{"gaza-war-2008-09":{"extract":"The Gaza War, also known as the First Gaza War, Operation Cast Lead, or the Gaza Massacre, and referred to as the Battle of al-Furqan by Hamas, was a three-week armed conflict between Gaza Strip Palestinian paramilitary groups and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) that began on 27 December 2008 and ended on 18 January 2009 with a unilateral ceasefire. The conflict resulted in 1,166–1,417 Palestinian and 13 Israeli deaths. Over 46,000 homes were destroyed in Gaza, making more than 100,000 people homeless.\n\nA six month long ceasefire between Israel and Hamas ended on 4 November, when the IDF entered Deir al-Balah to destroy a tunnel, killing several Hamas militants. Israel said the raid was a preemptive strike in the wake of Hamas intentions to abduct Israeli soldiers, while Hamas characterized it as a ceasefire violation, and responded with rocket fire into Israel. Attempts to renew a truce between Israel and Hamas were unsuccessful. On 27 December, Israel began Operation Cast Lead with the stated aim of stopping rocket fire. Israel attacked police stations, military targets including weapons caches and suspected rocket firing teams, as well as political and administrative institutions in Gaza, Khan Yunis and Rafah. After hostilities broke out, Palestinian groups fired rockets in retaliation. The international community considers indiscriminate attacks on civilians and civilian structures as illegal under international law.\n\nThe Israeli ground invasion began on 3 January. On 5 January, the IDF began operating in densely populated urban centers of Gaza. During the last week of the offensive (from 12 January), Israel struck Palestinian rocket-launching units. Hamas intensified its rocket and mortar attacks against civilian targets in southern Israel, reaching Beersheba and Ashdod. The conflict ended on 18 January. The IDF declared a unilateral ceasefire, followed by Hamas' announcing a one-week ceasefire twelve hours later. The IDF completed its withdrawal on 21 January.\n\nIn September 2009, a UN special mission, headed by the South African Justice Richard Goldstone, produced a report accusing both Palestinian militants and the Israeli army of war crimes and possible crimes against humanity, and recommended bringing those responsible to justice. In 2011, Goldstone wrote that he did not believe that Israel intentionally targeted civilians in Gaza as a matter of policy. The other authors of the report, Hina Jilani, Christine Chinkin, and Desmond Travers, stated that no new evidence had been gathered to dispute the report's findings. On 21 September 2012, the United Nations Human Rights Council wrote that 75% of the homes damaged in the attacks remained in a state of disrepair.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1380030113,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-13T10:40:51Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)","wikidata_qid":"Q170682","wikidata_classes":["war","military operation","armed conflict"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"country-fallback:Israel/Palestine","text_from_article":null,"hand_picked":true,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q553184","label":"Gaza–Israel conflict","id":"gaza-israel-conflict"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"operation-hot-winter","title":"Operation Hot Winter","date_start":"2008-03-03"},{"id":"2011-southern-israel-cross-border-attacks","title":"2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks","date_start":"2011-08-18"},{"id":"march-2012-gaza-israel-clashes","title":"March 2012 Gaza–Israel clashes","date_start":"2012-01-01"},{"id":"2012-gaza-war","title":"2012 Gaza War","date_start":"2012-11-14"},{"id":"2014-gaza-war","title":"2014 Gaza War","date_start":"2014-01-01"}],"same_time":[{"id":"george-w-bush-shoe-throwing-incident","title":"George W. Bush shoe-throwing incident","date_start":"2008-12-14"},{"id":"2009-israeli-legislative-election","title":"2009 Israeli legislative election","date_start":"2009-02-10"},{"id":"2009-khan-el-khalili-bombing","title":"2009 Khan el-Khalili bombing","date_start":"2009-02-22"},{"id":"south-yemen-insurgency","title":"South Yemen insurgency","date_start":"2009-04-27"},{"id":"2009-lebanese-general-election","title":"2009 Lebanese general election","date_start":"2009-06-07"}]}},"musa-dagh-resistance":{"extract":"Musa Dagh (Turkish: Musa Dağı; Armenian: Մուսա լեռ, romanized: Musa leṛ; Arabic: جبل موسى, romanized: Jebel Musa; meaning \"Moses Mountain\") is a mountain in the Hatay Province of Turkey. In 1915, it was the location of a successful Armenian resistance to the Armenian genocide, an event that inspired Franz Werfel to write the novel The Forty Days of Musa Dagh.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1381716499,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-24T09:14:59Z","data_fixes":[{"ref":"F11","anchor":"f11---pins-that-were-another-items-location-owners-rule-an-event-is-pinned-only-at-its-own-location"}],"wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musa_Dagh","wikidata_qid":"Q19831524","wikidata_classes":["battle","siege","rebellion"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":"Musa Dagh","date_precision":"month","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q80034","label":"Armenian Genocide","id":"armenian-genocide"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"urfa-resistance","title":"Urfa resistance","date_start":"1915-09-29"}]}},"siege-of-basra":{"extract":"The siege of Basra, code-named Operation Karbala-5 or The Great Harvest (Arabic: الحصاد الأكبر), was an offensive operation carried out by Iran in an effort to capture the Iraqi port city of Basra in early 1987. This battle, known for its extensive casualties and ferocious conditions, was the biggest battle of the war and proved to be the last major Iranian offensive. The Iranians failed to reach their objective.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1370739316,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-22T21:06:16Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Basra","wikidata_qid":"Q19996727","wikidata_classes":["siege"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q82664","label":"Iran–Iraq War","id":"iran-iraq-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"operation-earnest-will","title":"Operation Earnest Will","date_start":"1987-07-24"},{"id":"operation-prime-chance","title":"Operation Prime Chance","date_start":"1987-08-01"},{"id":"first-battle-of-al-faw","title":"First Battle of al-Faw","date_start":"1986-02-11"},{"id":"operation-praying-mantis","title":"Operation Praying Mantis","date_start":"1988-04-18"},{"id":"operation-mersad","title":"Operation Mersad","date_start":"1988-07-26"}]}},"battle-of-medina-ridge":{"extract":"The Battle of Medina Ridge was a tank battle fought on February 27, 1991, during the Gulf War, between the U.S. 1st Armored Division and the 2nd Brigade of the Iraqi Republican Guard's Medina Luminous Division outside Basra, Iraq. The U.S. 3rd Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division, another major contributor, led the attack. Iraq's Motorized Division also participated. Medina Ridge is the name American troops gave to an approximately seven miles (11 km) long low rise.\n\nThe battle was fought for over two hours, making it the largest tank battle of the Gulf War. The battle took place west of phase line Kiwi, east of phase line Smash, and north of phase line Grape. Phase lines are map references occurring every few kilometers used to measure progress of an offensive operation.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1372342879,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-31T09:47:55Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Medina_Ridge","wikidata_qid":"Q1634629","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q37643","label":"Gulf War","id":"gulf-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"battle-of-norfolk","title":"Battle of Norfolk","date_start":"1991-02-27"},{"id":"battle-of-73-easting","title":"Battle of 73 Easting","date_start":"1991-02-26"},{"id":"amiriyah-shelter-bombing","title":"Amiriyah shelter bombing","date_start":"1991-02-13"},{"id":"battle-of-khafji","title":"Battle of Khafji","date_start":"1991-01-29"},{"id":"1991-iraqi-missile-attacks-against-israel","title":"1991 Iraqi missile attacks against Israel","date_start":"1991-01-17"}]}},"second-battle-of-fallujah":{"extract":"The Second Battle of Fallujah, initially codenamed Operation Phantom Fury, Operation al-Fajr (Arabic: الفجر, lit. 'The Dawn') was an American-led offensive of the Iraq War that began on 7 November 2004 and lasted about six weeks.\n\nA joint military effort of the United States, the Iraqi Interim Government, and the United Kingdom, the battle was the war's first major engagement fought solely against the Iraqi insurgency, not the military forces of the Ba'athist Iraq government.\n\nOperation Phantom Fury took place seven months after the First Battle of Fallujah, an attempt to capture or kill insurgent elements involved in the 2004 Fallujah ambush that killed four employees of the private military contractor Blackwater. After that battle, control of the city was transferred to an Iraqi-run local security force, which began stockpiling weapons and building complex defenses.\n\nLed by the U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Army, the Second Battle of Fallujah was later described as \"some of the heaviest urban combat Marines and Soldiers have been involved in since Huế City in Vietnam in 1968\" and as the toughest battle the U.S. military has been in since the end of the Vietnam War. It was the single bloodiest and fiercest battle of the entire conflict, including for American troops. It was also noted for the use of white phosphorus by U.S. forces.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1380787201,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-17T22:02:05Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Fallujah","wikidata_qid":"Q1330136","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q6722016","label":"occupation of Iraq"},{"qid":"Q545449","label":"Iraq War","id":"iraq-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"battle-of-samarra-2004","title":"Battle of Samarra (2004)","date_start":"2004-10-01"},{"id":"first-battle-of-fallujah","title":"First Battle of Fallujah","date_start":"2004-04-04"},{"id":"abu-ghraib-torture-and-prisoner-abuse","title":"Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse","date_start":"2004-04-01"},{"id":"battle-of-najaf-2004","title":"Battle of Najaf (2004)","date_start":"2004-01-01"},{"id":"capture-of-saddam-hussein","title":"Capture of Saddam Hussein","date_start":"2003-12-13"}],"nearby":[{"id":"fall-of-fallujah","title":"Fall of Fallujah","date_start":"2013-12-30","km":2.4,"bearing":320},{"id":"third-battle-of-fallujah","title":"Third Battle of Fallujah","date_start":"2016-05-22","km":2.4,"bearing":320},{"id":"assassination-of-qasem-soleimani","title":"Assassination of Qasem Soleimani","date_start":"2020-01-03","km":45.1,"bearing":103},{"id":"battles-of-ramadi-1917","title":"Battles of Ramadi (1917)","date_start":"1917-01-01","km":45.5,"bearing":280},{"id":"battle-of-ramadi-2014-2015","title":"Battle of Ramadi (2014–2015)","date_start":"2014-11-21","km":45.5,"bearing":280}],"same_time":[{"id":"2005-palestinian-presidential-election","title":"2005 Palestinian presidential election","date_start":"2005-01-09"},{"id":"january-2005-iraqi-parliamentary-election","title":"January 2005 Iraqi parliamentary election","date_start":"2005-01-30"},{"id":"assassination-of-rafic-hariri","title":"Assassination of Rafic Hariri","date_start":"2005-02-14"},{"id":"cedar-revolution","title":"Cedar Revolution","date_start":"2005-02-14"},{"id":"2004-sinai-bombings","title":"2004 Sinai bombings","date_start":"2004-10-07"}]}},"2012-homs-offensive":{"extract":"The 2012 Homs offensive was a Syrian Army offensive in early February 2012 on the armed rebellion stronghold of Homs. The offensive occurred within the scope of the Siege of Homs and ended with an U.N. brokered ceasefire on 14 April 2012.\n\nThe offensive began by artillery bombardment by the Syrian armed forces in response to an attack by the Free Syrian Army on Syrian Army checkpoints on 3 February 2012, killing 10 soldiers. Government forces then began to bombard the city using tanks, helicopters, and artillery, rockets and mortars. The Syrian government has denied that the bombardment is indiscriminate and blamed \"armed groups\" for the civilian deaths, including the deaths of foreign journalists.\n\nHeavy shelling continued on 29 February, as the Syrian armed forces launched a ground operation to restore control of the Baba Amr neighbourhood. The Syrian government announced that the army was being sent into the area and were \"cleaning\" it from rebel fighters, and that the operation would be over in a matter of hours. At this stage, water supplies, electricity and communications were entirely cut off in the Baba Amr district according to opposition activists. Heavy clashes continued throughout the day, as the Syrian Army's 4th Armoured Division sent in tanks and infantry. Baba Amr was finally secured by the Syrian army on the morning of 1 March, as rebel forces claimed they had made a \"tactical retreat\" from the area, after running low on weapons and ammunition.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1371039293,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-24T06:22:18Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Homs_offensive","wikidata_qid":"Q1199275","wikidata_classes":["massacre"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":true,"findings":[{"guideline":"SAID","guideline_name":"Synonyms for \"said\"","shortcut":"MOS:SAID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AManual_of_Style%2FWords_to_watch&oldid=1376702503#Synonyms_for_said","phrase":"rebel forces claimed they had made a","note":"The rebels \"claimed\" a tactical retreat, while the government \"announced\" its operation."}],"highlights":["rebel forces claimed they had made a"]},"highlights":[{"text":"rebel forces claimed they had made a","kind":"wording"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q1071119","label":"Siege of Homs","id":"siege-of-homs"}],"related":{"nearby":[{"id":"2024-homs-offensive","title":"2024 Homs offensive","date_start":"2024-12-05","km":0.7,"bearing":67},{"id":"2023-homs-drone-strike","title":"2023 Homs drone strike","date_start":"2023-10-05","km":3.1,"bearing":320},{"id":"houla-massacre","title":"Houla massacre","date_start":"2012-05-25","km":24.9,"bearing":314},{"id":"2017-shayrat-missile-strike","title":"2017 Shayrat missile strike","date_start":"2017-04-07","km":32.1,"bearing":145},{"id":"siege-of-talkalakh-may-2011","title":"Siege of Talkalakh (May 2011)","date_start":"2011-05-14","km":42.4,"bearing":262}],"same_time":[{"id":"2012-syrian-parliamentary-election","title":"2012 Syrian parliamentary election","date_start":"2012-05-07"},{"id":"2012-syrian-constitutional-referendum","title":"2012 Syrian constitutional referendum","date_start":"2012-02-26"},{"id":"2012-egyptian-presidential-election","title":"2012 Egyptian presidential election","date_start":"2012-06-16"},{"id":"port-said-stadium-riot","title":"Port Said Stadium riot","date_start":"2012-02-01"},{"id":"battle-of-damascus-2012","title":"Battle of Damascus (2012)","date_start":"2012-07-15"}]}},"2014-kidnapping-and-murders-of-israeli-teenagers":{"extract":"The 2014 Gush Etzion kidnapping and murder refers to the abduction and killing of three Israeli teenagers in the West Bank during June 2014. The victims, Eyal Yifrach, Gilad Shaer, and Naftali Fraenkel, were Israeli students aged 16 and 19. On the evening of 12 June 2014, the three teenagers were hitchhiking in the Alon Shvut settlement in Gush Etzion, in the West Bank when they were abducted.\n\nThe Israel Defense Forces immediately initiated Operation Brother's Keeper (Hebrew: מבצע שובו אחים, romanized: Mivtza Shuvu Ahim) in search of the three teenagers. On 30 June, their bodies were found in a shallow grave near the town of Halhul. Israeli authorities accused two members of the Palestinian militant group Hamas, Marwan Qawasmeh and Amer Abu Aisha, of carrying out the abduction and murder. As part of the operation, Israel arrested around 350 Palestinians, including nearly all of Hamas' West Bank leaders. The suspects were killed during a standoff with Israeli security forces on 23 September 2014, leading to the end of the operation.\n\nThe incident gained significant international attention and escalated tensions between Israelis and Palestinians, leading to an increase in violence and retaliatory actions and eventually triggering the 2014 Gaza War.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1373125386,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-04T04:55:44Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_kidnapping_and_murders_of_Israeli_teenagers","wikidata_qid":"Q17195247","wikidata_classes":["kidnapping","murder","terrorist attack"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"nearby":[{"id":"kfar-etzion-massacre","title":"Kfar Etzion massacre","date_start":"1948-05-13","km":0.9,"bearing":226},{"id":"israeli-declaration-of-independence","title":"Israeli Declaration of Independence","date_start":"1948-05-14","km":3.9,"bearing":146},{"id":"siege-of-the-church-of-the-nativity","title":"Siege of the Church of the Nativity","date_start":"2002-04-02","km":9.8,"bearing":55},{"id":"1929-hebron-massacre","title":"1929 Hebron massacre","date_start":"1929-08-24","km":14.2,"bearing":190},{"id":"semiramis-hotel-bombing","title":"Semiramis Hotel bombing","date_start":"1948-01-05","km":14.5,"bearing":34}],"same_time":[{"id":"camp-speicher-massacre","title":"Camp Speicher massacre","date_start":"2014-06-12"},{"id":"war-against-the-islamic-state","title":"War against the Islamic State","date_start":"2014-06-13"},{"id":"2014-israeli-presidential-election","title":"2014 Israeli presidential election","date_start":"2014-06-10"},{"id":"fall-of-mosul","title":"Fall of Mosul","date_start":"2014-06-04"},{"id":"2014-syrian-presidential-election","title":"2014 Syrian presidential election","date_start":"2014-06-03"}]}},"bahrain-israel-normalization-agreement":{"extract":"The Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement, officially Abraham Accords: Declaration of Peace, Cooperation, and Constructive Diplomatic and Friendly Relations, is an agreement to normalize diplomatic and other relations between Bahrain and Israel. The agreement was announced by President Donald Trump on September 11, 2020, and followed on from a joint statement, officially referred to as the Abraham Accords, by the United States, Israel and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) on August 13, 2020. It was formally signed on September 15, 2020, at the White House in Washington, D.C., and made Bahrain the fourth Arab state to recognize Israel and the second within a month.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1368279050,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-08T03:27:07Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Israel_normalization_agreement","wikidata_qid":"Q99207513","wikidata_classes":["peace treaty","treaty"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q99495661","label":"Abraham Accords","id":"abraham-accords"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"israel-united-arab-emirates-normalization-agreement","title":"Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement","date_start":"2020-09-15"}],"same_time":[{"id":"2020-iranian-legislative-election","title":"2020 Iranian legislative election","date_start":"2020-09-11"},{"id":"2020-beirut-explosion","title":"2020 Beirut explosion","date_start":"2020-08-04"},{"id":"2020-syrian-parliamentary-election","title":"2020 Syrian parliamentary election","date_start":"2020-07-19"},{"id":"2020-g20-riyadh-summit","title":"2020 G20 Riyadh summit","date_start":"2020-11-21"},{"id":"2020-aden-airport-attack","title":"2020 Aden airport attack","date_start":"2020-12-30"}]}},"battle-of-tel-hai":{"extract":"The Battle of Tel Hai was fought on 1 March 1920 between Arab and Jewish forces at the village of Tel Hai in Northern Galilee. In the course of the event, a Shiite Arab militia, accompanied by Bedouin from a nearby village, entered the Jewish agricultural locality of Tel Hai in search of French soldiers, believing that the Jews were allied with the French and protecting their forces. Confusion over the presence of the militias subsequently led to shots being fired and a firefight breaking out. In the aftermath of the fighting, eight Jews and five Arabs were killed. Joseph Trumpeldor, the commander of Jewish defenders of Tel Hai, was shot in the hand and stomach, and died while being evacuated to Kfar Giladi that evening. Tel Hai was eventually abandoned by the Jews and burned by the Arab militia.\n\nThe event is perceived by some scholars as part of the Franco-Syrian War and by some as an outbreak of violence in the later developing intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1381307387,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-21T14:01:14Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tel_Hai","wikidata_qid":"Q4872527","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q2992527","label":"Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine"},{"qid":"Q2992403","label":"Franco-Syrian War","id":"franco-syrian-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"1920-capture-of-damascus","title":"1920 capture of Damascus","date_start":"1920-07-24"},{"id":"battle-of-maysalun","title":"Battle of Maysalun","date_start":"1920-07-24"},{"id":"jaffa-riots-may-1921","title":"Jaffa riots (May 1921)","date_start":"1921-05-01"},{"id":"1929-palestine-riots","title":"1929 Palestine riots","date_start":"1929-08-23"},{"id":"1936-39-arab-revolt-in-palestine","title":"1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine","date_start":"1936-04-19"}],"same_time":[{"id":"1920-nebi-musa-riots","title":"1920 Nebi Musa riots","date_start":"1920-04-04"},{"id":"battle-of-marash","title":"Battle of Marash","date_start":"1920-01-21"},{"id":"san-remo-conference","title":"San Remo conference","date_start":"1920-04-19"},{"id":"treaty-of-s-vres","title":"Treaty of Sèvres","date_start":"1920-08-10"}]}},"1960-turkish-coup-d-etat":{"extract":"The 1960 Turkish coup d'état (Turkish: 27 Mayıs Darbesi), also known as the 27 May Revolution (Turkish: 27 Mayıs İhtilali or 27 Mayıs Devrimi), was the first coup d'état in the Republic of Turkey. It took place on 27 May 1960. The coup was staged by a group of 38 young Turkish military officers, acting outside the military chain of command. The officers were de facto led by Cemal Madanoğlu until the actual coup date. After a threat by Ragıp Gümüşpala that he would move to quell the coup unless it was led by someone with a higher military rank than himself, the officers brought in General Cemal Gürsel as their leader. The coup was carried out against the democratically elected government of the Democrat Party, and ultimately resulted in the execution of its prime minister, Adnan Menderes, alongside two of his ministers, Fatin Rüştü Zorlu and Hasan Polatkan.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1370101136,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-19T03:11:22Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_Turkish_coup_d'%C3%A9tat","wikidata_qid":"Q1859259","wikidata_classes":["coup d'état"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false}},"iraqi-conflict":{"extract":"The Iraqi conflict is a series of violent events that began with the 2003 American-led invasion of Iraq and deposition of Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein, followed by a series of conflicts including the protracted Iraq War (2003–2011), the Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013), the War in Iraq (2013–2017), and most recently, the small-scale Islamic State insurgency in 4 provinces located in Northern Iraq since 2017.\n\nIn the ensuing 2003–2011 Iraq War, the Multi-National Force (MNF–I) led by the United States helped to establish a Shia-dominated federal government, which was soon opposed by an Iraqi insurgency. Insurgent groups mostly fought the new government and MNF-I, but also each other, mostly along sectarian lines between Shias and Sunnis. In 2011, the MNF–I withdrew from Iraq, leading to renewed sectarian violence and enabling the emergence of the Islamic State (IS). The renewed war drew an American-led intervention in 2014. The most recent war in the country, up until the 2026 Iran war, came to a close in 2017 as the Iraqi government and its allies largely defeated the IS, which was followed by a low-level IS insurgency in certain rural northern parts of the country. The country then had been drawn into the 2026 regional war in the Middle East between the US, Israel and Iran, experiencing airstrikes from both sides of the war, along with militia attacks on U.S. bases and allies across the region.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-01","wikipedia_revid":1378042527,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-02T16:40:58Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_conflict","wikidata_qid":"Q47015896","wikidata_classes":["war"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q18357664","label":"Operation Inherent Resolve","id":"operation-inherent-resolve"},{"qid":"Q185729","label":"War on Terrorism"}],"includes":[{"id":"iraq-war","title":"Iraq War","date_start":"2003-03-20"},{"id":"iraqi-insurgency-2017-present","title":"Iraqi insurgency (2017–present)","date_start":"2017-12-09"},{"id":"2019-2021-iraqi-protests","title":"2019–2021 Iraqi protests","date_start":"2019-10-01"},{"id":"2021-2022-iraqi-political-crisis","title":"2021–2022 Iraqi political crisis","date_start":"2021-11-05"}],"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"anbar-campaign-2003-2011","title":"Anbar campaign (2003–2011)","date_start":"2003-03-20"},{"id":"battle-of-al-faw-2003","title":"Battle of Al Faw (2003)","date_start":"2003-03-20"},{"id":"invasion-of-iraq","title":"2003 invasion of Iraq","date_start":"2003-03-20"},{"id":"battle-of-basra-2003","title":"Battle of Basra (2003)","date_start":"2003-03-21"},{"id":"battle-of-umm-qasr","title":"Battle of Umm Qasr","date_start":"2003-03-21"}]}},"2003-nasiriyah-bombing":{"extract":"The 2003 Nasiriyah bombing was a suicide attack on the Italian Carabinieri Multinational Specialized Unit (MSU) headquarters in Nasiriyah, Iraq, south of Baghdad on 12 November 2003. The attack resulted in the deaths of 18 Italian servicemembers, mostly members of the MSU, an Italian civilian, and 9 Iraqi civilians and was the worst Italian military disaster since World War II. The attack, labeled a \"terrorist act\" by Italian president Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, was among a string of many attacks on non-American military international targets in Iraq that occurred shortly after the end of major combat operations, including the Jordanian and Turkish embassies, ICRC, and UN facilities.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1368818177,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-11T07:44:10Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_Nasiriyah_bombing","wikidata_qid":"Q3629102","wikidata_classes":["suicide bombing","suicide car bombing","terrorist attack"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"capture-of-saddam-hussein","title":"Capture of Saddam Hussein","date_start":"2003-12-13"},{"id":"maxim-restaurant-suicide-bombing","title":"Maxim restaurant suicide bombing","date_start":"2003-10-04"},{"id":"canal-hotel-bombing","title":"Canal Hotel bombing","date_start":"2003-08-19"},{"id":"2004-ashura-massacre","title":"2004 Ashura massacre","date_start":"2004-03-02"},{"id":"first-battle-of-fallujah","title":"First Battle of Fallujah","date_start":"2004-04-04"}]}},"arab-israeli-conflict":{"extract":"Since the declaration of Israel's establishment in 1948, conflict has existed between Israel and the surrounding Arab countries, rooted in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Zionists viewed the region of Palestine as the Jewish ancestral homeland and sought to establish a Jewish state or homeland there through colonization, while Arabs generally opposed Zionism, envisioning Palestine as Arab Palestinian land and an essential part of the Arab world.\n\nBy 1920, sectarian conflict had begun following the first, second, and third waves of Zionist migration to Palestine and the Franco-British occupation and administration (1918–1920) of the former territories of Ottoman Syria (1516–1918) and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire after World War I. In 1920, following agreements including the 1916 Sykes–Picot treaty between Britain and France, the McMahon–Hussein correspondence, and the Balfour Declaration, which expressed British support for \"the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people\", the League of Nations accorded the Mandate for Palestine to the British, establishing British rule in Mandatory Palestine (1920–1948).\n\nThe intercommunal violence escalated into civil war in 1947 after the United Nations' adoption of the Partition Plan for Palestine, and then into an international war in 1948 with the May 14 declaration of the establishment of Israel, the expiration of British Mandate at midnight, and the entry of Arab regular armies the following morning. The 1948 Palestine war ended with the 1949 Armistice Agreements, which established the Green Line. More wars followed in 1956, 1967, 1973, and 1982.\n\nSeveral peace treaties and other diplomatic and economic accords were signed over the subsequent half-century. In 2002, the Arab League proposed the Arab Peace Initiative, although diplomatic activity between Israel and individual Arab countries involved ceasefires and later formal relations with some. By 2020, the Abraham Accords further calmed relations. Conflicts between Israel and various Palestinian factions ebbed and flowed, including the 1987–1993 First Intifada, Israel's intervention in the 1975–1990 Lebanese Civil War to oust the Palestine Liberation Organization from Lebanon, the 2000–2005 Second Intifada, the 2011–2024 Syrian civil war, and most recently the October 7 attacks in 2023 and ensuing Gaza war.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1381331407,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-21T17:52:51Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict","wikidata_qid":"Q8669","wikidata_classes":["ethnic conflict","international conflict","political crisis","international crisis"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"includes":[{"id":"suez-crisis","title":"Suez Crisis","date_start":"1956-10-29"},{"id":"six-day-war","title":"Six-Day War","date_start":"1967-06-05"},{"id":"war-of-attrition","title":"War of Attrition","date_start":"1967-07-01"},{"id":"black-september-in-jordan","title":"Black September","date_start":"1970-09-06"},{"id":"sabena-flight-571","title":"Sabena Flight 571","date_start":"1972-05-08"},{"id":"lebanese-civil-war","title":"Lebanese Civil War","date_start":"1975-04-13"},{"id":"operation-opera","title":"Operation Opera","date_start":"1981-06-07"},{"id":"1982-lebanon-war","title":"1982 Lebanon War","date_start":"1982-06-06"},{"id":"israeli-withdrawal-from-lebanon","title":"South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)","date_start":"1985-02-16"},{"id":"1991-iraqi-missile-attacks-against-israel","title":"1991 Iraqi missile attacks against Israel","date_start":"1991-01-17"},{"id":"operation-accountability","title":"Operation Accountability","date_start":"1993-07-25"},{"id":"operation-grapes-of-wrath","title":"Operation Grapes of Wrath","date_start":"1996-04-27"},{"id":"israeli-lebanese-conflict","title":"Israeli–Lebanese conflict","date_start":"2000-01-01"},{"id":"2004-israeli-operation-in-rafah","title":"2004 Israeli operation in Rafah","date_start":"2004-05-12"},{"id":"2004-israeli-operation-in-the-northern-gaza-strip","title":"2004 Israeli operation in the northern Gaza Strip","date_start":"2004-09-29"},{"id":"2006-lebanon-war","title":"2006 Lebanon War","date_start":"2006-07-12"},{"id":"syria-missile-strikes-september-2018","title":"Syria missile strikes (September 2018)","date_start":"2018-09-17"},{"id":"2024-lebanon-electronic-device-attacks","title":"2024 Lebanon electronic device attacks","date_start":"2024-09-18"},{"id":"august-2025-israeli-attack-on-sanaa","title":"August 2025 Israeli attack on Sanaa","date_start":"2025-08-28"}],"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"gaza-israel-conflict","title":"Gaza–Israel conflict","date_start":"1948-05-15"},{"id":"israeli-declaration-of-independence","title":"Israeli Declaration of Independence","date_start":"1948-05-14"},{"id":"kfar-etzion-massacre","title":"Kfar Etzion massacre","date_start":"1948-05-13"},{"id":"battles-of-latrun-1948","title":"Battles of Latrun (1948)","date_start":"1948-05-24"},{"id":"operation-pleshet","title":"Operation Pleshet","date_start":"1948-05-29"}]}},"1961-israeli-legislative-election":{"extract":"Elections for the fifth Knesset were held in Israel on 15 August 1961. Voter turnout was 81.6%.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1335062269,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-01-27T03:31:00Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961_Israeli_legislative_election","wikidata_qid":"Q2916994","wikidata_classes":["Israeli legislative election","public election"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false}},"2011-british-embassy-in-iran-attack":{"extract":"On 29 November 2011, a crowd of Iranian protesters gathered outside the British Embassy in the central Jomhouri district of Tehran before a faction of hardline students and demonstrators stormed the compound and a separate British diplomatic site in northern Tehran known as Gholhak Garden.\n\nThe attack came several days after Iran's parliament voted to downgrade diplomatic ties with the UK in retaliation for Britain's role in pushing stringent new financial sanctions targeting the Central Bank of Iran and broader economy, measures tied directly to an International Atomic Energy Agency report highlighting evidence of weaponization in Iran's nuclear program, which had inflamed longstanding anti-Western sentiments and accusations of colonial interference. What began as a sanctioned rally demanding the expulsion of the British ambassador quickly escalated as protesters breached the embassy walls, chanted slogans like \"Death to England,\" \"Death to America,\" and \"Death to Israel,\" ripped down the Union Jack, and ransacked offices.\n\nThe event shocked the international community, evoked memories of the 1979 U.S. embassy hostage crisis, and prompted swift condemnation from Tehran while raising suspicions of tacit official approval given the delayed police response.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1367483154,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-03T09:59:19Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_British_Embassy_in_Iran_attack","wikidata_qid":"Q1362436","wikidata_classes":["attack","vandalism","demonstration"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"nearby":[{"id":"2017-tehran-attacks","title":"2017 Tehran attacks","date_start":"2017-06-07","km":0.4,"bearing":91},{"id":"tehran-conference","title":"Tehran Conference","date_start":"1943-11-28","km":0.5,"bearing":303},{"id":"iran-hostage-crisis","title":"Iran hostage crisis","date_start":"1979-11-04","km":1.4,"bearing":20},{"id":"assassination-of-ali-khamenei","title":"Assassination of Ali Khamenei","date_start":"2026-02-28","km":1.9,"bearing":255},{"id":"assassination-of-ali-larijani","title":"Assassination of Ali Larijani","date_start":"2026-03-17","km":1.9,"bearing":255}],"same_time":[{"id":"2011-12-egyptian-parliamentary-election","title":"2011–12 Egyptian parliamentary election","date_start":"2011-11-28"},{"id":"port-said-stadium-riot","title":"Port Said Stadium riot","date_start":"2012-02-01"},{"id":"2012-syrian-constitutional-referendum","title":"2012 Syrian constitutional referendum","date_start":"2012-02-26"},{"id":"2011-southern-israel-cross-border-attacks","title":"2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks","date_start":"2011-08-18"},{"id":"2012-homs-offensive","title":"2012 Homs offensive","date_start":"2012-04-14"}]}},"2021-syrian-presidential-election":{"extract":"Presidential elections were held in Syria on 26 May 2021, with expatriates able to vote in some embassies abroad on 20 May. This was the last presidential election to be held in Ba'athist Syria, prior to its overthrow following the 2024 Syrian opposition offensive.\n\nThe three candidates were incumbent president Bashar al-Assad, Mahmoud Ahmad Marei and Abdullah Sallum Abdullah. The elections were considered not to be free and fair. The United Nations condemned the elections as an illegitimate process with \"no mandate\"; accusing the Ba'athist regime of undermining UN Resolution 2254 and for obstructing the UN-backed political solution that calls for a \"free and fair elections\" under international monitoring.\n\nPrior to the elections, several countries and intergovernmental organisations expressed concerns about the fairness and legitimacy of the election, and stated they would not recognize the results. In what was considered by some international observers to be a foregone conclusion and by many as an \"empty election\" marked by fraud, the result was a landslide victory for Assad, who won over 95% of the vote.\n\nOfficials said 79% of voters took part, but in the context of the ongoing civil war and subsequent population displacement, this figure has been questioned. The government claimed over 18,000,000 \"eligible\" voters, but because ballots were only offered in areas under government control, only just over 10,000,000 were actually able to vote, while, according to the official results, Assad won over 13,000,000 votes, technically meaning a voter turnout of 130%. Many observers and analysts noted that these numbers exceeded the possible number of adult voters in government-held areas of the country. Assad was sworn in for his fourth term (2021–2028) on 17 July 2021 at the Presidential Palace.\n\nAssad ultimately did not complete his term, after his government collapsed on 8 December 2024.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1377028396,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-27T15:03:28Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Syrian_presidential_election","wikidata_qid":"Q84026411","wikidata_classes":["presidential election","public election"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":true,"findings":[{"guideline":"EDITORIAL","guideline_name":"Editorializing","shortcut":"MOS:EDITORIAL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AManual_of_Style%2FWords_to_watch&oldid=1376702503#Editorializing","phrase":"technically meaning a voter turnout of 130%","note":"Draws its own arithmetic conclusion against the official figures in Wikipedia's own voice; the observers' similar point is attributed in the next sentence."}],"highlights":["technically meaning a voter turnout of 130%"]},"highlights":[{"text":"technically meaning a voter turnout of 130%","kind":"wording"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"2021-israel-palestine-crisis","title":"2021 Israel–Palestine crisis","date_start":"2021-05-06"},{"id":"2021-iranian-presidential-election","title":"2021 Iranian presidential election","date_start":"2021-06-18"},{"id":"2021-2022-iranian-protests","title":"2021–2022 Iranian protests","date_start":"2021-07-15"},{"id":"sofagate","title":"Sofagate","date_start":"2021-04-06"},{"id":"iran-china-25-year-cooperation-program","title":"Iran–China 25-year Cooperation Program","date_start":"2021-03-27"}]}},"killing-of-alon-shamriz-yotam-haim-and-samer-talalka":{"extract":"On 15 December 2023, three Israeli hostages were killed by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) during the Battle of Shuja'iyya in the Gaza Strip. The men had emerged from a building and were approaching a group of IDF soldiers when they were shot dead, in spite of the fact that they were shirtless and visibly unarmed while waving a makeshift white flag and calling out for help in Hebrew.\n\nThe incident provoked widespread domestic and international criticism of the IDF and of the Israeli government's attempts to resolve the hostage crisis through war. It also led to increased condemnation from abroad of the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip. The IDF acknowledged that the three hostages, who were kidnapped by Hamas during the 7 October attacks, had been killed after they were \"mistakenly identified as a threat\", prompting renewed protests in Israel against the incumbent Netanyahu-led government.\n\nThe killing of the hostages in Shuja'iyya marks one of many Israeli friendly fire incidents since the beginning of the Gaza war.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1349404962,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-04-17T04:55:58Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Alon_Shamriz%2C_Yotam_Haim%2C_and_Samer_Talalka","wikidata_qid":"Q123865146","wikidata_classes":["killing","friendly fire","armed conflict"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q123036458","label":"Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip","id":"israeli-invasion-of-the-gaza-strip"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"al-shifa-hospital-siege","title":"Al-Shifa Hospital siege","date_start":"2023-11-01"},{"id":"killing-of-hind-rajab","title":"Killing of Hind Rajab","date_start":"2024-01-29"},{"id":"flour-massacre","title":"Flour Massacre","date_start":"2024-02-29"}],"nearby":[{"id":"church-of-saint-porphyrius-airstrike","title":"Church of Saint Porphyrius airstrike","date_start":"2023-10-19","km":0.8,"bearing":292},{"id":"al-ahli-arab-hospital-explosion","title":"Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion","date_start":"2023-10-17","km":0.9,"bearing":301},{"id":"first-battle-of-gaza","title":"First Battle of Gaza","date_start":"1917-03-26","km":1.3,"bearing":164},{"id":"second-battle-of-gaza","title":"Second Battle of Gaza","date_start":"1917-04-17","km":1.3,"bearing":164},{"id":"third-battle-of-gaza","title":"Third Battle of Gaza","date_start":"1917-11-01","km":1.3,"bearing":164}],"same_time":[{"id":"operation-prosperity-guardian","title":"Operation Prosperity Guardian","date_start":"2023-12-18"},{"id":"2023-egyptian-presidential-election","title":"2023 Egyptian presidential election","date_start":"2023-12-10"},{"id":"assassination-of-saleh-al-arouri","title":"Assassination of Saleh al-Arouri","date_start":"2024-01-02"},{"id":"2024-kerman-bombings","title":"2024 Kerman bombings","date_start":"2024-01-03"},{"id":"2023-gaza-war-ceasefire","title":"2023 Gaza war ceasefire","date_start":"2023-11-24"}]}}}