{"iran-iraq-war":{"extract":"The Iran–Iraq War, also called the First Imposed War, Eight-Year War, or Sacred Defense by Iran, began with the Iraqi invasion of Iran in September 1980. After eight years of conflict, both countries accepted a ceasefire deal brokered by the United Nations, which became effective in August 1988. The war caused around 500,000 deaths (excluding numbers from the related Anfal campaign), making it the deadliest conventional war ever fought between regular armies of developing countries.\n\nIn starting the war, the Iraqi government—led by President Saddam Hussein—primarily wanted to prevent Ruhollah Khomeini, Iran's leader following the 1979 Iranian Revolution, from exporting Iran's new state ideology to Iraq. Iraq also feared that Iran, being a theocratic state mostly composed of Shia Muslims, would rally Iraq's Shia majority against the Sunni Muslim-controlled Baʽathist government. Iraq also wished to replace Iran as the main national power in the Persian Gulf. The war followed a long-running history of border disputes between the two states, as a result of which Iraq planned to retake the eastern bank of the Shatt al-Arab river that it had ceded to Iran in the 1975 Algiers Agreement.\n\nThe conflict involved large-scale trench warfare, and deliberate attacks on civilians, including Iraqi chemical attacks. At the start of the war, Iraq expected a decisive victory, considering Iran's post-revolutionary chaos, but their invasion had stalled by December 1980. The Iranian military then gained momentum, and recaptured all their territory by June 1982. Having pushed Iraqi forces back to the pre-war borders, Iran launched an invasion of Iraq, which created a five-year offensive. In mid-1988, Iraq launched a series of counter-offensives that created the military stalemate present at the war's end.\n\nIraq was aided by the National Council of Resistance of Iran, the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, France, Italy, Yugoslavia, and most Arab countries. Iran was aided by the Kurdistan Democratic Party, the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, Syria, Libya, North Korea, China, South Yemen, Pakistan, Cuba, and Israel. Meanwhile, Iraqi support for Arab separatists in Iran increased.\n\nAfter years of military and economic losses, decreasing morale, intensifying Iran–U.S. relations, and little international action against Iraqi attacks on Iranian civilians, Iran agreed to a ceasefire with Iraq under United Nations Security Council Resolution 598. The war did not create any permanent border changes, and neither country received war reparations afterwards. Both sides suffered financially. They continued engaging in low-level military conflict until relations improved following Saddam's overthrow in 2003.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1380858886,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-18T11:26:44Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War","wikidata_qid":"Q82664","wikidata_classes":["war","war of aggression","armed conflict"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"country-fallback:Iran","text_from_article":null,"hand_picked":true,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q9001214","label":"Gulf War"}],"includes":[{"id":"battle-of-khorramshahr-1980","title":"Battle of Khorramshahr (1980)","date_start":"1980-09-22"},{"id":"operation-kaman-99","title":"Operation Kaman 99","date_start":"1980-09-23"},{"id":"siege-of-abadan","title":"Siege of Abadan","date_start":"1980-11-06"},{"id":"operation-morvarid","title":"Operation Morvarid","date_start":"1980-11-29"},{"id":"operation-nasr","title":"Operation Nasr","date_start":"1981-01-01"},{"id":"h-3-airstrike","title":"H-3 airstrike","date_start":"1981-04-04"},{"id":"operation-tariq-al-quds","title":"Operation Tariq al-Quds","date_start":"1981-12-07"},{"id":"operation-fath-ol-mobin","title":"Operation Fath ol-Mobin","date_start":"1982-03-22"},{"id":"battle-of-khorramshahr-1982","title":"Battle of Khorramshahr (1982)","date_start":"1982-04-24"},{"id":"operation-beit-ol-moqaddas","title":"Operation Beit ol-Moqaddas","date_start":"1982-05-24"},{"id":"tanker-war","title":"Tanker war","date_start":"1984-02-01"},{"id":"first-battle-of-al-faw","title":"First Battle of al-Faw","date_start":"1986-02-11"},{"id":"siege-of-basra","title":"Siege of Basra","date_start":"1987-02-26"},{"id":"operation-earnest-will","title":"Operation Earnest Will","date_start":"1987-07-24"},{"id":"operation-prime-chance","title":"Operation Prime Chance","date_start":"1987-08-01"},{"id":"operation-praying-mantis","title":"Operation Praying Mantis","date_start":"1988-04-18"},{"id":"operation-mersad","title":"Operation Mersad","date_start":"1988-07-26"}],"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"1980-turkish-coup-d-etat","title":"1980 Turkish coup d'état","date_start":"1980-09-12"},{"id":"operation-eagle-claw","title":"Operation Eagle Claw","date_start":"1980-04-24"}]}},"defense-of-van-1915":{"extract":"The defense of Van (Armenian: Վանի հերոսամարտ, romanized: Vani herosamart) and in Russian Van operation (Russian: Ванская операция, romanized: Vanskaya operatsia) was the armed resistance of the Armenian population of Van and Russian army against the Ottoman Empire's attempts to massacre the Ottoman Armenian population of the Van Vilayet in the 1915 Armenian genocide. Several contemporaneous observers and later historians have concluded that the Ottoman government deliberately instigated an armed Armenian resistance in the city and then used this insurgency as the main pretext to justify beginning the deportation and slaughter of Armenians throughout the empire. Witness reports agree that the Armenian posture at Van was defensive and an act of resistance to massacre. The self-defense action is frequently cited in Armenian genocide denial literature; it has become \"the alpha and omega of the plea of 'military necessity'\" to excuse the genocide and portray the persecution of Armenians as justified.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1371446088,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-26T13:52:49Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_of_Van_(1915)","wikidata_qid":"Q1018969","wikidata_classes":["siege","battle","rebellion"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":true,"note":"Written as a rebuttal of genocide-denial arguments rather than a description. Its conclusions match the scholarly consensus, but the tone argues rather than reports.","highlights":["the alpha and omega of the plea of 'military necessity'"]},"wording":{"found":true,"findings":[{"guideline":"LABEL","guideline_name":"Contentious labels","shortcut":"MOS:LABEL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AManual_of_Style%2FWords_to_watch&oldid=1376702503#Contentious_labels","phrase":"Armenian genocide denial literature","note":"The Ottoman account of events at Van appears only under the label \"genocide denial literature\", in Wikipedia's own voice; the conclusions about Ottoman intent are attributed to observers, historians and witnesses."}],"highlights":["Armenian genocide denial literature"]},"highlights":[{"text":"the alpha and omega of the plea of 'military necessity'","kind":"fairness"},{"text":"Armenian genocide denial literature","kind":"wording"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q523154","label":"Caucasus campaign","id":"caucasus-campaign"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"battle-of-kara-killisse-1915","title":"Battle of Kara Killisse (1915)","date_start":"1915-01-01"},{"id":"battle-of-manzikert-1915","title":"Battle of Manzikert (1915)","date_start":"1915-01-01"},{"id":"battle-of-ardahan","title":"Battle of Ardahan","date_start":"1914-12-25"}],"same_time":[{"id":"armenian-genocide","title":"Armenian genocide","date_start":"1915-04-24"},{"id":"landing-at-anzac-cove","title":"Landing at Anzac Cove","date_start":"1915-04-25"},{"id":"20-hunchakian-gallows","title":"20 Hunchakian gallows","date_start":"1915-06-15"},{"id":"gallipoli-campaign","title":"Gallipoli campaign","date_start":"1915-02-19"},{"id":"naval-operations-in-the-dardanelles-campaign","title":"Naval operations in the Dardanelles campaign","date_start":"1915-02-19"}]}},"2017-minya-bus-attack":{"extract":"On 26 May 2017, masked gunmen opened fire on a convoy carrying Copts from Maghagha in Egypt's Minya Governorate to the Monastery of Saint Samuel the Confessor, killing at least 33 people and injuring 22 others.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1373785574,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-07T22:54:44Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Minya_bus_attack","wikidata_qid":"Q30060577","wikidata_classes":["terrorist attack","mass shooting"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q22935835","label":"Timeline of terrorism in Egypt (2013–present)"}],"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"2017-iranian-presidential-election","title":"2017 Iranian presidential election","date_start":"2017-05-19"},{"id":"qatar-diplomatic-crisis","title":"Qatar diplomatic crisis","date_start":"2017-06-05"},{"id":"2017-tehran-attacks","title":"2017 Tehran attacks","date_start":"2017-06-07"},{"id":"2017-turkish-constitutional-referendum","title":"2017 Turkish constitutional referendum","date_start":"2017-04-16"},{"id":"2017-aleppo-suicide-car-bombing","title":"2017 Aleppo suicide car bombing","date_start":"2017-04-15"}]}},"yalova-peninsula-massacres":{"extract":"The Yalova Peninsula massacres (Turkish: Yalova katliamı, lit. 'Yalova massacre') were a series of massacres during 1920–1921, the majority of which occurred during March – May 1921. They were committed by local Greek, Armenian and Circassian bands, \"assisted by drunken and undisciplined Greek troops\", against the Muslim Turkish population of the Yalova Peninsula. There were 27 villages burned and in Armutlu. According to journalist Arnold J. Toynbee c. 300 Muslims were killed during April–July 1921. In an Ottoman inquiry of 177 survivors in Constantinople, the number of victims reported was very low (35), which is in line with Toynbee's descriptions that villagers fled after one to two murders. Moreover, approximately 1,500 out of 7,000 Muslims remained in the region after the events or 6,000 had left Yalova where 16 villages had been burned. On the other hand, Ottoman and Turkish documents on massacres claim that at least 9,100 Muslim Turks were killed.\n\nThe high death toll in the events convinced Toynbee that the Greeks were unfit to rule over Turks. An Inter-Allied commission, consisting of British, French, American and Italian officers, and headed by Maurice Gehri, the representative of the Geneva International Red Cross, and Arnold Toynbee went to the region to investigate the atrocities.\n\nOne of the results was that refugees were transported to Allied-controlled Constantinople on ships.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1375992708,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-21T09:25:41Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yalova_Peninsula_massacres","wikidata_qid":"Q6105724","wikidata_classes":["ethnic cleansing","population transfer"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"year","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":true,"findings":[{"guideline":"SAID","guideline_name":"Synonyms for \"said\"","shortcut":"MOS:SAID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AManual_of_Style%2FWords_to_watch&oldid=1376702503#Synonyms_for_said","phrase":"Ottoman and Turkish documents on massacres claim","note":"The Toynbee figures are given with \"According to\" and endorsed (\"in line with Toynbee's descriptions\"), while the Ottoman and Turkish figures \"claim\"."}],"highlights":["Ottoman and Turkish documents on massacres claim"]},"highlights":[{"text":"Ottoman and Turkish documents on massacres claim","kind":"wording"}],"category_note":"Shown as \"migration\" because Wikidata types it as a population transfer; the summary describes massacres of Turkish civilians.","data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q87138","label":"Greco-Turkish War","id":"greco-turkish-war-1919-1922"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"greek-landing-at-smyrna","title":"Greek landing at Smyrna","date_start":"1919-05-15"},{"id":"second-battle-of-inonu","title":"Second Battle of İnönü","date_start":"1921-04-01"},{"id":"battle-of-the-sakarya","title":"Battle of the Sakarya","date_start":"1921-08-23"},{"id":"turkish-capture-of-smyrna","title":"Turkish capture of Smyrna","date_start":"1922-09-09"}]}},"saudi-yemeni-war-1934":{"extract":"The Saudi–Yemeni war (Arabic: الحرب السعودية اليمنية) was a war between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Kingdom of Yemen in 1934.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1381123348,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-20T03:58:45Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi%E2%80%93Yemeni_war_(1934)","wikidata_qid":"Q1367731","wikidata_classes":["war"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"month","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q251600","label":"Unification of Saudi Arabia","id":"unification-of-saudi-arabia"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"first-saudi-rashidi-war-1903-1907","title":"First Saudi–Rashidi War (1903–1907)","date_start":"1903-01-01"}]}},"2022-gaza-israel-clashes":{"extract":"The 2022 Gaza–Israel clashes code-named as Operation Breaking Dawn lasted from 5 to 7 August 2022. The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) conducted some 147 airstrikes in Gaza and Palestinian militants fired approximately 1,100 rockets towards Israel. The operation, ordered by Prime Minister Yair Lapid and Defense Minister Benny Gantz without prior Cabinet discussion or approval, followed a raid in Jenin in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, in which Israeli forces arrested Bassam al-Saadi, a leader of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) in that area. On 6 August, Israel arrested 20 people in the West Bank of whom 19 were members of PIJ and a further 20 on 7 August according to an unnamed Israeli official.\n\nThe initial attack included the targeted killing of Tayseer al-Jabari, a military leader of the group. On the second day, the PIJ commander of the Southern area of the Strip, Khaled Mansour, was also targeted and killed. Islamic Jihad stated that the Israeli bombardments were a 'declaration of war' and responded with retaliatory rocket fire towards Israel.\n\nThe clashes resulted in the death of at least 49 Palestinians, including 17 children, according to the Gaza health ministry. The IDF stated that over a dozen of these deaths, including 12 of the children, were caused by failed PIJ rocket launches. This was disputed by the father of one of the victims, while other Gaza residents and journalists state they saw the misfires by PIJ and called for an investigation of the misfires. On 13 August, Haaretz reported that misfires killed 14 civilians, including seven children. Some 20% of rockets fell short and into Gaza.\n\nThe clashes ended with a truce that was confirmed by both sides on the night of 7 August 2022.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1370424699,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-21T02:03:47Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes","wikidata_qid":"Q113453221","wikidata_classes":["military operation"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"month","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q553184","label":"Gaza–Israel conflict","id":"gaza-israel-conflict"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"may-2023-gaza-israel-clashes","title":"May 2023 Gaza–Israel clashes","date_start":"2023-05-01"},{"id":"2023-israel-hamas-war","title":"Gaza war","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"october-7-attacks","title":"October 7 attacks","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"operation-guardian-of-the-walls","title":"Operation Guardian of the Walls","date_start":"2021-05-01"},{"id":"2018-2019-gaza-border-protests","title":"2018–2019 Gaza border protests","date_start":"2018-03-30"}]}},"stalemate-in-southern-palestine":{"extract":"The Stalemate in Southern Palestine was a six-month standoff between the British Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) and the Ottoman Army in World War I. The two hostile forces faced each other along the Gaza to Beersheba line during the Sinai and Palestine campaign, with neither side able to force its opponent to withdraw. The stalemate began in April 1917 with the defeat of the EEF by the Ottoman Army at the Second Battle of Gaza and lasted until the EEF offensive began with the Battle of Beersheba on 31 October 1917.\n\nPrevious to the stalemate, units of the Ottoman Fourth Army had been forced out of the Sinai Peninsula by a series of EEF victories: the Battle of Romani in August 1916, the Battle of Magdhaba in December and the Battle of Rafa in January 1917. The EEF followed up those victories by making two unsuccessful attempts to capture Gaza: the First Battle of Gaza in March, and the Second Battle of Gaza in April. These two Ottoman victories halted the attempted EEF invasion of southern Palestine, leading to the stalemate.\n\nDuring the six-month-long stalemate, the EEF held positions on the edge of the Negev Desert, while both sides engaged in continuous trench warfare and contested mounted patrolling of the open eastern flank. Both sides took the opportunity to reorganise their forces, change commanders, conduct training and prepare for future major battles, which resulted in the EEF capture of Jerusalem in December 1917.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1372722548,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-02T00:09:45Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalemate_in_Southern_Palestine","wikidata_qid":"Q16932897","wikidata_classes":["armed conflict"],"date_flags":["date_source_adjusted: Wikidata P585 1917-10-00 equals the item's end time (P582); used P580 start time 1917-04-00"],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"month","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q1765465","label":"Middle Eastern theater of World War I","id":"middle-eastern-theatre-of-world-war-i"},{"qid":"Q727536","label":"Sinai and Palestine Campaign","id":"sinai-and-palestine-campaign"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"first-battle-of-gaza","title":"First Battle of Gaza","date_start":"1917-03-26"},{"id":"second-battle-of-gaza","title":"Second Battle of Gaza","date_start":"1917-04-17"},{"id":"battle-of-beersheba-1917","title":"Battle of Beersheba (1917)","date_start":"1917-10-31"},{"id":"third-battle-of-gaza","title":"Third Battle of Gaza","date_start":"1917-11-01"},{"id":"battle-of-romani","title":"Battle of Romani","date_start":"1916-08-03"}]}},"1991-iraqi-missile-attacks-against-israel":{"extract":"On 17 January 1991, Iraq initiated a missile campaign against Israel. Over the next month, approximately 42 Scud missiles were fired into Israeli territory, primarily at the cities of Tel Aviv and Haifa. The missile attacks began on the same day as the Gulf War aerial bombardment campaign, which was targeting military infrastructure within Iraqi-occupied Kuwait. As many Muslim-majority countries were actively contributing to the American-led military coalition, the Iraqi government had expected them to rescind their support if Israel responded to the missile campaign by attacking Iraq.\n\nIsrael was convinced by Jordan and the United States to not retaliate. Jordanian king Hussein bin Talal persuaded Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Shamir to consider Jordan's stability and not violate Jordanian airspace during a bilateral meeting two weeks earlier, and the Bush administration had increased defense aid to Israel for the purpose of actively countering Iraq's barrages and preventing an Israeli counterattack, thereby ensuring that the coalition's Muslim countries did not withdraw.\n\nOn 23 February 1991, the coalition began a ground offensive into Iraqi-occupied Kuwait and Iraq proper. According to UK Cabinet Office records, the then-Minister of Defense of Israel, Moshe Arens said in a meeting at the White House that the Iraqi attacks had caused \"extensive damage\" in Israel.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-10","wikipedia_revid":1379196818,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-08T14:04:43Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Iraqi_missile_attacks_against_Israel","wikidata_qid":"Q97860712","wikidata_classes":["missile strike","armed conflict","airstrike","bombardment"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q37643","label":"Gulf War","id":"gulf-war"},{"qid":"Q8669","label":"Arab–Israeli conflict","id":"arab-israeli-conflict"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"battle-of-khafji","title":"Battle of Khafji","date_start":"1991-01-29"},{"id":"amiriyah-shelter-bombing","title":"Amiriyah shelter bombing","date_start":"1991-02-13"},{"id":"battle-of-73-easting","title":"Battle of 73 Easting","date_start":"1991-02-26"},{"id":"battle-of-medina-ridge","title":"Battle of Medina Ridge","date_start":"1991-02-27"},{"id":"battle-of-norfolk","title":"Battle of Norfolk","date_start":"1991-02-27"}],"same_time":[{"id":"battle-of-dasman-palace","title":"Battle of Dasman Palace","date_start":"1990-08-02"},{"id":"british-airways-flight-149","title":"British Airways Flight 149","date_start":"1990-08-02"}]}},"2015-al-hawl-offensive":{"extract":"The 2015 al-Hawl offensive was an offensive launched by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) during the Syrian Civil War, in order to capture the strategic town of al-Hawl and the surrounding countryside from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). The offensive consisted of separate operations in three different areas: Tell Brak, al-Hawl, and the southern al-Hasakah city countryside.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1374260568,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-10T21:59:56Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive","wikidata_qid":"Q21405560","wikidata_classes":["offensive","armed conflict"],"date_flags":["date_source_adjusted: Wikidata P585 2015-11-30 equals the item's end time (P582); used P580 start time 2015-10-31"],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q178810","label":"Syrian Civil War","id":"syrian-civil-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"2015-russian-sukhoi-su-24-shootdown","title":"2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown","date_start":"2015-11-24"},{"id":"russian-intervention-in-the-syrian-civil-war","title":"Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war","date_start":"2015-09-30"},{"id":"palmyra-offensive-march-2016","title":"Palmyra offensive (March 2016)","date_start":"2016-03-09"},{"id":"palmyra-offensive-may-2015","title":"Palmyra offensive (May 2015)","date_start":"2015-05-13"},{"id":"battle-of-idlib-2015","title":"Battle of Idlib (2015)","date_start":"2015-03-28"}]}},"february-2018-israel-syria-incident":{"extract":"On 10 February 2018, an Israeli F-16 was shot down by the Syrian air defenses after conducting an air raid on Iran-backed positions inside Syrian territory. The aircraft was part of a larger Israeli aerial dispatch which Israel said was sent in response to detection of an Iranian drone spying on Israel. Two hours after the downing of the jet, Israel began attacking additional targets inside Syria, including air defense sites and Iranian targets near Damascus. Israel stated it destroyed the Syrian military's main command and control bunker. Iran dismissed the Israeli allegation of Iranian drone incursion into Israeli territory as \"ridiculous\".\n\nIt was the first time Israel and Iran confronted each other directly since the Iranian Revolution of 1979 and since the beginning of the Iran–Israel proxy conflict. Israel stated that it was \"the biggest and most significant attack the air force has conducted against Syrian air defenses since the 1982 Lebanon War\". Hezbollah said that the downing of the F-16 was the beginning of \"a new strategic phase\", as it was the first occasion on which Israel lost a jet to an enemy combatant since 1982.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1370618154,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-22T03:14:13Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_2018_Israel%E2%80%93Syria_incident","wikidata_qid":"Q48299278","wikidata_classes":["armed conflict"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q61126993","label":"Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war"},{"qid":"Q17386637","label":"Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents during the Syrian civil war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"israeli-airstrike-on-the-iranian-consulate-in-damascus","title":"Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus","date_start":"2024-04-01"},{"id":"april-2024-iranian-strikes-on-israel","title":"April 2024 Iranian strikes on Israel","date_start":"2024-04-13"}],"same_time":[{"id":"operation-olive-branch","title":"Operation Olive Branch","date_start":"2018-01-20"},{"id":"2017-2018-iranian-protests","title":"2017–2018 Iranian protests","date_start":"2017-12-28"},{"id":"2018-egyptian-presidential-election","title":"2018 Egyptian presidential election","date_start":"2018-03-26"},{"id":"iranian-protests-against-compulsory-hijab","title":"Iranian protests against compulsory hijab","date_start":"2017-12-27"},{"id":"2018-2019-gaza-border-protests","title":"2018–2019 Gaza border protests","date_start":"2018-03-30"}]}},"2021-beirut-clashes":{"extract":"The 2021 Beirut clashes, also known as the Tayouneh Incident or Mini May 7, occurred in the Tayouneh neighborhood of the Lebanese capital of Beirut on 14 October 2021 between Hezbollah and the Amal Movement, and unidentified gunmen allegedly associated with the Lebanese Forces, and the Lebanese Armed Forces, resulting in the death of seven people and injury of 32 others, and the arrest of nine by the Lebanese Armed Forces. The violence erupted during a protest organized by Hezbollah and its allies against Tarek Bitar, the lead judge probing the 2020 explosion in the city's port, as they accuse him of being partisan. The clashes took place at the Justice Palace, located in Eastern Beirut along the former civil war front line between the Christian and Muslim Shiite areas. The clashes were the worst in the country since the 2008 Lebanon conflict.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1380192517,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-14T09:14:56Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Beirut_clashes","wikidata_qid":"Q108891053","wikidata_classes":["armed conflict"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"nearby":[{"id":"assassination-of-saleh-al-arouri","title":"Assassination of Saleh al-Arouri","date_start":"2024-01-02","km":1.5,"bearing":179},{"id":"sabra-and-shatila-massacre","title":"Sabra and Shatila massacre","date_start":"1982-09-16","km":1.7,"bearing":239},{"id":"battle-of-beirut-1912","title":"Battle of Beirut (1912)","date_start":"1912-02-24","km":1.8,"bearing":357},{"id":"2024-hezbollah-headquarters-strike","title":"2024 Hezbollah headquarters strike","date_start":"2024-09-27","km":2.4,"bearing":204},{"id":"siege-of-beirut","title":"Siege of Beirut","date_start":"1982-06-14","km":2.5,"bearing":329}],"same_time":[{"id":"2021-iraqi-parliamentary-election","title":"2021 Iraqi parliamentary election","date_start":"2021-10-10"},{"id":"2021-qatari-general-election","title":"2021 Qatari general election","date_start":"2021-10-02"},{"id":"2021-2022-iraqi-political-crisis","title":"2021–2022 Iraqi political crisis","date_start":"2021-11-05"},{"id":"2021-afghanistan-iran-clashes","title":"2021 Afghanistan–Iran clashes","date_start":"2021-12-01"},{"id":"2021-2022-iranian-protests","title":"2021–2022 Iranian protests","date_start":"2021-07-15"}]}},"2022-abu-dhabi-attack":{"extract":"On 17 January 2022, the Houthi movement in Yemen conducted a terrorist attack using drones and ballistic missiles on the United Arab Emirates, targeting three oil tanker trucks and under-construction airport extension infrastructure in Abu Dhabi. Although several missiles and drones were intercepted, 3 civilians were killed and 6 were injured by a drone attack.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-10","wikipedia_revid":1379578748,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-10T20:47:07Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Abu_Dhabi_attack","wikidata_qid":"Q110602012","wikidata_classes":["drone warfare","armed conflict","airstrike","bombardment"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":true,"findings":[{"guideline":"LABEL","guideline_name":"Contentious labels","shortcut":"MOS:LABEL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AManual_of_Style%2FWords_to_watch&oldid=1376702503#Contentious_labels","phrase":"conducted a terrorist attack","note":"Uses \"terrorist\" for the Houthi attack, in the defining sentence, in Wikipedia's own voice, without saying who uses the label."}],"highlights":["conducted a terrorist attack"]},"highlights":[{"text":"conducted a terrorist attack","kind":"wording"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q48803021","label":"Terrorism in the United Arab Emirates"},{"qid":"Q19686631","label":"Yemeni Civil War","id":"yemeni-civil-war-2014-present"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"2020-aden-airport-attack","title":"2020 Aden airport attack","date_start":"2020-12-30"},{"id":"red-sea-crisis","title":"Red Sea crisis","date_start":"2023-10-19"},{"id":"2026-yemen-offensives","title":"2026 Yemen offensives","date_start":"2026-09-03"},{"id":"houthi-saudi-conflict","title":"Houthi–Saudi conflict","date_start":"2015-04-02"},{"id":"saudi-arabian-led-intervention-in-yemen","title":"Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war","date_start":"2015-03-26"}],"same_time":[{"id":"2021-afghanistan-iran-clashes","title":"2021 Afghanistan–Iran clashes","date_start":"2021-12-01"},{"id":"negev-summit","title":"Negev Summit","date_start":"2022-03-27"},{"id":"2021-2022-iraqi-political-crisis","title":"2021–2022 Iraqi political crisis","date_start":"2021-11-05"},{"id":"2022-al-aqsa-clashes","title":"2022 Al-Aqsa clashes","date_start":"2022-04-15"},{"id":"2021-beirut-clashes","title":"2021 Beirut clashes","date_start":"2021-10-14"}]}},"2023-turkish-presidential-election":{"extract":"Presidential elections were held in Turkey in May 2023, alongside parliamentary elections, to elect a president for a term of five years. Dubbed the most important election of 2023,\n\nthe presidential election went to a run-off for the first time in Turkish history. The election had originally been scheduled to take place on 18 June, but the government moved them forward by a month to avoid coinciding with the university exams, the Hajj pilgrimage and the start of the summer holidays. It is estimated that a total of 64 million voters had the right to cast their votes in elections, 60.9 million in Turkey and 3.2 million abroad.\n\nIncumbent president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan of the Justice and Development Party (AK Party) ran for re-election as the joint candidate of the People's Alliance, which includes the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) and two other smaller parties. The Nation Alliance, composed of six opposition parties including the main opposition Republican People's Party (CHP), fielded CHP leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu as its presidential candidate. Though not part of the alliance, the pro-Kurdish Party of Greens and the Left Future (YSGP) and the Labour and Freedom Alliance (of which it is a member) endorsed Kılıçdaroğlu. Two other minor candidates, namely Homeland Party leader Muharrem İnce and anti-immigration ultranationalist Ancestral Alliance nominee Sinan Oğan, also reached the required 100,000 signatures to stand; however, three days before the election, İnce withdrew from the election citing consistent slander and smear campaigns against him by rival candidates, though he still appeared on ballots.\n\nThe main campaign issues revolved around the deadly February 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake, which left over 50,000 people dead and threatened to postpone the election date. The government was criticised by opposition politicians for its slow response to the earthquake and land amnesties prior to it that critics claimed left buildings more vulnerable. The economy also featured prominently due to the rapidly rising cost of living. In most polls, voters identified the economy as their prime area of concern.\n\nIn the first round Erdoğan and Oğan outperformed expectations to receive 49.5% and 5.2% of the vote respectively, while Kılıçdaroğlu received 44.9% and Muharrem İnce (who remained on the ballot despite withdrawing) 0.4%. As Erdoğan's vote share was 0.5% short of winning outright, he and Kılıçdaroğlu contested a run-off vote on 28 May. Oğan endorsed Erdoğan, while the elements of Ancestral Alliance split their support, as Victory Party leader Ümit Özdağ endorsed Kılıçdaroğlu and My Country Party leader Neşet Doğan endorsed Erdoğan. Erdoğan would be re-elected to a third term with 52.2% of the vote in the runoff.\n\nThis was incumbent President's Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's eleventh election victory in a row going back to his election as Mayor of Istanbul in 1994. His victory was seen as a continuation of his nearly three-decades dominance over Turkish politics. In contrast, following Kılıçdaroğlu's narrow defeat, he was voted out as the leader of the CHP in November.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1375631197,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-19T01:07:58Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Turkish_presidential_election","wikidata_qid":"Q55636316","wikidata_classes":["presidential election in Turkey","public election"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q111594736","label":"2023 Turkish general election","id":"2023-turkish-general-election"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"2023-turkish-parliamentary-election","title":"2023 Turkish parliamentary election","date_start":"2023-05-14"}],"same_time":[{"id":"2023-israel-palestine-tensions","title":"2023 Israel–Palestine tensions","date_start":"2023-04-05"},{"id":"july-2023-jenin-incursion","title":"July 2023 Jenin incursion","date_start":"2023-07-03"},{"id":"2023-iran-drone-attacks","title":"2023 Iran drone attacks","date_start":"2023-01-28"},{"id":"2023-neve-yaakov-shooting","title":"2023 Neve Yaakov shooting","date_start":"2023-01-27"},{"id":"2023-homs-drone-strike","title":"2023 Homs drone strike","date_start":"2023-10-05"}]}}}