle of Gaza","date_start":"1917-03-26","km":2.9,"bearing":310},{"id":"second-battle-of-gaza","title":"Second Battle of Gaza","date_start":"1917-04-17","km":2.9,"bearing":310},{"id":"third-battle-of-gaza","title":"Third Battle of Gaza","date_start":"1917-11-01","km":2.9,"bearing":310},{"id":"kfar-aza-massacre","title":"Kfar Aza massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07","km":3.7,"bearing":70},{"id":"killing-of-alon-shamriz-yotam-haim-and-samer-talalka","title":"Killing of Alon Shamriz, Yotam Haim, and Samer Talalka","date_start":"2023-12-15","km":4,"bearing":320}],"same_time":[{"id":"gaza-genocide","title":"Gaza genocide","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"holit-attack","title":"Holit attack","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"kidnapping-and-killing-of-the-bibas-family","title":"Kidnapping and murder of the Bibas family","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"kissufim-massacre","title":"Kissufim massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"middle-eastern-crisis-2023-present","title":"Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)","date_start":"2023-10-07"}]}},"menemen-massacre":{"extract":"The Menemen massacre was a massacre of Turkish civilians by the Greek Army on 16–17 June 1919 in the town of Menemen, shortly after the Greek forces landed in nearby Smyrna, as part of the post World War I Greek occupation of Turkey.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-10","wikipedia_revid":1380096939,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-13T19:35:19Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menemen_massacre","wikidata_qid":"Q4809060","wikidata_classes":["massacre"],"date_flags":["date_start_year_not_in_lead: start year 1916 (1916-06-16) is not within 1 year of any year in the Wikipedia lead [1919]"],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":"The start date (1916) comes from Wikidata; the summary dates the massacre to June 1919.","disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false}},"battle-of-the-sakarya":{"extract":"The Battle of the Sakarya (Turkish: Sakarya Meydan Muharebesi, lit. 'Sakarya Field Battle'), also known as the Battle of the Sangarios (Greek: Μάχη του Σαγγαρίου, romanized: Máchi tou Sangaríou), was the decisive engagement in the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922), halting Greek advance towards Ankara and creating the circumstances for an upcoming Turkish counter offensive.\n\nThe battle went on for 21 days from August 23 to September 13, 1921, close to the banks of the Sakarya River in the immediate vicinity of Polatlı, which is today a district of the Ankara Province. The battle line stretched over 62 miles (100 km).\n\nIt is also known as the Officers' Battle (Turkish: Subaylar Savaşı) in Turkey because of the unusually high casualty rate (70–80%) among the officers. Later, it was also called Melhâme-i Kübrâ (Islamic equivalent to Armageddon) by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.\n\nThe Battle of the Sakarya is considered to be the turning point of the Turkish War of Independence. The Turkish observer, writer, and literary critic İsmail Habip Sevük later described the importance of the battle with these words:\n\nThe retreat that started in Vienna on 13 September 1683 stopped 238 years later.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1370602081,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-22T01:56:58Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sakarya","wikidata_qid":"Q594015","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":true,"note":"Closes on a Turkish nationalist quotation with no counterpart view.","highlights":["The retreat that started in Vienna on 13 September 1683 stopped 238 years later."]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[{"text":"The retreat that started in Vienna on 13 September 1683 stopped 238 years later.","kind":"fairness"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q87138","label":"Greco-Turkish War","id":"greco-turkish-war-1919-1922"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"second-battle-of-inonu","title":"Second Battle of İnönü","date_start":"1921-04-01"},{"id":"turkish-capture-of-smyrna","title":"Turkish capture of Smyrna","date_start":"1922-09-09"},{"id":"yalova-peninsula-massacres","title":"Yalova Peninsula massacres","date_start":"1920-01-01"},{"id":"greek-landing-at-smyrna","title":"Greek landing at Smyrna","date_start":"1919-05-15"}],"same_time":[{"id":"treaty-of-ankara-1921","title":"Treaty of Ankara (1921)","date_start":"1921-10-20"},{"id":"jaffa-riots-may-1921","title":"Jaffa riots (May 1921)","date_start":"1921-05-01"},{"id":"emirate-of-transjordan","title":"Emirate of Transjordan","date_start":"1921-04-11"},{"id":"kurdish-turkish-conflict","title":"Kurdish–Turkish conflict","date_start":"1921-03-06"},{"id":"1921-persian-coup-d-etat","title":"1921 Persian coup d'état","date_start":"1921-02-21"}]}},"operation-fath-ol-mobin":{"extract":"Operation Fath-ol-Mobin (Persian: عملیات فتح‌المبین, a Quranic phrase meaning \"Undeniable Victory\" or \"Manifest Victory\") was a major Iranian military operation conducted during the Iran–Iraq War, in March 1982 and resulted to the Battle of Shush. The operation was led by Lt. General Ali Sayad Shirazi and was conducted in four phases.\n\nSome believe that this operation was the turning point in the war and that it led to the eviction of Iraqi troops from Khuzestan. Others (including Efraim Karsh) believe it was actually the operation working in tandem with others which led to the expulsion of Iraqi troops from southern Iran. He believes that in fact, Operation Beit ol-Moqaddas, which lasted from April to May 1982, had the greatest effect, because the Iranians were able to liberate the strategically important city of Khorramshahr.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1370632416,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-22T05:13:00Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Fath_ol-Mobin","wikidata_qid":"Q3267722","wikidata_classes":["military operation"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q82664","label":"Iran–Iraq War","id":"iran-iraq-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"battle-of-khorramshahr-1982","title":"Battle of Khorramshahr (1982)","date_start":"1982-04-24"},{"id":"operation-beit-ol-moqaddas","title":"Operation Beit ol-Moqaddas","date_start":"1982-05-24"},{"id":"operation-tariq-al-quds","title":"Operation Tariq al-Quds","date_start":"1981-12-07"},{"id":"h-3-airstrike","title":"H-3 airstrike","date_start":"1981-04-04"},{"id":"operation-nasr","title":"Operation Nasr","date_start":"1981-01-01"}],"same_time":[{"id":"1982-lebanon-war","title":"1982 Lebanon War","date_start":"1982-06-06"},{"id":"operation-mole-cricket-19","title":"Operation Mole Cricket 19","date_start":"1982-06-09"},{"id":"siege-of-beirut","title":"Siege of Beirut","date_start":"1982-06-14"},{"id":"dujail-massacre","title":"Dujail massacre","date_start":"1982-07-08"},{"id":"ankara-esenboga-airport-attack","title":"Ankara Esenboğa Airport attack","date_start":"1982-08-07"}]}},"iran-china-25-year-cooperation-program":{"extract":"The Iran–China 25-year Cooperation Program or Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between I.R. Iran, P.R. China is a 25-year cooperation agreement on the further development of Iran–China relations signed in Tehran by the Chinese and Iranian foreign ministers on 27 March 2021; the final details of the agreement have yet to be officially announced. Under a draft of the 25-year agreement (signed on 24 June 2020 in Beijing) previously obtained by The New York Times, China is to invest US$400 billion in Iran's economy over that time period in exchange for a steady and heavily discounted supply of oil from Iran. The key details of the deal were originally reported by British journalist and author, Simon Watkins, in an article published on 3 September 2019 in Petroleum Economist stating that the agreement includes up to $280 billion towards developing Iran's oil, gas and petrochemicals sectors and another investment of $120 billion towards upgrading Iran's transportation and manufacturing infrastructure. According to Iranian authorities, reviving the Chinese One Belt One Road Initiative is also part of the agreement.\n\nThe report by Petroleum Economist stated that, according to the agreement, \"China will be able to buy any and all Iranian oil, gas and petrochemical products at a minimum guaranteed discount of 12pc to the six-month rolling mean price of comparable benchmark products, plus another 6pc to 8pc of that metric for risk-adjusted compensation.\" The same report added that the agreement would allow China to deploy security personnel on the ground in Iran to protect Chinese projects, and that there would be additional personnel and materiel available to protect the eventual transit of oil, gas, and petrochemicals supplies from Iran to China, where necessary, including through the Persian Gulf.\n\nLater reports in other publications added that the deal included the leasing of Iranian islands to China were categorically denied by Iranian authorities, including by the Iranian foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zarif, who stated \"such a deal doesn't even exist, let alone have articles\", and that \"we have not handed over a [single square] meter of [our] land to China or any other country, nor granted any foreign country the exclusive right to take advantage of a handspan of Iran’s soil, and will not do this [in the future]”. Later on, the spokesman for the Iranian foreign ministry confirmed to reporters that \"there is no handing over of the Iranian islands, no presence of military forces and no other illusions\". Reports regarding heavily discounted Iranian oil and petrochemical sales were also denied.\n\nBased on the agreement, China has agreed to inject $300-$400 billion by foreign direct investment into the Iranian oil, gas and petrochemical industries.\n\nThe original plan for cooperation had been proposed by General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Xi Jinping during a 2016 visit to Iran. Iranian president Hassan Rouhani signed the final draft of the program on June 23 in a cabinet meeting and ordered the Iranian foreign ministry to finalize the negotiations. As of July 2020, Iran's parliament has yet to pass the deal but will likely follow suit. On 1 October 2020 President Rouhani sent a message to Xi Jinping about signing off on the program.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1360692823,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-06-23T01:11:43Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93China_25-year_Cooperation_Program","wikidata_qid":"Q96743196","wikidata_classes":["treaty"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"2021-israeli-legislative-election","title":"2021 Israeli legislative election","date_start":"2021-03-23"},{"id":"sofagate","title":"Sofagate","date_start":"2021-04-06"},{"id":"2021-israel-palestine-crisis","title":"2021 Israel–Palestine crisis","date_start":"2021-05-06"},{"id":"operation-claw-eagle-2","title":"Operation Claw-Eagle 2","date_start":"2021-02-10"},{"id":"2021-syrian-presidential-election","title":"2021 Syrian presidential election","date_start":"2021-05-26"}]}},"war-crimes-in-the-gaza-war":{"extract":"Since the start of the Gaza war on 7 October 2023, the UN Human Rights Council has identified \"clear evidence\" of war crimes by both Hamas and the Israel Defense Forces. A UN Commission to the Israel–Palestine conflict stated that there is \"clear evidence that war crimes may have been committed in the latest explosion of violence in Israel and Gaza, and all those who have violated international law and targeted civilians must be held accountable\". On 27 October, a spokesperson for the OHCHR called for an independent court to review potential war crimes committed by both sides. On 29 December, South Africa filed a case against Israel at the International Court of Justice, alleging that Israel's conduct amounted to genocide.\n\nThe International Criminal Court confirmed that its mandate to investigate alleged war crimes committed since June 2014 in the State of Palestine extends to the current conflict. On 20 May 2024, the Chief Prosecutor Karim Ahmad Khan announced his intention to seek arrest warrants against leaders of both sides of the conflict, including Hamas leaders Yahya Sinwar, Mohammed Deif and Ismail Haniyeh, and Israeli leaders Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Minister of Defense Yoav Gallant. In November, the ICC issued arrest warrants for Benjamin Netanyahu, Yoav Gallant and Mohammed Deif, alleging \"criminal responsibility\" for war crimes and crimes against humanity.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1381557096,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-23T08:53:06Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Gaza_war","wikidata_qid":"Q123033523","wikidata_classes":["war crime"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"year","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false}},"tehran-conference":{"extract":"The Tehran Conference (codenamed Eureka) was a strategy meeting of the Allies of World War II, held between Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill from 28 November to 1 December 1943. It was the first of the Allied World War II conferences involving the \"Big Three\" (the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom) and took place at the Soviet embassy in Tehran more than two years after the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran. The meeting occurred shortly after the Cairo Conference was held in Egypt for a discussion between the United States, the United Kingdom, and China from 22 to 26 November 1943. The Big Three would not meet again until 1945, when the Yalta Conference was held in Crimea from 4 to 11 February and the Potsdam Conference was held in Allied-occupied Germany from 17 July to August 2. Notably, President Franklin D. Roosevelt arrived on the USS Iowa.\n\nAlthough the three leaders arrived in Tehran with differing objectives, the main outcome of the meeting was a British and American commitment to opening a second front against Nazi Germany, thereby forcing it to pull military assets away from the Eastern Front with the Soviets. In addition to this decision, the Tehran Conference also addressed: the Big Three's relations with Turkey and Iran, as the former was being pressed to enter the conflict and the latter was under Allied occupation; operations in Yugoslavia and against Japan; and the envisaged settlement following the expected defeat of the Axis powers. A separate contract also saw the Big Three pledge to recognize Iranian independence.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1381228797,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-20T20:55:11Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran_Conference","wikidata_qid":"Q150974","wikidata_classes":["convention","summit"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"nearby":[{"id":"2011-british-embassy-in-iran-attack","title":"2011 British Embassy in Iran attack","date_start":"2011-11-29","km":0.5,"bearing":123},{"id":"2017-tehran-attacks","title":"2017 Tehran attacks","date_start":"2017-06-07","km":0.8,"bearing":109},{"id":"iran-hostage-crisis","title":"Iran hostage crisis","date_start":"1979-11-04","km":1.4,"bearing":40},{"id":"assassination-of-ali-khamenei","title":"Assassination of Ali Khamenei","date_start":"2026-02-28","km":1.6,"bearing":242},{"id":"assassination-of-ali-larijani","title":"Assassination of Ali Larijani","date_start":"2026-03-17","km":1.6,"bearing":242}]}},"1965-israeli-legislative-election":{"extract":"Elections for the sixth Knesset were held in Israel on 2 November 1965. Voter turnout was 85.9%.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1375053652,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-15T15:44:54Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965_Israeli_legislative_election","wikidata_qid":"Q2917013","wikidata_classes":["Israeli legislative election","public election"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"1966-syrian-coup-d-tat","title":"1966 Syrian coup d'état","date_start":"1966-02-23"}]}},"2007-syrian-presidential-election":{"extract":"A referendum to confirm the presidential candidate Bashar al-Assad was held in Syria on 27 May 2007, after the People's Assembly unanimously voted to propose the incumbent for a second term on 10 May 2007.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1375209622,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-16T13:11:01Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Syrian_presidential_election","wikidata_qid":"Q1369417","wikidata_classes":["presidential election","public election"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"battle-of-gaza-2007","title":"Battle of Gaza (2007)","date_start":"2007-06-10"},{"id":"july-12-2007-baghdad-airstrike","title":"July 12, 2007, Baghdad airstrike","date_start":"2007-07-12"},{"id":"2007-turkish-general-election","title":"2007 Turkish general election","date_start":"2007-07-22"},{"id":"qahtaniyah-bombings","title":"Qahtaniyah bombings","date_start":"2007-08-14"},{"id":"2007-turkish-presidential-election","title":"2007 Turkish presidential election","date_start":"2007-08-28"}]}},"april-2019-israeli-legislative-election":{"extract":"Early legislative elections were held in Israel on 9 April 2019 to elect the 120 members of the 21st Knesset. Elections had been due in November 2019, but were brought forward following a dispute between members of the current government over a bill on Haredi conscription, as well as impending corruption charges against incumbent prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu.\n\nNetanyahu's Likud tied with Blue and White alliance of Benny Gantz, both winning 35 seats. The balance of power was held by smaller parties, with a majority being right-wing and religious parties that had previously sat in coalition with Likud, which would have allowed Netanyahu to form the next government.\n\nDue to fractures over Haredi conscription within the Netanyahu coalition, efforts at government formation ultimately failed, leading to a snap election in September five months later.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1379920601,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-12T17:58:55Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2019_Israeli_legislative_election","wikidata_qid":"Q24909108","wikidata_classes":["Israeli legislative election","public election"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"2019-turkish-local-elections","title":"2019 Turkish local elections","date_start":"2019-03-31"},{"id":"battle-of-baghuz-fawqani","title":"Battle of Baghuz Fawqani","date_start":"2019-02-09"},{"id":"june-2019-istanbul-mayoral-election","title":"June 2019 Istanbul mayoral election","date_start":"2019-06-23"},{"id":"abqaiq-khurais-attack","title":"Abqaiq–Khurais attack","date_start":"2019-09-14"},{"id":"september-2019-israeli-legislative-election","title":"September 2019 Israeli legislative election","date_start":"2019-09-17"}]}},"2026-lebanon-war":{"extract":"Since 2 March 2026, there has been an ongoing war in Lebanon between Israel and the militant group Hezbollah, with Israel invading parts of Lebanon. It is a resumption of major fighting in the Hezbollah–Israel conflict, and part of the wider conflict in the Middle East. The war has precipitated a humanitarian crisis, resulted in the deaths of more than 4,000 people from Israeli strikes in Lebanon, and seen the forced displacement of over 1 million.\n\nHezbollah attacked Israel on October 8, 2023, one day after Hamas' October 7 attacks at the start of the Gaza war, which led to the 2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon. After an Israel-Lebanon ceasefire agreement in November 2024, Israel still conducted airstrikes, saying that Hezbollah breached ceasefire conditions. Hezbollah launched strikes on Israel on 2 March 2026, in response to Israel and the United States launching a war against Iran, Hezbollah's main backer, and assassinating its supreme leader. Israel resumed airstrikes across Lebanon on a larger scale and, on March 16, began ground operations in southern Lebanon. The main bridges on the Litani River were blown up by Israel to cut off the south from the rest of Lebanon; Bint Jbeil became a site of intense ground combat. Israel announced it would demolish Lebanese border villages and occupy Lebanon up to the Litani. Lebanon moved to ban Hezbollah's military activities; it also condemned Israeli attacks on Lebanese civilians. Iran called for an end to Israeli attacks in Lebanon as a condition for a ceasefire in the wider war.\n\nAfter a ceasefire halted the Iran war, Hezbollah halted its attacks. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said the ceasefire did not apply to Lebanon, contradicting Iran and the Pakistani mediator, and launched the largest airstrikes of the war. On 16 April, Israel and Lebanon agreed to a 10-day ceasefire, later extended more than once. On 3 June, Israel and Lebanon reached an agreement, facilitated by the US. On 4 June, Hezbollah rejected the Lebanon-Israel deal and demanded a full ceasefire and a full Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon. Speaker of Lebanese Parliament Nabih Berri suggested that Hezbollah and Israel both withdraw from south of the Litani.\n\nOn 15 June, the Islamabad Memorandum was agreed between the US and Iran, including a ceasefire in Lebanon. Israeli forces remained in occupied areas of Lebanon. On 19 June, U.S. President Donald Trump announced an Israel-Hezbollah truce entering into force at 4 p.m. local time. On 26 June, US secretary of state Marco Rubio announced a framework deal between Israel and Lebanon for \"lasting peace and security\". The agreement includes full disarmament of Hezbollah; it was rejected by Hezbollah. On 30 June, Iran announced that it, along with the US and Lebanon, has reached an agreement to establish a committee to oversee the conclusion of the war. On 15 July, the US State Department reported that Israel has agreed to withdraw from pilot zones in southern Lebanon. On 20 July, the US announced that Israel handed over sections of the buffer zone occupied by it in southern Lebanon to the Lebanese government as per its U.S.-mediated deal with Beirut. Lebanon's army began deploying in Zawtar al-Gharbiyeh on July 21, after an Israeli withdrawal in line with the agreement.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-10","wikipedia_revid":1379493021,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-10T09:01:59Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Lebanon_war","wikidata_qid":"Q138521081","wikidata_classes":["missile strike","drone warfare","armed conflict","airstrike","bombardment"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q122974556","label":"Hezbollah–Israel conflict (2023–present)","id":"2024-israel-hezbollah-conflict"},{"qid":"Q138503695","label":"2026 Iran War","id":"2026-iran-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"2026-minab-school-attack","title":"2026 Minab school attack","date_start":"2026-02-28"},{"id":"assassination-of-ali-khamenei","title":"Assassination of Ali Khamenei","date_start":"2026-02-28"},{"id":"sinking-of-iris-dena","title":"Sinking of IRIS Dena","date_start":"2026-03-04"},{"id":"united-arab-emirates-in-the-2026-iran-war","title":"United Arab Emirates in the 2026 Iran war","date_start":"2026-02-28"},{"id":"2024-israel-lebanon-ceasefire-agreement","title":"2024 Israel–Lebanon ceasefire agreement","date_start":"2024-11-27"}],"same_time":[{"id":"2026-iranian-supreme-leader-election","title":"2026 Iranian supreme leader election","date_start":"2026-03-08"},{"id":"assassination-of-ali-larijani","title":"Assassination of Ali Larijani","date_start":"2026-03-17"},{"id":"2026-onikisubat-school-shooting","title":"2026 Onikişubat school shooting","date_start":"2026-04-15"},{"id":"2026-northeastern-syria-offensive","title":"2026 northeastern Syria offensive","date_start":"2026-01-13"},{"id":"prelude-to-the-2026-iran-war","title":"Prelude to the 2026 Iran war","date_start":"2026-01-13"}]}}}