{"battle-of-ardahan":{"extract":"The Battle of Ardahan (Turkish: Ardahan Harekâtı; Russian: Битва при Ардагане, Armenian: Արդահանի ճակատամարտ) was fought between 25 December 1914 and 18 January 1915 and was an Ottoman military operation commanded by German Lt. Col. Stange to capture the city of Ardahan and cut the Russian link to Sarikamish–Kars line, supporting the Battle of Sarikamish. By 3 January 1915, Vorontsov-Dashkov achieved a decisive victory over the Ottoman forces at Ardahan.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1370432372,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-21T02:47:30Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ardahan","wikidata_qid":"Q1634857","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q523154","label":"Caucasus campaign","id":"caucasus-campaign"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"battle-of-kara-killisse-1915","title":"Battle of Kara Killisse (1915)","date_start":"1915-01-01"},{"id":"battle-of-manzikert-1915","title":"Battle of Manzikert (1915)","date_start":"1915-01-01"},{"id":"defense-of-van-1915","title":"Defense of Van (1915)","date_start":"1915-04-19"}],"same_time":[{"id":"battle-of-sarikamish","title":"Battle of Sarikamish","date_start":"1914-12-22"},{"id":"battle-of-qurna","title":"Battle of Qurna","date_start":"1914-12-03"},{"id":"sinai-and-palestine-campaign","title":"Sinai and Palestine campaign","date_start":"1915-01-28"},{"id":"battle-of-basra-1914","title":"Battle of Basra (1914)","date_start":"1914-11-11"},{"id":"fao-landing","title":"Fao Landing","date_start":"1914-11-06"}]}},"ramsar-convention":{"extract":"The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of Ramsar sites (wetlands). It is also known as the Convention on Wetlands. It is named after the city of Ramsar in Iran, where the convention was signed in 1971.\n\nEvery three years, representatives of the contracting parties meet as the Conference of the Contracting Parties (COP), the policy-making organ of the convention which adopts decisions (site designations, resolutions and recommendations) to administer the work of the convention and improve the way in which the parties are able to implement its objectives. In 2022, COP15 was held in Montreal, Canada.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1376161378,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-22T12:51:47Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention","wikidata_qid":"Q170170","wikidata_classes":["international environmental agreement","treaty"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"1971-turkish-military-memorandum","title":"1971 Turkish military memorandum","date_start":"1971-03-12"},{"id":"1970-syrian-coup-d-etat","title":"1970 Syrian coup d'etat","date_start":"1970-11-13"},{"id":"aeroflot-flight-244","title":"Aeroflot Flight 244","date_start":"1970-10-15"},{"id":"black-september-in-jordan","title":"Black September","date_start":"1970-09-06"},{"id":"dawson-s-field-hijackings","title":"Dawson's Field hijackings","date_start":"1970-09-06"}]}},"february-2016-ankara-bombing":{"extract":"The February 2016 Ankara bombing killed at least 30 people and injured 60 in the capital of Turkey. According to Turkish authorities, the attack targeted a convoy of vehicles carrying both civilian and military personnel working at the military headquarters during the evening rush hour as the vehicles were stopped at traffic lights at an intersection with İsmet İnönü Boulevard close to Kızılay neighborhood. Several ministries, the headquarters of the army and the Turkish Parliament are located in the neighbourhood where the attack occurred. The Kurdistan Freedom Hawks (TAK) took responsibility for the attack and said they targeted security forces. Censorship monitoring organization Turkey Blocks reported nationwide internet restrictions beginning approximately one hour after the blast pursuant to an administrative order. The attack killed 14 military personnel, 14 civilian employees of the military, and a civilian (as well as the perpetrator).","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1357113789,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-05-31T20:48:35Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_2016_Ankara_bombing","wikidata_qid":"Q22812485","wikidata_classes":["suicide bombing","truck bombing","terrorist attack"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q21070576","label":"timeline of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"march-2016-ankara-bombing","title":"March 2016 Ankara bombing","date_start":"2016-03-13"},{"id":"2016-besiktas-bombings","title":"2016 Beşiktaş bombings","date_start":"2016-12-10"},{"id":"2019-turkish-offensive-into-northeastern-syria","title":"2019 Turkish offensive into northeastern Syria","date_start":"2019-01-01"}],"nearby":[{"id":"assassination-of-andrei-karlov","title":"Assassination of Andrei Karlov","date_start":"2016-12-19","km":1.6,"bearing":118},{"id":"2015-ankara-bombings","title":"2015 Ankara bombings","date_start":"2015-10-10","km":2.4,"bearing":7},{"id":"ankara-esenboga-airport-attack","title":"Ankara Esenboğa Airport attack","date_start":"1982-08-07","km":27.1,"bearing":29},{"id":"turkish-aerospace-industries-headquarters-attack","title":"Turkish Aerospace Industries headquarters attack","date_start":"2024-10-23","km":28.7,"bearing":310}],"same_time":[{"id":"2016-iranian-legislative-election","title":"2016 Iranian legislative election","date_start":"2016-02-25"},{"id":"palmyra-offensive-march-2016","title":"Palmyra offensive (March 2016)","date_start":"2016-03-09"},{"id":"march-2016-istanbul-bombing","title":"March 2016 Istanbul bombing","date_start":"2016-03-19"},{"id":"january-2016-istanbul-bombing","title":"January 2016 Istanbul bombing","date_start":"2016-01-12"},{"id":"iskandariya-suicide-bombing","title":"Iskandariya suicide bombing","date_start":"2016-03-25"}]}},"syrian-revolution":{"extract":"The Syrian revolution was a series of mass protests and civilian uprisings throughout Syria – with a subsequent violent reaction by the Ba'athist regime – lasting from 2011 to 2024 as part of the greater Arab Spring in the Arab world. The revolution, which demanded the end of the decades-long Assad family rule, began as minor demonstrations during January 2011 and transformed into large nationwide protests in March. The uprising was marked by mass protests against the Ba'athist dictatorship of president Bashar al-Assad meeting police and military violence, massive arrests and a brutal crackdown, resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths and tens of thousands wounded. 13 years after the start of the revolution, the Assad regime fell in 2024 after a series of rebel offensives.\n\nThe phase of civil uprising created a platform for the emergence of armed opposition movements and massive defections from the Syrian army, which gradually transformed the conflict from a popular uprising/revolution into an armed insurgency, and subsequently a civil war. On 29 July 2011, the Free Syrian Army was formed, marking the beginning of armed operations against the Assad government. Since then, the conflict has taken the form of an armed rebellion, with the civil movement largely ceasing and members of the opposition resorting to armed struggle.\n\nDespite Assad's attempts to crush the protests with crackdowns, censorship and concessions, the mass protests had become a full-blown revolution by the end of April. The Ba'athist government deployed its ground troops and airforce, ordering them to fight the rebels. The regime's deployment of large-scale violence against protestors and civilians led to international condemnation of the Assad government and support for the protestors. Discontent among soldiers led to massive defections from the Syrian Arab Army, while people began to form opposition militias across the country, gradually transforming the revolution from a civil uprising to an armed rebellion, and later a full-scale civil war. The Free Syrian Army was formed on 29 July 2011, marking the beginning of an armed insurgency.\n\nAs the Syrian insurgency progressed in October–December 2011, protests against the government simultaneously strengthened across northern, southern and western Syria. The uprisings were crushed by massive crackdowns, resulting in tens of thousands of deaths and hundreds of thousands of casualties, which angered many across the country. The regime also deployed sectarian Shabiha death squads to attack the protestors. Protests and revolutionary activities by students and the youth continued despite aggressive suppression. As opposition militias began capturing vast swathes of territory throughout 2012, the United Nations officially declared the clashes in Syria as a civil war in June 2012.\n\nOn 9 May 2011, the Syrian army entered a new phase, marked by the siege and invasion of Homs, the third largest city in Syria, which had witnessed demonstrations estimated to be attended by hundreds of thousands of people. Simultaneously, areas in the Homs countryside were subjected to military operations, leading to the siege of Talkalakh, followed by the sieges of Rastan and Talbiseh.\n\nThe unprecedented violence led to global backlash, with the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) convening an emergency session on 29 April 2011, and tasking a fact-finding mission to investigate the scale of atrocities in Syria. The investigation by the commission concluded that the Syrian Arab Army, secret police and Ba'athist paramilitaries engaged in massacres, forced disappearances, summary executions, show-trials, torture, assassinations, and persecution and abductions of suspects from hospitals, amongst others, with an official \"shoot-to-kill\" policy from the government. The UNHRC report published on 18 August stated that the atrocities amounted to crimes against humanity, with High Commissioner Navi Pillai urging Security Council members to prosecute al-Assad in the International Criminal Court. A second emergency session convened by the UNHRC on 22 August 2011 condemned the Assad government's atrocities and called for an immediate cessation of all military operations and engagement in Syrian-led political process, with numerous countries demanding Assad's resignation.\n\nFinally in December 2024, the Syrian revolution achieved its main goal of achieving the fall of the Assad regime after Assad fled to Moscow. The fall of Damascus ended the Assad regime as the Syrian prime minister Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali handed over power to the revolutionaries and they formed the Syrian transitional government.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1381559346,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-23T09:23:36Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_revolution","wikidata_qid":"Q14746872","wikidata_classes":["revolution","war phase","war"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":true,"note":"Written as a victory story from the opposition's side (\"the Ba'athist dictatorship\", \"sectarian Shabiha death squads\", \"the Syrian revolution achieved its main goal\"); the government side appears only through its violence, and the jihadist groups that led the 2024 offensive are not identified.","highlights":["the Syrian revolution achieved its main goal"]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[{"text":"the Syrian revolution achieved its main goal","kind":"fairness"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q178810","label":"Syrian Civil War","id":"syrian-civil-war"},{"qid":"Q33761","label":"Arab Spring","id":"arab-spring"}],"includes":[{"id":"siege-of-daraa","title":"Siege of Daraa","date_start":"2011-04-25"},{"id":"june-2011-jisr-ash-shughur-clashes","title":"June 2011 Jisr ash-Shughur clashes","date_start":"2011-06-04"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"2011-2012-iranian-protests","title":"2011–2012 Iranian protests","date_start":"2011-02-14"},{"id":"2011-bahraini-uprising","title":"2011 Bahraini uprising","date_start":"2011-02-14"},{"id":"yemeni-revolution","title":"Yemeni revolution","date_start":"2011-01-27"},{"id":"egyptian-revolution-of-2011","title":"2011 Egyptian revolution","date_start":"2011-01-25"},{"id":"siege-of-homs","title":"Siege of Homs","date_start":"2011-05-06"}],"same_time":[{"id":"sinai-insurgency","title":"Sinai insurgency","date_start":"2011-02-05"},{"id":"istanbul-convention","title":"Istanbul Convention","date_start":"2011-05-11"},{"id":"siege-of-talkalakh-may-2011","title":"Siege of Talkalakh (May 2011)","date_start":"2011-05-14"},{"id":"2011-alexandria-bombing","title":"2011 Alexandria bombing","date_start":"2011-01-01"},{"id":"2011-turkish-general-election","title":"2011 Turkish general election","date_start":"2011-06-12"}]}}}