{"israel-jordan-peace-treaty":{"extract":"The Israel–Jordan peace treaty (formally the Treaty of Peace Between the State of Israel and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan), sometimes referred to as the Wadi Araba Treaty, is an agreement that ended the state of war that had existed between the two countries since the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and established mutual diplomatic relations. In addition to establishing peace between the two countries, the treaty also settled land and water disputes, provided for broad cooperation in tourism and trade, and obligated both countries to prevent their territory being used as a staging ground for military strikes by a third country.\n\nThe signing ceremony took place at the southern border crossing of Arabah on 26 October 1994. Jordan was the second Arab country, after Egypt, to sign a peace accord with Israel.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1359586354,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-06-16T02:43:21Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Jordan_peace_treaty","wikidata_qid":"Q620988","wikidata_classes":["peace treaty","bilateral treaty","treaty"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"country-fallback:Israel/Palestine","text_from_article":null,"hand_picked":true,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q4783126","label":"Arab-Israeli peace projects"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"may-17-agreement","title":"May 17 Agreement","date_start":"1983-05-17"},{"id":"egypt-israel-peace-treaty","title":"Egypt–Israel peace treaty","date_start":"1979-03-26"},{"id":"camp-david-accords","title":"Camp David Accords","date_start":"1978-09-17"},{"id":"abraham-accords","title":"Abraham Accords","date_start":"2020-09-15"}]}},"erzurum-offensive":{"extract":"The Erzurum offensive (Russian: Эрзурумское сражение, romanized: Erzurumskoe srazhenie; Turkish: Erzurum Taarruzu) or Battle of Erzurum (Turkish: Erzurum Muharebesi) was a major winter offensive by the Imperial Russian Army on the Caucasus Campaign, during the First World War that led to the capture of the strategic city of Erzurum. The Turkish forces, in winter quarters, suffered a series of unexpected reverses, which led to a Russian victory.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1370617119,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-22T03:07:57Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erzurum_offensive","wikidata_qid":"Q524208","wikidata_classes":["military operation"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q361","label":"World War I","id":"world-war-i"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"trebizond-campaign","title":"Trebizond Campaign","date_start":"1916-02-05"},{"id":"battle-of-erzincan-1916","title":"Battle of Erzincan (1916)","date_start":"1916-07-02"},{"id":"battle-of-bitlis","title":"Battle of Bitlis","date_start":"1915-07-01"},{"id":"landing-at-anzac-cove","title":"Landing at Anzac Cove","date_start":"1915-04-25"},{"id":"battle-of-magdhaba","title":"Battle of Magdhaba","date_start":"1916-12-23"}],"same_time":[{"id":"battle-of-wadi-1916","title":"Battle of Wadi (1916)","date_start":"1916-01-13"},{"id":"treaty-of-darin","title":"Treaty of Darin","date_start":"1915-12-26"},{"id":"siege-of-kut","title":"Siege of Kut","date_start":"1915-12-07"},{"id":"battle-of-ctesiphon-1915","title":"Battle of Ctesiphon (1915)","date_start":"1915-11-22"},{"id":"urfa-resistance","title":"Urfa resistance","date_start":"1915-09-29"}]}},"trebizond-campaign":{"extract":"The Trebizond Campaign, also known as the Battle of Trebizond, was a series of successful Russian naval and land operations that resulted in the capture of Trabzon. It was the logical step after the Erzerum Campaign. Operations began on February 5 and concluded when the Ottoman troops abandoned Trabzon on the night of April 15, 1916.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1381033519,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-19T15:58:51Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trebizond_Campaign","wikidata_qid":"Q2058905","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q361","label":"World War I","id":"world-war-i"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"erzurum-offensive","title":"Erzurum offensive","date_start":"1916-01-10"},{"id":"battle-of-erzincan-1916","title":"Battle of Erzincan (1916)","date_start":"1916-07-02"},{"id":"battle-of-bitlis","title":"Battle of Bitlis","date_start":"1915-07-01"},{"id":"landing-at-anzac-cove","title":"Landing at Anzac Cove","date_start":"1915-04-25"},{"id":"battle-of-magdhaba","title":"Battle of Magdhaba","date_start":"1916-12-23"}],"same_time":[{"id":"battle-of-wadi-1916","title":"Battle of Wadi (1916)","date_start":"1916-01-13"},{"id":"treaty-of-darin","title":"Treaty of Darin","date_start":"1915-12-26"},{"id":"siege-of-kut","title":"Siege of Kut","date_start":"1915-12-07"},{"id":"battle-of-ctesiphon-1915","title":"Battle of Ctesiphon (1915)","date_start":"1915-11-22"},{"id":"sykes-picot-agreement","title":"Sykes–Picot Agreement","date_start":"1916-05-16"}]}},"battle-of-megiddo-1918":{"extract":"The Battle of Megiddo was fought between 19 and 25 September 1918, on the Plain of Sharon, in front of Tulkarm, Tabsor and Arara in the Judean Hills as well as on the Esdralon Plain at Nazareth, Afulah, Beisan, Jenin and Samakh. Its name, which has been described as \"perhaps misleading\" since very limited fighting took place near Tel Megiddo, was chosen by British commander Edmund Allenby for its biblical and symbolic resonance.\n\nThe battle was the final Allied offensive of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I. The contending forces were the Allied Egyptian Expeditionary Force, of three corps including one of mounted troops, and the Ottoman Yildirim Army Group which numbered three armies, each the strength of barely an Allied corps. The series of battles took place in what was then the central and northern parts of Ottoman Palestine and parts of present-day Israel, Syria and Jordan. After forces of the Arab Revolt attacked the Ottoman lines of communication, distracting the Ottomans, British and Indian infantry divisions attacked and broke through the Ottoman defensive lines in the sector adjacent to the coast in the set-piece Battle of Sharon. The Desert Mounted Corps rode through the breach and almost encircled the Ottoman Seventh and Eighth armies still fighting in the Judean Hills. The subsidiary Battle of Nablus was fought virtually simultaneously in the Judean Hills in front of Nablus and at crossings of the Jordan River. The Ottoman Fourth Army was subsequently attacked in the Hills of Moab at Es Salt and Amman.\n\nThese battles resulted in many tens of thousands of prisoners and many miles of territory being captured by the Allies. Following the battles, Daraa was captured on 27 September, Damascus on 1 October and operations at Haritan, north of Aleppo, were still in progress when the Armistice of Mudros was signed ending hostilities between the Allies and Ottomans.\n\nThe operations of General Edmund Allenby, the British commander of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, achieved decisive results at comparatively little cost, in contrast to many offensives during the First World War. Allenby achieved this through the use of creeping barrages to cover set-piece infantry attacks to break a state of trench warfare and then use his mobile forces (cavalry, armoured cars and aircraft) to encircle the Ottoman armies' positions in the Judean Hills, cutting off their lines of retreat. The irregular forces of the Arab Revolt also played a part in this victory.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1370449459,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-21T04:32:54Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)","wikidata_qid":"Q199371","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"year","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q727536","label":"Sinai and Palestine Campaign","id":"sinai-and-palestine-campaign"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"battle-of-beersheba-1917","title":"Battle of Beersheba (1917)","date_start":"1917-10-31"},{"id":"capture-of-damascus-1918","title":"Capture of Damascus (1918)","date_start":"1918-09-26"},{"id":"stalemate-in-southern-palestine","title":"Stalemate in Southern Palestine","date_start":"1917-04-01"}],"nearby":[{"id":"passover-massacre","title":"Passover massacre","date_start":"2002-03-27","km":8.1,"bearing":202},{"id":"coastal-road-massacre","title":"Coastal road massacre","date_start":"1978-03-11","km":29,"bearing":195},{"id":"kafr-qasim-massacre","title":"Kafr Qasim massacre","date_start":"1956-10-29","km":32.9,"bearing":165},{"id":"assassination-of-yitzhak-rabin","title":"Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin","date_start":"1995-11-04","km":36.7,"bearing":195},{"id":"june-2016-tel-aviv-shooting","title":"June 2016 Tel Aviv shooting","date_start":"2016-06-08","km":37.5,"bearing":194}]}},"2005-amman-bombings":{"extract":"The 2005 Amman bombings were a series of coordinated suicide bomb attacks on three hotel lobbies in Amman, Jordan, on 9 November 2005. The explosions at the Grand Hyatt Hotel, the Radisson SAS Hotel, and the Days Inn started at around 20:50 local time (18:50 UTC) at the Grand Hyatt. The three hotels were frequented by foreign diplomats. The bomb at the Radisson SAS exploded in the Philadelphia Ballroom, where a Palestinian wedding hosting hundreds of guests was taking place. The attacks killed 57 people and injured 115 others.\n\nAl-Qaeda in Iraq was quick to claim responsibility for the attack.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1380207200,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-14T11:55:09Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Amman_bombings","wikidata_qid":"Q2474047","wikidata_classes":["suicide bombing","terrorist attack"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"nearby":[{"id":"emirate-of-transjordan","title":"Emirate of Transjordan","date_start":"1921-04-11","km":1.6,"bearing":58},{"id":"dawson-s-field-hijackings","title":"Dawson's Field hijackings","date_start":"1970-09-06","km":27.3,"bearing":50},{"id":"battle-of-karameh","title":"Battle of Karameh","date_start":"1968-03-21","km":33.3,"bearing":270}],"same_time":[{"id":"haditha-massacre","title":"Haditha massacre","date_start":"2005-11-19"},{"id":"december-2005-iraqi-parliamentary-election","title":"December 2005 Iraqi parliamentary election","date_start":"2005-12-15"},{"id":"2005-egyptian-presidential-election","title":"2005 Egyptian presidential election","date_start":"2005-09-07"},{"id":"2006-palestinian-legislative-election","title":"2006 Palestinian legislative election","date_start":"2006-01-25"},{"id":"iraqi-civil-war-2006-2008","title":"Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)","date_start":"2006-02-22"}]}},"treaty-of-jeddah-1927":{"extract":"The 1927 Treaty of Jeddah, formally the Treaty between His Majesty and His Majesty the King of the Hejaz and of Nejd and Its Dependencies was signed between the United Kingdom and Ibn Saud.\n\nIt was signed by Sir Gilbert Clayton on behalf of the United Kingdom and Prince Faisal bin Abdulaziz on behalf of Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd on 20 May 1927. The treaty recognized the independence of Ibn Saud and sovereignty over what was then known as the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd. The two regions were unified into the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932. In return, Ibn Saud agreed to stop his forces from attacking and harassing neighbouring British protectorates.\n\nThe Treaty of Jeddah also addressed the issue of the Red Sea slave trade of Africans to slavery in the Kingdom of Hejaz. The King formally agreed to cooperate with the British Legation in fighting the slave trade. Article 7 of the treaty explicitly stipulated the right of the British Legation in Jeddah to manumit enslaved Africans seeking asylum, and according to the British Foreign Office, 263 Africans were freed in this way between 1926 and 1938.\n\nThe Treaty superseded the 1915 Treaty of Darin.\n\nIt was published in Treaty Series No. 25 (1927), Command 2951 and was slightly modified by two further exchanges of Notes in 1936 (Treaty Series No. 10 (1937) Command 5380) and 1943 (Treaty Series No. 13 (1947), Command 7064).","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1310533973,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2025-09-10T04:32:25Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Jeddah_(1927)","wikidata_qid":"Q17035545","wikidata_classes":["treaty"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"year","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false}},"maras-massacre":{"extract":"The Maraş massacre (Turkish: Maraş katliamı; Kurdish: Komkujiya Mereşê) was the massacre of more than one hundred leftists and Kurdish Alevis in the city of Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, in December 1978, allegedly by the neo-fascist Grey Wolves and National Intelligence Organization of Turkey.\n\nMartial law was declared after the massacre, but this did not halt a campaign of violence elsewhere including in cities like Çorum and Konya.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1376838483,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-26T15:10:22Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mara%C5%9F_massacre","wikidata_qid":"Q2096206","wikidata_classes":["massacre"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"month","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false}},"operation-morvarid":{"extract":"Operation Morvarid (Persian: عملیات مروارید, lit. 'Operation Pearl') was an operation launched by the Iranian Navy and Air Force against the Iraqi Navy sites on 27 November 1980 in response to Iraq positioning radar and monitoring equipment on the Mina Al-Bakr and Khor-al-Amaya oil rigs to counter Iranian air operations. The operation resulted in a victory for Iran, which managed to destroy both oil rigs as well as much of the Iraqi Navy and inflicted significant damage to Iraqi ports and airfields.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1375665515,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-19T05:53:03Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Morvarid","wikidata_qid":"Q191577","wikidata_classes":["military operation","naval battle","dogfight","battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q82664","label":"Iran–Iraq War","id":"iran-iraq-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"siege-of-abadan","title":"Siege of Abadan","date_start":"1980-11-06"},{"id":"operation-nasr","title":"Operation Nasr","date_start":"1981-01-01"},{"id":"operation-kaman-99","title":"Operation Kaman 99","date_start":"1980-09-23"},{"id":"battle-of-khorramshahr-1980","title":"Battle of Khorramshahr (1980)","date_start":"1980-09-22"},{"id":"h-3-airstrike","title":"H-3 airstrike","date_start":"1981-04-04"}],"same_time":[{"id":"1980-turkish-coup-d-etat","title":"1980 Turkish coup d'état","date_start":"1980-09-12"}]}},"2012-egyptian-constitutional-referendum":{"extract":"A constitutional referendum was held in Egypt in two rounds on 15 and 22 December 2012. Egyptians living abroad were scheduled to vote between 8 and 11 December. Voting for expatriates had been delayed until 12 December 2012 and was extended until 17 December 2012. Voters were asked whether they approve of the draft constitution that was approved by the Constituent Assembly on 30 November 2012.\n\nUnofficial results reported on 23 December 2012 found that 32.9% of the electorate voted and that the constitution was approved with 63.8% of the vote in favor over the two rounds of polling.\n\nDuring the campaign, supporters of the draft constitution argued that the constitution would provide stability. Most opponents argued that the constitution was too favorable to the Muslim Brotherhood, and did not grant sufficient minority rights. However, some extreme Salafists also opposed the constitution, arguing that it should have been based more closely on Sharia law.\n\nThe supreme committee for supervising the constitution referendum was formed on 3 December 2012. Mohammad Salim Al-Awa stated that a new Constituent Assembly would be formed within three months through general elections if the draft Constitution was voted down. The new assembly would have six months to write the new constitution. The general secretary of the constitution referendum supreme committee resigned for health reasons.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1345539049,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-03-26T16:46:57Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Egyptian_constitutional_referendum","wikidata_qid":"Q277144","wikidata_classes":["constitutional referendum","referendum"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":true,"findings":[{"guideline":"LABEL","guideline_name":"Contentious labels","shortcut":"MOS:LABEL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AManual_of_Style%2FWords_to_watch&oldid=1376702503#Contentious_labels","phrase":"some extreme Salafists","note":"Calls some opponents \"extreme Salafists\" in Wikipedia's own voice, without saying who uses the label."}],"highlights":["some extreme Salafists"]},"highlights":[{"text":"some extreme Salafists","kind":"wording"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"battle-of-ras-al-ayn-2012-13","title":"Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2012–13)","date_start":"2012-12-17"},{"id":"2012-2013-egyptian-protests","title":"2012–2013 Egyptian protests","date_start":"2012-11-22"},{"id":"2012-gaza-war","title":"2012 Gaza War","date_start":"2012-11-14"},{"id":"2013-israeli-legislative-election","title":"2013 Israeli legislative election","date_start":"2013-01-23"},{"id":"battle-of-raqqa-2013","title":"Battle of Raqqa (2013)","date_start":"2013-03-02"}]}},"operation-focus":{"extract":"Operation Focus (Hebrew: מבצע מוקד, Mivtza Moked) was the opening airstrike by Israel at the start of the Six-Day War in 1967. It is sometimes referred to as the \"Sinai Air Strike\". At 07:45 on 5 June 1967, the Israeli Air Force (IAF) under Maj. Gen. Mordechai Hod launched a massive airstrike that destroyed the majority of the Egyptian Air Force on the ground. Following Syrian and Jordanian attacks in retaliation, the Israeli Air Force bombed air bases in those countries. By noon, the Egyptian, Jordanian and Syrian Air Forces, totaling about 450 aircraft, were destroyed. It was also very successful in disabling 18 airfields in Egypt, hindering Egyptian air operations for the duration of the war, and remains one of the most successful air attack campaigns in military history.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1372153090,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-30T16:45:58Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Focus","wikidata_qid":"Q63863","wikidata_classes":["airstrike","armed conflict","bombardment"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":true,"note":"Told from the Israeli Air Force's side, ending on an unattributed superlative that it \"remains one of the most successful air attack campaigns in military history\"; the Egyptian, Syrian and Jordanian sides appear only as targets.","highlights":["remains one of the most successful air attack campaigns in military history"]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[{"text":"remains one of the most successful air attack campaigns in military history","kind":"fairness"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q49077","label":"Six-Day War","id":"six-day-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"battle-of-ammunition-hill","title":"Battle of Ammunition Hill","date_start":"1967-06-06"}],"same_time":[{"id":"israeli-occupation-of-the-west-bank","title":"Israeli occupation of the West Bank","date_start":"1967-06-05"},{"id":"war-of-attrition","title":"War of Attrition","date_start":"1967-07-01"}]}},"islamic-state-invasion-of-iraq":{"extract":"In June 2014, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (also known as ISIL or ISIS), which had controlled a large portion of Northeastern Syria at that time during the Syrian civil war, launched a widespread offensive in Iraq, capturing a large swath of territory extending all the way from the Iraq–Syria border to the outskirts of the Iraqi capital city of Baghdad. The offensive came after months of clashes in Anbar province, where tribal groups, and some extremist factions—which had pledged allegiance to ISIL—had been fighting Iraqi government forces in the cities of Fallujah and Ramadi following a series of anti-government protests. The offensive led to the occupation of 40% of Iraq's territory by the Islamic State, the collapse of several elements of the then-corrupt Iraqi Army and the genocides and mass killings of various religious groups, such as the Yazidis, Christians and Shia Muslims (who form a majority in the country). This event led to the intervention of Iran and the United States in assisting Iraq in its conflict with the Islamic State, with the latter providing assistance to both Iraqi and Kurdish forces.\n\nThe Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and its allies captured several cities and surrounding territory, beginning with an attack on Samarra on 4 June, followed by the seizure of Mosul on 10 June, and Tikrit on 11 June. As Iraqi government forces fled south on 13 June, Kurdistan Regional Government force's took control of the oil hub of Kirkuk, part of the disputed territories of Northern Iraq.\n\nThe Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant called the battles of Mosul and Saladin Governorate \"the Battle of the Lion of God al-Bilawi\" (Arabic: غزوة أسد الله البيلاوي), in honor of Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi.\n\nA former commander of the Iraqi ground forces, Ali Ghaidan, accused former Prime Minister of Iraq, Nouri al-Maliki of being the one who issued the order to withdraw from the city of Mosul.\n\nBy late June, the Iraqi government had lost control of its borders with both Jordan and Syria. Prime Minister of Iraq Nouri al-Maliki called for a national state of emergency on 10 June following the attack on Mosul, which had been seized overnight. However, despite the security crisis, Iraq's parliament did not allow Maliki to declare a state of emergency; many Sunni Arab and Kurdish legislators boycotted the session because they opposed expanding the prime minister's powers.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1378166946,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-03T06:47:12Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_invasion_of_Iraq","wikidata_qid":"Q17144192","wikidata_classes":["offensive","armed conflict"],"date_flags":["date_source_adjusted: Wikidata P585 2014-06-25 equals the item's end time (P582); used P580 start time 2014-06-05"],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":true,"findings":[{"guideline":"LABEL","guideline_name":"Contentious labels","shortcut":"MOS:LABEL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AManual_of_Style%2FWords_to_watch&oldid=1376702503#Contentious_labels","phrase":"some extremist factions","note":"Uses \"extremist\" for factions allied with ISIL in Wikipedia's own voice, without saying who uses the label."}],"highlights":["some extremist factions"]},"highlights":[{"text":"some extremist factions","kind":"wording"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q2165215","label":"Iraqi insurgency","id":"iraqi-insurgency-2011-2013"},{"qid":"Q17984356","label":"Iraqi Civil War of 2014–2017","id":"war-in-iraq-2013-2017"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"fall-of-mosul","title":"Fall of Mosul","date_start":"2014-06-04"},{"id":"first-battle-of-tikrit","title":"First Battle of Tikrit","date_start":"2014-06-26"},{"id":"battle-of-zumar","title":"Battle of Zumar","date_start":"2014-08-01"},{"id":"sinjar-massacre","title":"Sinjar massacre","date_start":"2014-08-01"},{"id":"anbar-campaign-2013-2014","title":"Anbar campaign (2013–2014)","date_start":"2013-12-30"}]}},"turkish-occupation-of-northern-syria":{"extract":"The Turkish Armed Forces and its ally the Syrian National Army had occupied areas of northern Syria from August 2016, during the Syrian civil war until 2026. Although these areas had nominally acknowledged a government affiliated with the Syrian opposition, in practice they constituted a separate proto-state under the dual authority of decentralized native local councils and Turkish military rule.\n\nTurkish-controlled areas of Syria included towns such as Al-Bab, Azaz, Manbij, Jarabulus, Rajo, Tal Abyad and Ras al-Ayn. The majority of these settlements had been captured from the Islamic State and the Syrian Democratic Forces, both of which have been designated as terrorist organisations by the Turkish government. The Syrian Interim Government moved into the Turkish-controlled territories and began to extend authority, including providing documents to Syrian citizens. These areas are referred to as \"safe zones\" by Turkish authorities. The occupation has allegedly led to human rights abuses in some areas, including ethnic cleansing.\n\nAccording to a report by the Institute for the Study of War, as of January 2026, the Syrian transitional government had fully taken control of the territory previously controlled by the Syrian National Army factions. Turkey still maintains military positions within formerly SNA-coded territory.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1376655894,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-25T13:51:03Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_occupation_of_northern_Syria","wikidata_qid":"Q27628424","wikidata_classes":["military occupation","armed conflict"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"month","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false}},"2022-israeli-legislative-election":{"extract":"Legislative elections were held in Israel on 1 November 2022 to elect the 120 members of the 25th Knesset. The results saw the right-wing national camp of former prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu win a parliamentary majority, amid losses for left-wing and Arab parties, as well as gains by the far-right.\n\nAfter the 2021 elections, the next elections had been scheduled for no later than 11 November 2025 according to the four-year term limit set by Basic Law: The Government. The thirty-sixth government, a national unity government formed between eight political parties following the 2021 elections, held the narrowest possible majority (61 seats) in the 120-member Knesset. In April 2022, MK Idit Silman left the governing coalition, leaving it without a majority.\n\nOn 20 June 2022, following several legislative defeats for the government in the Knesset, prime minister Naftali Bennett and alternate prime minister Yair Lapid announced the introduction of a bill to dissolve the 24th Knesset, which was approved on 30 June. Simultaneously, in accordance with the rotation government agreement that was part of the 2021 coalition deal, Lapid became prime minister and led a caretaker government until a new government took office.\n\nWithin the context of the 2018–2022 Israeli political crisis, this was the fifth Knesset election in nearly four years, as no party had been able to form a stable coalition since 2019. A total of 40 parties registered to run for these elections, although only twelve to fourteen parties were projected to cross the 3.25% electoral threshold to win seats under the closed list, proportional representation electoral system. Ten parties succeeded in crossing the threshold. On 21 December, Netanyahu announced that he had succeeded in forming a coalition government consisting of 64 MKs. The thirty-seventh government was sworn in on 29 December.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1381359233,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-21T22:00:21Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Israeli_legislative_election","wikidata_qid":"Q106181016","wikidata_classes":["Israeli legislative election","snap election","public election"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q89194084","label":"2018–2022 Israeli political crisis"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"2021-israeli-legislative-election","title":"2021 Israeli legislative election","date_start":"2021-03-23"}],"same_time":[{"id":"2022-shah-cheragh-attack","title":"2022 Shah Cheragh attack","date_start":"2022-10-26"},{"id":"2022-istanbul-bombing","title":"2022 Istanbul bombing","date_start":"2022-11-13"},{"id":"mahsa-amini-protests","title":"Mahsa Amini protests","date_start":"2022-09-16"},{"id":"2023-neve-yaakov-shooting","title":"2023 Neve Yaakov shooting","date_start":"2023-01-27"},{"id":"2023-iran-drone-attacks","title":"2023 Iran drone attacks","date_start":"2023-01-28"}]}},"2023-israel-palestine-tensions":{"extract":"A series of violent confrontations occurred between Palestinians and Israeli police at the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound in Jerusalem in April 2023. After the evening Ramadan prayer, Palestinians barricaded themselves inside the mosque, prompted by reports that Jews planned to sacrifice a goat at the site (which is forbidden by Israeli law). In response, Israeli police raided the mosque in riot gear, injuring 50 people and arresting at least 400.\n\nIn the immediate aftermath of the clashes, Palestinian militant groups fired rockets into Israel from the Gaza Strip and Lebanon – acts broadly construed as a response to the events at Al-Aqsa. Later that year, one justification given by Hamas for carrying out the 7 October attacks against Israel was in retaliation for the events at Al-Aqsa.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1377129229,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-28T00:58:30Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_tensions","wikidata_qid":"Q117447192","wikidata_classes":["armed conflict"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"nearby":[{"id":"2022-al-aqsa-clashes","title":"2022 Al-Aqsa clashes","date_start":"2022-04-15","km":0.2,"bearing":185},{"id":"1920-nebi-musa-riots","title":"1920 Nebi Musa riots","date_start":"1920-04-04","km":0.2,"bearing":229},{"id":"1929-palestine-riots","title":"1929 Palestine riots","date_start":"1929-08-23","km":0.2,"bearing":229},{"id":"battle-of-jerusalem-1917","title":"Battle of Jerusalem","date_start":"1917-11-17","km":0.8,"bearing":257},{"id":"king-david-hotel-bombing","title":"King David Hotel bombing","date_start":"1946-07-22","km":1.3,"bearing":253}],"same_time":[{"id":"2023-turkish-general-election","title":"2023 Turkish general election","date_start":"2023-05-14"},{"id":"2023-turkish-parliamentary-election","title":"2023 Turkish parliamentary election","date_start":"2023-05-14"},{"id":"2023-turkish-presidential-election","title":"2023 Turkish presidential election","date_start":"2023-05-14"},{"id":"2023-iran-drone-attacks","title":"2023 Iran drone attacks","date_start":"2023-01-28"},{"id":"2023-neve-yaakov-shooting","title":"2023 Neve Yaakov shooting","date_start":"2023-01-27"}]}}}