{"yemeni-civil-war-2014-present":{"extract":"The Yemeni civil war (Arabic: الحرب الأهلية اليمنية, romanized: al-ḥarb al-ʾahlīyah al-yamanīyah) is an ongoing multilateral civil war that began in late 2014 mainly between the Rashad al-Alimi-led Presidential Leadership Council and the Mahdi al-Mashat-led Supreme Political Council, along with their respective supporters and allies. Both sides claim to constitute the official government of Yemen while the Presidential Leadership Council is recognized by the United Nations as the official government.\n\nThe civil war began in September 2014 when Houthi forces took over the capital city Sanaa, which was followed by a rapid Houthi takeover of the government. On 21 March 2015, the Houthi-led Supreme Revolutionary Committee declared a general mobilization to overthrow then-president Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi and expand their control by driving into southern provinces. The Houthi offensive, allied with military forces loyal to former Yemeni president Ali Abdullah Saleh, began fighting the next day in Lahij Governorate. By 25 March, Lahij fell to the Houthis and they reached the outskirts of Aden, the seat of power for Hadi's government. Hadi fled the country the same day. Concurrently, a coalition led by Saudi Arabia launched military operations by using air strikes and restored the former Yemeni government. Although there has been no direct intervention by the Iranian government in Yemen, the civil war is widely regarded as part of the Iran–Saudi proxy conflict.\n\nHouthi insurgents currently control the capital Sanaa and all of former North Yemen except for eastern Marib Governorate. After the formation of the Southern Transitional Council (STC) in 2017 and the subsequent capture of Aden by the STC forces in 2018, the pro-republican forces became fractured, with regular clashes between pro-Hadi forces backed by Saudi Arabia and southern separatists backed by the United Arab Emirates. Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) and the Islamic State have also carried out attacks against both factions, with AQAP controlling swathes of territory in the hinterlands, and along stretches of the coast.\n\nThe UN brokered a two-month nationwide truce on 2 April 2022 between Yemen's warring parties, which allowed fuel imports into Houthi-held areas and some flights to operate from Sanaa International Airport to Jordan and Egypt. On 7 April 2022, the Hadi government was dissolved and the Presidential Leadership Council (PLC) took command of the Yemeni Republic, incorporating the Southern Transitional Council into its new government. The UN announced on 2 June 2022 that the nationwide truce had been further extended by two months. According to the UN, over 150,000 people have been killed in Yemen, as well as estimates of more than 227,000 dead as a result of an ongoing famine and lack of healthcare facilities due to the war. The Wall Street Journal reported in March 2023 that Iran agreed to halt all military support to the Houthis and abide by the UN arms embargo, as part of a Chinese-brokered Iran-Saudi rapprochement deal. The agreement is viewed as part of Saudi Arabian-led efforts to pressure the Houthi militants to end the conflict through negotiated settlement; with Saudi and U.S. officials describing the concomitant Iranian behaviour as a \"litmus test\" for the endurance of the Chinese-brokered détente. Since then, however, Iran has maintained military and logistical support for the Houthis. On 23 December 2023, Hans Grundberg, the UN special envoy for Yemen, announced that the warring parties had committed to steps towards a ceasefire.\n\nThe Saudi-led coalition's bombing of civilian areas has received condemnation from the international community. According to the Yemen Data Project, the bombing campaign has killed or injured an estimated 19,196 civilians as of March 2022. Houthi drone attacks targeting civilian areas in Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Southern Yemen have also attracted global condemnation; and the UN Security Council has imposed a global arms embargo on the Houthis since 2015. The United States has provided intelligence and logistical support for the Saudi Arabian-led campaign, and despite an earlier pledge to withdraw U.S. support for Saudi Arabia in Yemen, the Biden administration announced in 2022 the sale of weapons to the Saudi Arabian-led coalition.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1376796546,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-26T07:21:35Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)","wikidata_qid":"Q19686631","wikidata_classes":["civil war","war","armed conflict"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"country-fallback:Yemen","text_from_article":null,"hand_picked":true,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q15946570","label":"Yemeni crisis"},{"qid":"Q22948406","label":"Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict","id":"iran-saudi-arabia-proxy-war"}],"includes":[{"id":"saudi-arabian-led-intervention-in-yemen","title":"Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war","date_start":"2015-03-26"},{"id":"houthi-saudi-conflict","title":"Houthi–Saudi conflict","date_start":"2015-04-02"},{"id":"2020-aden-airport-attack","title":"2020 Aden airport attack","date_start":"2020-12-30"},{"id":"2022-abu-dhabi-attack","title":"2022 Abu Dhabi attack","date_start":"2022-01-17"},{"id":"red-sea-crisis","title":"Red Sea crisis","date_start":"2023-10-19"},{"id":"2026-yemen-offensives","title":"2026 Yemen offensives","date_start":"2026-09-03"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"houthi-takeover-of-yemen","title":"Houthi takeover of Yemen","date_start":"2014-09-21"},{"id":"united-arab-emirates-occupation-of-socotra","title":"United Arab Emirates occupation of Socotra","date_start":"2018-04-30"},{"id":"south-yemen-insurgency","title":"South Yemen insurgency","date_start":"2009-04-27"},{"id":"houthi-insurgency","title":"Houthi insurgency","date_start":"2004-06-01"},{"id":"lebanese-civil-war","title":"Lebanese Civil War","date_start":"1975-04-13"}],"same_time":[{"id":"siege-of-kobani","title":"Siege of Kobanî","date_start":"2014-09-15"},{"id":"operation-chammal","title":"Opération Chammal","date_start":"2014-09-19"},{"id":"united-states-intervention-in-syria","title":"United States intervention in Syria","date_start":"2014-09-22"},{"id":"2014-turkish-presidential-election","title":"2014 Turkish presidential election","date_start":"2014-08-10"},{"id":"battle-of-zumar","title":"Battle of Zumar","date_start":"2014-08-01"}]}},"siege-of-medina":{"extract":"The siege of Medina lasted from 10 June 1916 to 10 January 1919, when Hejazi Arab rebels surrounded the Islamic holy city, which was then under the control of the Ottoman Empire.\n\nThe Ottoman Empire joined the war on the side of the Central Powers under the leadership of the Ottoman Sultan, Mehmed V. In an attempt to weaken the Ottomans, the Allies provoked an Arab Revolt within the empire led by Sharif Hussein bin Ali of Mecca.\n\nSharif Hussein, supported by British and French agents, occupied Mecca and later besieged Medina. The second holiest city in Islam was then guarded by an Ottoman battalion led by Fahreddin Pasha, who resisted for two years and seven months, a persistent defense that lasted even after the war had ended.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1381160088,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-20T10:39:23Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Medina","wikidata_qid":"Q2089011","wikidata_classes":["siege"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q239060","label":"Arab Revolt","id":"arab-revolt"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"battle-of-mecca-1916","title":"Battle of Mecca (1916)","date_start":"1916-06-10"},{"id":"battle-of-aqaba","title":"Battle of Aqaba","date_start":"1917-07-06"}],"same_time":[{"id":"battle-of-erzincan-1916","title":"Battle of Erzincan (1916)","date_start":"1916-07-02"},{"id":"sykes-picot-agreement","title":"Sykes–Picot Agreement","date_start":"1916-05-16"},{"id":"battle-of-romani","title":"Battle of Romani","date_start":"1916-08-03"},{"id":"trebizond-campaign","title":"Trebizond Campaign","date_start":"1916-02-05"},{"id":"battle-of-wadi-1916","title":"Battle of Wadi (1916)","date_start":"1916-01-13"}]}},"fall-of-damascus-2024":{"extract":"On 7 December 2024, the Syrian opposition group known as the Southern Operations Room, in co-ordination with the Military Operations Command, led forces that entered the Rif Dimashq region of Syria from the south, and those forces then came within 20 kilometres (12 mi) of the capital Damascus. The Syrian Army withdrew from multiple points in the outskirts. Concurrently with the advance towards Damascus, opposition militia Tahrir al-Sham and the Turkish-backed Syrian National Army in the north launched an offensive into Homs, while the Syrian Free Army advanced into the capital from the southeast. By 8 December 2024, rebel forces entered the city's Barzeh neighborhood. According to official state reports in Russian mass media and media footage, President Bashar al-Assad left Damascus by air to Moscow, where he was granted asylum, sealing the fall of his regime.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1380615569,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-16T21:19:09Z","data_fixes":[{"ref":"F8","anchor":"f8---four-more-month-precision-start-dates-pinned-to-the-1st-same-cause-as-f7"}],"wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Damascus_(2024)","wikidata_qid":"Q131401087","wikidata_classes":["conquest","siege"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q131342170","label":"2024 Syrian opposition offensives","id":"2024-syrian-opposition-offensives"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"2024-hama-offensive","title":"2024 Hama offensive","date_start":"2024-11-30"},{"id":"battle-of-aleppo-2024","title":"Battle of Aleppo (2024)","date_start":"2024-01-01"}],"nearby":[{"id":"israeli-airstrike-on-the-iranian-consulate-in-damascus","title":"Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus","date_start":"2024-04-01","km":1.7,"bearing":146},{"id":"battle-of-damascus-2012","title":"Battle of Damascus (2012)","date_start":"2012-07-15","km":4.5,"bearing":96},{"id":"capture-of-damascus-1918","title":"Capture of Damascus (1918)","date_start":"1918-09-26","km":4.7,"bearing":96},{"id":"mar-elias-church-attack","title":"Mar Elias Church attack","date_start":"2025-06-22","km":6.7,"bearing":103},{"id":"april-2018-missile-strikes-against-syria","title":"April 2018 missile strikes against Syria","date_start":"2018-04-14","km":7.6,"bearing":53}],"same_time":[{"id":"fall-of-the-assad-regime","title":"Fall of the Assad regime","date_start":"2024-12-08"},{"id":"israeli-invasion-of-syria-2024-present","title":"Israeli invasion of Syria (2024–present)","date_start":"2024-12-08"},{"id":"2024-homs-offensive","title":"2024 Homs offensive","date_start":"2024-12-05"},{"id":"southern-syria-offensive-2024","title":"Southern Syria offensive (2024)","date_start":"2024-11-29"},{"id":"2024-israel-lebanon-ceasefire-agreement","title":"2024 Israel–Lebanon ceasefire agreement","date_start":"2024-11-27"}]}},"mar-elias-church-attack":{"extract":"On 22 June 2025, at least one attacker opened fire and detonated an explosive device inside the Greek Orthodox Mar Elias Church during Divine Liturgy in Damascus, Syria, killing at least 30 people and injuring 54 others.\n\nThe Syrian Ministry of Interior said the Islamic State was responsible for the suicide attack, while Saraya Ansar al-Sunnah claimed responsibility.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1380232254,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-14T15:35:14Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Elias_Church_attack","wikidata_qid":"Q135012367","wikidata_classes":["attack on church","bomb attack","mass shooting","terrorist attack"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q554482","label":"persecution of Christians"},{"qid":"Q7703947","label":"terrorism in Syria"}],"related":{"nearby":[{"id":"capture-of-damascus-1918","title":"Capture of Damascus (1918)","date_start":"1918-09-26","km":2.1,"bearing":299},{"id":"battle-of-damascus-2012","title":"Battle of Damascus (2012)","date_start":"2012-07-15","km":2.2,"bearing":297},{"id":"ghouta-chemical-attack","title":"Ghouta chemical attack","date_start":"2013-08-21","km":3.4,"bearing":57},{"id":"israeli-airstrike-on-the-iranian-consulate-in-damascus","title":"Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus","date_start":"2024-04-01","km":5.5,"bearing":271},{"id":"april-2018-missile-strikes-against-syria","title":"April 2018 missile strikes against Syria","date_start":"2018-04-14","km":6.1,"bearing":356}],"same_time":[{"id":"2025-united-states-strikes-on-iranian-nuclear-sites","title":"2025 United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites","date_start":"2025-06-22"},{"id":"2025-iranian-strikes-on-al-udeid-air-base","title":"2025 Iranian strikes on Al Udeid Air Base","date_start":"2025-06-23"},{"id":"twelve-day-war","title":"Twelve-Day War","date_start":"2025-06-13"},{"id":"southern-syria-clashes-july-september-2025","title":"Southern Syria clashes (July–September 2025)","date_start":"2025-07-13"},{"id":"2025-gaza-strip-aid-distribution-killings","title":"2025 Gaza Strip aid distribution killings","date_start":"2025-05-27"}]}},"treaty-of-constantinople-1913":{"extract":"The Treaty of Constantinople (Treaty of İstanbul) was a treaty between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Bulgaria signed on 29 September 1913 after the Second Balkan War at the Ottoman capital Constantinople, modern İstanbul.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1359345351,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-06-14T18:57:19Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1913)","wikidata_qid":"Q269606","wikidata_classes":["treaty"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false}},"battle-of-mecca-1916":{"extract":"The Battle of Mecca occurred in the Muslim holy city of Mecca in June and July 1916. On June 10, the Sharif of Mecca, Hussein bin Ali, the leader of the Banu Hashim clan, started a revolt against the Ottoman Caliphate from this city. The Battle of Mecca was part of the Arab Revolt of World War I.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1370449410,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-21T04:32:29Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Mecca_(1916)","wikidata_qid":"Q2089020","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q239060","label":"Arab Revolt","id":"arab-revolt"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"siege-of-medina","title":"Siege of Medina","date_start":"1916-06-10"},{"id":"battle-of-aqaba","title":"Battle of Aqaba","date_start":"1917-07-06"}],"same_time":[{"id":"battle-of-erzincan-1916","title":"Battle of Erzincan (1916)","date_start":"1916-07-02"},{"id":"sykes-picot-agreement","title":"Sykes–Picot Agreement","date_start":"1916-05-16"},{"id":"battle-of-romani","title":"Battle of Romani","date_start":"1916-08-03"},{"id":"trebizond-campaign","title":"Trebizond Campaign","date_start":"1916-02-05"},{"id":"battle-of-wadi-1916","title":"Battle of Wadi (1916)","date_start":"1916-01-13"}]}},"kurdish-turkish-conflict":{"extract":"Kurdish nationalist uprisings have periodically occurred in Turkey, beginning with the Turkish War of Independence and the consequent transition from the Ottoman Empire to the modern Turkish state and continuing to the present day with the current PKK–Turkey conflict.\n\nAccording to Ottoman military records, Kurdish rebellions have been occurring in Anatolia for over two centuries. While large tribal Kurdish revolts had shaken the Ottoman Empire during the last decades of its existence, the modern phase of the conflict is believed to have begun in 1922, with the emergence of Kurdish nationalism which occurred in parallel with the formation of the modern State of Turkey. In 1925, an uprising for an independent Kurdistan, led by Shaikh Said Piran, was quickly put down, and soon afterward, Said and 36 of his followers were executed. Other large-scale Kurdish revolts occurred in Ararat and Dersim in 1930 and 1937. The British consul at Trebizond, the diplomatic post which was closest to Dersim, spoke of brutal and indiscriminate acts of violence and explicitly compared them to the 1915 Armenian genocide. \"Thousands of Kurds,\" he wrote, \"including women and children, were slain; others, mostly children, were thrown into the Euphrates; while thousands of others in less hostile areas, who had first been deprived of their cattle and other belongings, were deported to vilayets (provinces) in Central Anatolia. It is now stated that the Kurdish question no longer exists in Turkey.\"\n\nThe Kurds accuse successive Turkish governments of suppressing their identity through such means as the banning of Kurdish languages in print and media. Atatürk believed that the unity and stability of a country both lay in the existence of a unitary political identity, relegating cultural and ethnic distinctions to the private sphere. However, many Kurds did not relinquish their identity and they also did not relinquish their language. Large-scale armed conflict between the Turkish armed forces and the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) occurred throughout the 1980s and 1990s, leaving over 35,000 dead.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1381357069,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-21T21:40:19Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict","wikidata_qid":"Q6445763","wikidata_classes":["rebellion"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"includes":[{"id":"sheikh-said-rebellion","title":"Sheikh Said rebellion","date_start":"1925-02-13"},{"id":"ararat-rebellion","title":"Ararat rebellion","date_start":"1927-10-01"},{"id":"dersim-massacre","title":"Dersim massacre","date_start":"1937-05-01"},{"id":"kurdistan-workers-party-insurgency","title":"Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency","date_start":"1978-11-01"},{"id":"2008-turkish-incursion-into-northern-iraq","title":"2008 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq","date_start":"2008-02-21"}],"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"1921-persian-coup-d-etat","title":"1921 Persian coup d'état","date_start":"1921-02-21"},{"id":"emirate-of-transjordan","title":"Emirate of Transjordan","date_start":"1921-04-11"},{"id":"jaffa-riots-may-1921","title":"Jaffa riots (May 1921)","date_start":"1921-05-01"},{"id":"battle-of-the-sakarya","title":"Battle of the Sakarya","date_start":"1921-08-23"}]}},"israeli-lebanese-conflict":{"extract":"The Israeli–Lebanese conflict, or the South Lebanon conflict, is a long-running conflict involving Israel, Lebanon-based paramilitary groups, and sometimes Syria. The conflict peaked during the Lebanese Civil War. In response to Palestinian attacks from Lebanon, Israel invaded the country in 1978 and again in 1982. After this it occupied southern Lebanon until 2000, while fighting a guerrilla conflict against Shia paramilitaries. After Israel's withdrawal, Hezbollah attacks sparked the 2006 Lebanon War. A new period of conflict began in 2023, leading to the 2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon.\n\nThe Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) recruited militants in Lebanon from among the Palestinian refugees who had been expelled or fled after the creation of Israel in 1948. After the PLO leadership and its Fatah brigade were expelled from Jordan in 1970–71 for fomenting a revolt against the king, they entered southern Lebanon, resulting in an increase of internal and cross-border violence. Meanwhile, demographic tensions over the Lebanese National Pact led to the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990). PLO actions were one of the key factors in the eruption of the Lebanese Civil War and its bitter battles with Lebanese factions caused foreign intervention. Israel's 1978 invasion of Lebanon pushed the PLO north of the Litani River, but the PLO continued their campaign against Israel. This invasion led to the deployment of United Nations peacekeepers in southern Lebanon. Israel invaded Lebanon again in 1982 and, in alliance with the Christian Lebanese Forces, forcibly expelled the PLO. In 1983, Israel and Lebanon signed the May 17 Agreement providing a framework for the establishment of normal bilateral relations between the two countries, but relations were disrupted with takeover of Shia and Druze militias in early 1984. Israel withdrew from most of Lebanon in 1985, but kept control of a 19-kilometre (12-mile) security buffer zone, held with the aid of proxy militants in the South Lebanon Army (SLA).\n\nIn 1985, Hezbollah, a Lebanese Shia Islamist movement sponsored by Iran, called for armed struggle to end the Israeli occupation of Lebanese territory. It fought a guerrilla war against the IDF and SLA in south Lebanon. Israel launched two major operations in southern Lebanon during the 1990s: Operation Accountability in 1993 and Operation Grapes of Wrath in 1996. Fighting with Hezbollah weakened Israeli resolve and led to a collapse of the SLA and an Israeli withdrawal in 2000 to their side of the UN designated border.\n\nCiting Israeli control of the Shebaa farms, Hezbollah continued cross-border attacks intermittently over the next six years. Hezbollah now sought the release of Lebanese citizens in Israeli prisons and successfully used the tactic of capturing Israeli soldiers as leverage for a prisoner exchange in 2004. The capturing of two Israeli soldiers by Hezbollah ignited the 2006 Lebanon War, which saw cross-border attacks and another Israeli invasion of the south. Its ceasefire called for the disarmament of Hezbollah and the respecting of the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Lebanon by Israel. Hostilities were suspended on 8 September.\n\nAfter the 2006 war the situation became relatively calm, despite both sides violating the ceasefire agreements; Israel by making near-daily flights over Lebanese territory, and Hezbollah by not disarming. There was an increase in violence during the April 2023 Israel–Lebanon shellings.\n\nThe Gaza war sparked a renewed Israel–Hezbollah conflict, beginning one day after the October 7 Hamas-led attack on Israel. The conflict initially consisted of tit-for-tat airstrikes and shelling. The conflict escalated in September 2024, beginning with the Israeli explosion of Lebanese pagers and walkie talkies. Israel then began an aerial bombing campaign throughout Lebanon, killing at least 569 people on 23 September; the largest conflict-related loss of life in a single day in Lebanon since the Civil War.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1370624531,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-22T03:58:49Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Lebanese_conflict","wikidata_qid":"Q3241199","wikidata_classes":["international conflict","armed conflict","political crisis","international crisis"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"century","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q8669","label":"Arab–Israeli conflict","id":"arab-israeli-conflict"}],"includes":[{"id":"1978-south-lebanon-conflict","title":"1978 South Lebanon conflict","date_start":"1978-01-01"},{"id":"1982-lebanon-war","title":"1982 Lebanon War","date_start":"1982-06-06"},{"id":"israeli-occupation-of-southern-lebanon-1982-2000","title":"Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon (1982–2000)","date_start":"1985-02-16"},{"id":"israeli-withdrawal-from-lebanon","title":"South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)","date_start":"1985-02-16"},{"id":"2006-lebanon-war","title":"2006 Lebanon War","date_start":"2006-07-12"},{"id":"2024-israel-hezbollah-conflict","title":"Hezbollah–Israel conflict (2023–present)","date_start":"2023-10-08"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"operation-grapes-of-wrath","title":"Operation Grapes of Wrath","date_start":"1996-04-27"},{"id":"2004-israeli-operation-in-rafah","title":"2004 Israeli operation in Rafah","date_start":"2004-05-12"},{"id":"2004-israeli-operation-in-the-northern-gaza-strip","title":"2004 Israeli operation in the northern Gaza Strip","date_start":"2004-09-29"},{"id":"operation-accountability","title":"Operation Accountability","date_start":"1993-07-25"},{"id":"1991-iraqi-missile-attacks-against-israel","title":"1991 Iraqi missile attacks against Israel","date_start":"1991-01-17"}]}},"maxim-restaurant-suicide-bombing":{"extract":"The Maxim restaurant bombing was a Palestinian suicide bombing which occurred on October 4, 2003, in the beachfront restaurant Maxim in Haifa, Israel. Twenty-one civilians were killed and 60 were injured. Among the victims were two families and four children, including a two-month-old baby.\n\nThe restaurant was frequented by both Arab and Jewish customers and was widely seen as a symbol of peaceful coexistence.\n\nThe militant organization Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility for the attack. It was condemned by Palestinian President Yasser Arafat. The restaurant's interior was destroyed by the blast and was completely rebuilt seven months after the attack.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1368353072,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-08T15:31:43Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_restaurant_suicide_bombing","wikidata_qid":"Q2870013","wikidata_classes":["suicide attack"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q49106","label":"Second Intifada","id":"second-intifada"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"siege-of-the-church-of-the-nativity","title":"Siege of the Church of the Nativity","date_start":"2002-04-02"},{"id":"operation-defensive-shield","title":"Operation Defensive Shield","date_start":"2002-03-29"},{"id":"passover-massacre","title":"Passover massacre","date_start":"2002-03-27"},{"id":"sbarro-restaurant-suicide-bombing","title":"Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing","date_start":"2001-08-09"},{"id":"2006-gaza-israel-conflict","title":"2006 Gaza–Israel conflict","date_start":"2006-01-01"}],"nearby":[{"id":"battle-of-haifa-1948","title":"Battle of Haifa (1948)","date_start":"1948-04-21","km":1.9,"bearing":81},{"id":"battle-of-haifa-1918","title":"Battle of Haifa (1918)","date_start":"1918-09-23","km":2.6,"bearing":81},{"id":"haifa-oil-refinery-massacre","title":"Haifa Oil Refinery massacre","date_start":"1947-12-30","km":9.3,"bearing":103},{"id":"balad-al-shaykh-massacre","title":"Balad al-Shaykh massacre","date_start":"1947-12-31","km":9.3,"bearing":119},{"id":"ma-alot-massacre","title":"Ma'alot massacre","date_start":"1974-05-15","km":38.3,"bearing":54}],"same_time":[{"id":"2003-nasiriyah-bombing","title":"2003 Nasiriyah bombing","date_start":"2003-11-12"},{"id":"canal-hotel-bombing","title":"Canal Hotel bombing","date_start":"2003-08-19"},{"id":"capture-of-saddam-hussein","title":"Capture of Saddam Hussein","date_start":"2003-12-13"},{"id":"2004-ashura-massacre","title":"2004 Ashura massacre","date_start":"2004-03-02"},{"id":"first-battle-of-fallujah","title":"First Battle of Fallujah","date_start":"2004-04-04"}]}},"2004-istanbul-nato-summit":{"extract":"The 2004 Istanbul summit was held in Istanbul, Turkey from 28 to 29 June 2004. It was the 19th NATO summit in which NATO's Heads of State and Governments met to make formal decisions about security topics. In general, the summit is seen as a continuation of the transformation process that began in the 2002 Prague summit, which hoped to create a shift from a Cold War alliance against Soviet aggression to a 21st-century coalition against new and out-of-area security threats. The summit consisted of four meetings.\n\nNATO members welcomed seven new alliance members during the North Atlantic Council meeting, decided to expand the alliance's presence in the War in Afghanistan and to end its presence in Bosnia, agreed to assist Iraq with training, launched a new partnership initiative and adopted measures to improve NATO's operational capabilities.\n\nThe NATO-Russia Council meeting was mostly noted by the absence of both Russian president Vladimir Putin and of any progress concerning the ratification of the adapted CFE treaty or the withdrawal of Russian troops from Georgia and Moldova. NATO leaders further welcomed progress made by Ukraine towards membership in the NATO-Ukraine Commission meeting and discussed some general and mostly symbolic topics with its non-NATO counterparts during the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council meeting.\n\nDue to Turkish government fears of a terrorist attack, security measures during the summit were tight. Demonstrators from around the world gathered to protest against NATO or the American foreign policy under the George W. Bush administration, while the summit itself was blown off the front pages of the world press by the unexpected transfer of Iraqi sovereignty, coinciding with the first day of the NATO summit on 28 June.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1369297983,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-14T03:49:08Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Istanbul_NATO_summit","wikidata_qid":"Q3489918","wikidata_classes":["NATO summit","summit"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"2004-israeli-operation-in-rafah","title":"2004 Israeli operation in Rafah","date_start":"2004-05-12"},{"id":"first-battle-of-fallujah","title":"First Battle of Fallujah","date_start":"2004-04-04"},{"id":"2004-israeli-operation-in-the-northern-gaza-strip","title":"2004 Israeli operation in the northern Gaza Strip","date_start":"2004-09-29"},{"id":"battle-of-samarra-2004","title":"Battle of Samarra (2004)","date_start":"2004-10-01"},{"id":"2004-sinai-bombings","title":"2004 Sinai bombings","date_start":"2004-10-07"}]}},"2018-2019-gaza-border-protests":{"extract":"The 2018–2019 Gaza border protests, also known as the Great March of Return (Arabic: مسیرة العودة الكبرى, romanized: Masīra al-ʿawda al-kubrā), were a series of demonstrations held each Friday in the Gaza Strip near the Gaza–Israel barrier from 30 March 2018 until 27 December 2019, in which Israel killed a total of 223 Palestinians. The demonstrators demanded that the Palestinian refugees must be allowed to return to lands they were displaced from in territory that was Mandatory Palestine and is now Israel. They protested against Israel's land, air and sea blockade of Gaza and the United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel.\n\nThe first demonstrations were organized by independent activists, but the initiative was soon endorsed by Hamas, the governing party of Gaza, as well as other major factions in Gaza. The activists who planned the Great March of Return intended it to last only from 30 March 2018 (Land Day) to 15 May (Nakba Day) but the demonstrations continued for almost 18 months until the organizing committee for the Great March of Return announced on 27 December 2019 that they would be postponed. Thirty thousand Palestinians participated in the first demonstration on 30 March. Larger protests took place on the following Fridays, 6 April, 13 April, 20 April, 27 April, 4 May, and 11 May — each of which involved at least 10,000 demonstrators — while smaller numbers attended activities during the week.\n\nMost of the demonstrators demonstrated peacefully far from the border fence. Peter Cammack, a fellow with the Middle East Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, argued that the march indicated a new trend in Palestinian society and Hamas, with a shift away from violence towards non-violent forms of protest. Nevertheless, smaller groups attempted to breach the fence, rolling tires, and throwing stones and molotov cocktails. Israeli officials said the demonstrations were used by Hamas as cover for launching attacks against Israel.\n\nAt least 189 Palestinians were killed between 30 March and 31 December 2018. Afterwards, an independent United Nations commission said that at least 29 out of the 189 killed were militants. Israeli soldiers fired tear gas and live ammunition. According to Robert Mardini, head of Middle East for the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), more than 13,000 Palestinians were wounded as of 19 June 2018. The majority were wounded severely, with some 1,400 struck by three to five bullets. No Israelis were physically harmed from 30 March to 12 May, until one Israeli soldier was reported as slightly wounded on 14 May, the day the protests peaked. The same day, 59 or 60 Palestinians were shot dead at twelve clash points along the border fence. Hamas claimed 50 of them as its militants, and Islamic Jihad claimed 3 of the 62 killed as members of its military wing. Some 35,000 Palestinians protested that day, with thousands approaching the fence.\n\nIsrael's use of deadly force was condemned on 13 June 2018 in a United Nations General Assembly resolution. Condemnations also came from human rights organizations, including Human Rights Watch, B'Tselem, and Amnesty International, and by United Nations officials. Kuwait proposed two United Nations Security Council statements, both blocked by the United States, which called for investigations into Israel's killing of Palestinian protesters. The Israeli government praised Israeli troops for protecting the border fence. Media coverage of the demonstrations, and what has been termed the \"PR battle\", has been the object of analysis and controversy. In late February 2019, a United Nations Human Rights Council's independent commission found that of the 489 cases of Palestinian deaths or injuries analyzed, only two were possibly justified as responses to danger by Israeli security forces. The commission deemed the rest of the cases illegal, and concluded with a recommendation calling on Israel to examine whether war crimes or crimes against humanity had been committed, and if so, to bring those responsible to trial. Over 7,000 live ammunition injuries were to limbs, with 156 resulting in amputations. The WHO estimates that over 1,200 limb injuries would need specialized limb reconstruction treatment.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1375594945,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-18T19:22:18Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_Gaza_border_protests","wikidata_qid":"Q51139646","wikidata_classes":["civil disorder","armed conflict","protest march","protest","demonstration"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q553184","label":"Gaza–Israel conflict","id":"gaza-israel-conflict"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"operation-guardian-of-the-walls","title":"Operation Guardian of the Walls","date_start":"2021-05-01"},{"id":"2014-gaza-war","title":"2014 Gaza War","date_start":"2014-01-01"},{"id":"2022-gaza-israel-clashes","title":"2022 Gaza–Israel clashes","date_start":"2022-08-01"},{"id":"may-2023-gaza-israel-clashes","title":"May 2023 Gaza–Israel clashes","date_start":"2023-05-01"},{"id":"2012-gaza-war","title":"2012 Gaza War","date_start":"2012-11-14"}],"same_time":[{"id":"2018-egyptian-presidential-election","title":"2018 Egyptian presidential election","date_start":"2018-03-26"},{"id":"douma-chemical-attack","title":"Douma chemical attack","date_start":"2018-04-07"},{"id":"april-2018-missile-strikes-against-syria","title":"April 2018 missile strikes against Syria","date_start":"2018-04-14"},{"id":"rif-dimashq-offensive-february-april-2018","title":"Rif Dimashq offensive (February–April 2018)","date_start":"2018-04-14"},{"id":"united-arab-emirates-occupation-of-socotra","title":"United Arab Emirates occupation of Socotra","date_start":"2018-04-30"}]}},"united-arab-emirates-in-the-2026-iran-war":{"extract":"At around 12:53 p.m. on 28 February 2026, following the coordinated 2026 United States–Israeli strikes on Iran, the Islamic Republic of Iran launched a multiday series of missile and drone airstrikes on the United Arab Emirates. As of 10 May 2026, the UAE has intercepted and destroyed 551 ballistic missiles, 2,265 drone attacks and 29 cruise missiles fired from Iran using an integrated air defense system that includes Skynight, THAAD, Patriot, KM-SAM, Barak-8, and Pantsir-S1 missile defence systems. The attacks have killed a total of 15 people, including two military personnel, one civilian contractor, and injured 230 people.\n\nAccording to the Wall Street Journal, the UAE responded with strikes on Iranian infrastructure using warplanes and drones, which included the Lavan Island attack.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1378568993,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-05T01:29:04Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_in_the_2026_Iran_war","wikidata_qid":"Q138514385","wikidata_classes":["missile strike","drone warfare","armed conflict","airstrike","bombardment"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q138503695","label":"2026 Iran War","id":"2026-iran-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"2026-minab-school-attack","title":"2026 Minab school attack","date_start":"2026-02-28"},{"id":"assassination-of-ali-khamenei","title":"Assassination of Ali Khamenei","date_start":"2026-02-28"},{"id":"2026-lebanon-war","title":"2026 Lebanon war","date_start":"2026-03-02"},{"id":"sinking-of-iris-dena","title":"Sinking of IRIS Dena","date_start":"2026-03-04"}],"same_time":[{"id":"2026-iranian-supreme-leader-election","title":"2026 Iranian supreme leader election","date_start":"2026-03-08"},{"id":"assassination-of-ali-larijani","title":"Assassination of Ali Larijani","date_start":"2026-03-17"},{"id":"2026-northeastern-syria-offensive","title":"2026 northeastern Syria offensive","date_start":"2026-01-13"},{"id":"2026-onikisubat-school-shooting","title":"2026 Onikişubat school shooting","date_start":"2026-04-15"},{"id":"prelude-to-the-2026-iran-war","title":"Prelude to the 2026 Iran war","date_start":"2026-01-13"}]}}}