{"oslo-accords":{"extract":"The Oslo Accords are a pair of interim agreements between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO): the Oslo I Accord, signed in Washington, D.C., in 1993; and the Oslo II Accord, signed in Taba, Egypt, in 1995. They marked the start of the Oslo process, a peace process aimed at achieving a peace treaty based on Resolution 242 and Resolution 338 of the United Nations Security Council. The Oslo process began after secret negotiations in Oslo, Norway, resulting in both the recognition of Israel by the PLO and the recognition by Israel of the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people and as a partner in bilateral negotiations.\n\nAmong the notable outcomes of the Oslo Accords was the creation of the Palestinian Authority, which was tasked with the responsibility of conducting limited Palestinian self-governance over parts of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip; and the international acknowledgement of the PLO as Israel's partner in permanent-status negotiations about any remaining issues revolving around the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Bilateral dialogue stems from questions related to the international border between Israel and a future Palestinian state: negotiations for this subject are centered around Israeli settlements, the status of Jerusalem, Israel's maintenance of control over security following the establishment of Palestinian autonomy, and the Palestinian right of return. The Oslo Accords did not create a definite Palestinian state.\n\nA large portion of the Palestinian population, including various Palestinian militant groups, staunchly opposed the Oslo Accords; Palestinian-American academic Edward Said described them as a \"Palestinian Versailles\". The peace process was strained by the Cave of the Patriarchs massacre as well as by Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad suicide bombings and attacks. Far-right Israelis also opposed the Oslo Accords, and Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin was assassinated in 1995 by a right-wing Israeli extremist for signing them.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1381189633,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-20T15:37:16Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo_Accords","wikidata_qid":"Q17013132","wikidata_classes":["agreement","political event","contract"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"country-fallback:Israel/Palestine","text_from_article":null,"hand_picked":true,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":true,"findings":[{"guideline":"LABEL","guideline_name":"Contentious labels","shortcut":"MOS:LABEL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AManual_of_Style%2FWords_to_watch&oldid=1376702503#Contentious_labels","phrase":"a right-wing Israeli extremist","note":"Uses \"extremist\" for Rabin's assassin in Wikipedia's own voice, without saying who uses the label."}],"highlights":["a right-wing Israeli extremist"]},"highlights":[{"text":"a right-wing Israeli extremist","kind":"wording"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q3141816","label":"Israeli–Palestinian peace process"}],"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"operation-accountability","title":"Operation Accountability","date_start":"1993-07-25"},{"id":"sivas-massacre","title":"Sivas massacre","date_start":"1993-07-02"},{"id":"cave-of-the-patriarchs-massacre","title":"Cave of the Patriarchs massacre","date_start":"1994-02-25"}]}},"battle-of-imbros":{"extract":"The Battle of Imbros was a naval action that took place during the First World War. The battle occurred on 20 January 1918 when an Ottoman squadron engaged a flotilla of the British Royal Navy off the island of Imbros in the Aegean Sea. A lack of heavy Allied warships in the area allowed the Ottoman battlecruiser Yavuz Sultan Selim and light cruiser Midilli to sortie into the Mediterranean and attack the Royal Navy monitors and destroyers at Imbros before assaulting the naval base at Mudros.\n\nAlthough the Ottoman forces managed to complete their objective of destroying the monitors located at Imbros, the battle turned sour for them as they sailed through a minefield while withdrawing. Midilli was sunk and Yavuz Sultan Selim heavily damaged. Although Yavûz Sultân Selîm managed to beach herself within the Dardanelles, she was subjected to days of air attacks until she was towed to safety. With the most modern cruiser of the Ottoman Navy sunk, and its only battlecruiser out of action, the battle effectively curtailed the Ottoman Navy's offensive capability until the end of the war.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1375568652,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-18T16:12:48Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Imbros","wikidata_qid":"Q2436624","wikidata_classes":["naval battle","battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q899191","label":"naval warfare in the Mediterranean during World War I"}],"related":{"nearby":[{"id":"gallipoli-campaign","title":"Gallipoli campaign","date_start":"1915-02-19","km":26.4,"bearing":89},{"id":"landing-at-anzac-cove","title":"Landing at Anzac Cove","date_start":"1915-04-25","km":26.8,"bearing":87}],"same_time":[{"id":"armistice-of-erzincan","title":"Armistice of Erzincan","date_start":"1917-12-18"},{"id":"trebizond-peace-conference","title":"Trebizond Peace Conference","date_start":"1918-03-12"},{"id":"battle-of-jerusalem-1917","title":"Battle of Jerusalem","date_start":"1917-11-17"},{"id":"balfour-declaration","title":"Balfour Declaration","date_start":"1917-11-02"},{"id":"third-battle-of-gaza","title":"Third Battle of Gaza","date_start":"1917-11-01"}]}},"operation-crusader":{"extract":"Operation Crusader (18 November – 30 December 1941) was a military operation of the Western Desert campaign during World War II by the British Eighth Army (with Commonwealth, Indian and Allied contingents) against the Axis forces (German and Italian) in North Africa commanded by Generalleutnant (Lieutenant-General) Erwin Rommel. The operation was intended to bypass Axis defences on the Egyptian–Libyan frontier, defeat the Axis armoured forces near Tobruk, raise the Siege of Tobruk and re-occupy Cyrenaica.\n\nOn 18 November 1941, the Eighth Army began a surprise attack. From 18 to 22 November, the dispersal of British armoured units led to them suffering 530 tank losses and inflicting Axis losses of about 100 tanks. On 23 November, the 5th South African Brigade was destroyed at Sidi Rezegh but caused many German tank losses. On 24 November Rommel ordered the \"dash to the wire\" and caused chaos in the British rear but allowed the British armoured forces to recover. On 27 November, the New Zealanders reached the Tobruk garrison and ended the siege.\n\nLack of supplies forced Rommel to shorten his lines of communication and on 7 December 1941, the Axis forces withdrew to the Gazala position and on 15 December began a withdrawal to El Agheila. The 2nd South African Division captured Bardia on 2 January 1942, Sollum on 12 January and the fortified Halfaya position on 17 January, taking about 13,800 prisoners. On 21 January 1942, the Panzerarmee Afrika surprised the Eighth Army and drove it back to Gazala where both sides regrouped. The Battle of Gazala began at the end of May 1942.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1371757223,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-28T07:22:57Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Crusader","wikidata_qid":"Q327085","wikidata_classes":["military operation"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q218678","label":"North African campaign"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"operation-compass","title":"Operation Compass","date_start":"1940-12-09"},{"id":"western-desert-campaign","title":"Western Desert campaign","date_start":"1940-06-11"}],"same_time":[{"id":"raid-on-alexandria-1941","title":"Raid on Alexandria (1941)","date_start":"1941-12-19"},{"id":"anglo-soviet-invasion-of-iran","title":"Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran","date_start":"1941-08-25"},{"id":"battle-of-palmyra-1941","title":"Battle of Palmyra (1941)","date_start":"1941-07-01"},{"id":"syria-lebanon-campaign","title":"Syria–Lebanon campaign","date_start":"1941-06-08"},{"id":"operation-skorpion","title":"Operation Skorpion","date_start":"1941-05-27"}]}},"battle-of-haifa-1948":{"extract":"The Battle of Haifa, also known as the Fall of Haifa, and called by the Jewish forces Operation Bi'ur Hametz (Hebrew: מבצע ביעור חמץ \"Cleansing the Leaven\" or \"Passover Cleaning\"), was a Haganah operation carried out on 21–22 April 1948 and a major event in the final stages of the civil war in Palestine, leading up to the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.\n\nThe objective of the operation was the capture of the Arab neighborhoods of Haifa. The operation formed part of the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight, with approximately 15,000 Arab residents being displaced between April 21–22, and with only 4,000 remaining in the city by mid-May from a pre-conflict population of approximately 65,000.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1379842236,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-12T05:54:47Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Haifa_(1948)","wikidata_qid":"Q4871178","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q2379101","label":"1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"hadassah-medical-convoy-massacre","title":"Hadassah medical convoy massacre","date_start":"1948-04-13"},{"id":"deir-yassin-massacre","title":"Deir Yassin massacre","date_start":"1948-04-09"},{"id":"operation-nachshon","title":"Operation Nachshon","date_start":"1948-04-05"},{"id":"semiramis-hotel-bombing","title":"Semiramis Hotel bombing","date_start":"1948-01-05"}],"nearby":[{"id":"battle-of-haifa-1918","title":"Battle of Haifa (1918)","date_start":"1918-09-23","km":0.8,"bearing":80},{"id":"maxim-restaurant-suicide-bombing","title":"Maxim restaurant suicide bombing","date_start":"2003-10-04","km":1.9,"bearing":261},{"id":"haifa-oil-refinery-massacre","title":"Haifa Oil Refinery massacre","date_start":"1947-12-30","km":7.6,"bearing":109},{"id":"balad-al-shaykh-massacre","title":"Balad al-Shaykh massacre","date_start":"1947-12-31","km":7.9,"bearing":127},{"id":"ma-alot-massacre","title":"Ma'alot massacre","date_start":"1974-05-15","km":36.6,"bearing":52}],"same_time":[{"id":"kfar-etzion-massacre","title":"Kfar Etzion massacre","date_start":"1948-05-13"},{"id":"israeli-declaration-of-independence","title":"Israeli Declaration of Independence","date_start":"1948-05-14"},{"id":"arab-israeli-conflict","title":"Arab–Israeli conflict","date_start":"1948-05-15"},{"id":"gaza-israel-conflict","title":"Gaza–Israel conflict","date_start":"1948-05-15"},{"id":"battles-of-latrun-1948","title":"Battles of Latrun (1948)","date_start":"1948-05-24"}]}},"khan-yunis-massacre":{"extract":"The Khan Yunis massacre took place on 3 November 1956, perpetrated by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) in the Palestinian town of Khan Yunis and the nearby refugee camp of the same name in the Gaza Strip during the Suez Crisis.\n\nAccording to Benny Morris, during an IDF operation to reopen the Egyptian-blockaded Straits of Tiran, Israeli soldiers shot two hundred Palestinians in Khan Yunis and Rafah. According to Noam Chomsky's The Fateful Triangle, citing Donald Neff, 275 Palestinians were killed in a brutal house-to-house search for fedayeen (while a further 111 were reportedly killed in Rafah).\n\nIsraeli authorities say that IDF soldiers ran into local militants and a battle erupted.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1357131497,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-05-31T22:48:27Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_Yunis_massacre","wikidata_qid":"Q12241913","wikidata_classes":["massacre"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q12184968","label":"ethnic cleansing in Palestine"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"qibya-massacre","title":"Qibya massacre","date_start":"1953-10-15"},{"id":"al-dawayima-massacre","title":"Al-Dawayima massacre","date_start":"1948-10-29"},{"id":"operation-hiram","title":"Operation Hiram","date_start":"1948-10-29"},{"id":"operation-yoav","title":"Operation Yoav","date_start":"1948-10-15"},{"id":"deir-yassin-massacre","title":"Deir Yassin massacre","date_start":"1948-04-09"}],"nearby":[{"id":"2025-nasser-hospital-strikes","title":"2025 Nasser Hospital strikes","date_start":"2025-08-25","km":1,"bearing":295},{"id":"tel-al-sultan-attack","title":"Tel al-Sultan attack","date_start":"2024-05-26","km":5.6,"bearing":241},{"id":"killing-of-yahya-sinwar","title":"Killing of Yahya Sinwar","date_start":"2024-10-16","km":6.8,"bearing":231},{"id":"rafah-paramedic-massacre","title":"Rafah paramedic massacre","date_start":"2025-03-23","km":7.7,"bearing":227},{"id":"2004-israeli-operation-in-rafah","title":"2004 Israeli operation in Rafah","date_start":"2004-05-12","km":8.1,"bearing":224}],"same_time":[{"id":"kafr-qasim-massacre","title":"Kafr Qasim massacre","date_start":"1956-10-29"},{"id":"suez-crisis","title":"Suez Crisis","date_start":"1956-10-29"}]}},"houla-massacre":{"extract":"The Houla massacre (Arabic: مجزرة الحولة) was a mass murder of civilians that took place on May 25, 2012, in the midst of the Syrian Civil War, in the town of Taldou, in the Houla Region of Syria, a string of towns northwest of Homs. According to the United Nations, 108 people were killed, including 34 women and 49 children. While a small proportion of the deaths appeared to have resulted from artillery and tank rounds used against Taldou, the U.N. later announced that most of the massacre's victims had been \"summarily executed in two separate incidents\". UN investigators have reported that some witnesses and survivors stated that the massacre was committed by pro-government Shabiha. In August 2012, UN investigators released a report which stated that it was likely that Ba’athist Syrian troops and Shabiha militia were responsible for the massacre, concluding that: \"On the basis of available evidence, the commission has a reasonable basis to believe that the perpetrators of the deliberate killing of civilians, at both the Abdulrazzak and Al-Sayed family locations, were aligned to the Government. It rests this conclusion on its understanding of access to the crime sites, the loyalties of the victims, the security layout in the area including the position of the government’s water authority checkpoint and the consistent testimonies of victims and witnesses with direct knowledge of the events. This conclusion is bolstered by the lack of credible information supporting other possibilities.\"\n\nThe Ba’athist Syrian government alleged that Al-Qaeda terrorist groups were responsible for the killings, and that Houla residents were warned not to speak publicly by opposition forces. This account received support from a report published by the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, but is contested by most media coverage and by the report published by the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) in August 2012.\n\nChannel 4 News reported that Houla residents stated that the Ba’athist Syrian military and government-hired Shabiha were the perpetrators of the massacre, as claimed by opposition groups. Townspeople described how Shabiha, who were thought to be men from Shia/Alawite villages to the south and west of Houla (Kabu and Felleh were named repeatedly) entered the town after several hours of shelling. According to one eyewitness, the killers had written Shia slogans on their foreheads (the Alawi faith is a Shia sect).\n\nThe fifteen nations of the U.N. Security Council unanimously condemned the Ba’athist Syrian government for firing heavy weapons at civilians. The U.S., U.K., and eleven other nations jointly expelled Syrian ambassadors and diplomats from their territories.\n\nOn June 1, 2012, 41 out of 47 countries in the UNHRC supported a resolution condemning \"in the strongest possible terms such an outrageous use of force against the civilian population\". The resolution, which blamed Ba’athist Syrian government troops and pro-government militias, instructed an expert panel to conduct an \"international, transparent, independent and prompt investigation\". Russia, China and Cuba voted against the resolution, with Uganda and Ecuador abstaining, and the Philippines was absent during the vote. On June 27, the UNHRC published a preliminary report on rights violations in Syria. The report noted that the commission had \"yet to be afforded access to the country,\" which \"substantially hampered the investigation, and its findings should be viewed in that light.\" The report states that \"with the available evidence\" the Commission of Inquiry (CoI) could not rule out any of three possible perpetrators, but that \"while the CoI could not rule out the possibility of anti-Government fighters being responsible for the killing, it was considered unlikely.\" In August 2012, following continued investigations focusing on identifying the perpetrators, a report published by the UNHRC concluded there was a reasonable basis to believe the perpetrators were aligned to the Ba’athist Syrian government.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1378385120,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-04T06:30:23Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houla_massacre","wikidata_qid":"Q1137013","wikidata_classes":["massacre"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q178810","label":"Syrian Civil War","id":"syrian-civil-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"battle-of-aleppo-2012-2016","title":"Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)","date_start":"2012-07-19"},{"id":"rojava-revolution","title":"Rojava Revolution","date_start":"2012-07-19"},{"id":"battle-of-ras-al-ayn-2012-13","title":"Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2012–13)","date_start":"2012-12-17"},{"id":"battle-of-raqqa-2013","title":"Battle of Raqqa (2013)","date_start":"2013-03-02"},{"id":"siege-of-talkalakh-may-2011","title":"Siege of Talkalakh (May 2011)","date_start":"2011-05-14"}],"nearby":[{"id":"2023-homs-drone-strike","title":"2023 Homs drone strike","date_start":"2023-10-05","km":21.8,"bearing":133},{"id":"2012-homs-offensive","title":"2012 Homs offensive","date_start":"2012-04-14","km":24.9,"bearing":134},{"id":"siege-of-homs","title":"Siege of Homs","date_start":"2011-05-06","km":24.9,"bearing":134},{"id":"2024-homs-offensive","title":"2024 Homs offensive","date_start":"2024-12-05","km":25.2,"bearing":132},{"id":"1982-hama-massacre","title":"1982 Hama massacre","date_start":"1982-01-01","km":34.8,"bearing":39}],"same_time":[{"id":"2012-syrian-parliamentary-election","title":"2012 Syrian parliamentary election","date_start":"2012-05-07"},{"id":"2012-egyptian-presidential-election","title":"2012 Egyptian presidential election","date_start":"2012-06-16"},{"id":"battle-of-damascus-2012","title":"Battle of Damascus (2012)","date_start":"2012-07-15"},{"id":"2012-syrian-constitutional-referendum","title":"2012 Syrian constitutional referendum","date_start":"2012-02-26"},{"id":"port-said-stadium-riot","title":"Port Said Stadium riot","date_start":"2012-02-01"}]}},"houthi-insurgency":{"extract":"The Houthi insurgency, also known as the Sa'dah Wars, was a military rebellion pitting Zaidi Shia Houthis that began in northern Yemen and has since escalated into a full-scale civil war. The conflict was sparked in 2004 by the government's attempt to arrest Hussein al-Houthi, a Zaidi religious leader of the Houthis and a former parliamentarian on whose head the government had placed a $55,000 bounty.\n\nInitially, most of the fighting took place in Saada Governorate in northwestern Yemen, but some of the fighting spread to neighbouring governorates Hajjah, 'Amran, al-Jawf and the Saudi province of Jizan. After the Houthi takeover of the capital city Sanaa in late 2014, the insurgency became a full-blown civil war with a major Saudi-led intervention in Yemen beginning in March 2015.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1381725507,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-24T11:03:39Z","data_fixes":[{"ref":"F5","anchor":"f5---houthi-insurgency-dated-2015-instead-of-2004-houthi-insurgency-q255997"}],"wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthi_insurgency","wikidata_qid":"Q255997","wikidata_classes":["rebellion"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"month","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q15946570","label":"Yemeni crisis"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"south-yemen-insurgency","title":"South Yemen insurgency","date_start":"2009-04-27"},{"id":"yemeni-civil-war-2014-present","title":"Yemeni civil war (2014–present)","date_start":"2014-09-16"},{"id":"houthi-takeover-of-yemen","title":"Houthi takeover of Yemen","date_start":"2014-09-21"},{"id":"united-arab-emirates-occupation-of-socotra","title":"United Arab Emirates occupation of Socotra","date_start":"2018-04-30"}]}},"nova-music-festival-massacre":{"extract":"On 7 October 2023, the al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of the Palestinian nationalist and Islamist political organization Hamas, initiated a sudden attack on Israel from the Gaza Strip. As part of the attack, 378 people (344 civilians and 34 security personnel) were killed and many more wounded at the Supernova Sukkot Gathering, an open-air music festival during the Jewish holiday of Shemini Atzeret near kibbutz Re'im. Hamas also took 44 people hostage, and men and women were reportedly subject to sexual and gender-based violence. Some 20 of the attackers were also killed by Israeli security forces in the area of the festival.\n\nThis attack had the largest number of casualties out of a number of massacres targeting Israeli civilians in villages adjacent to the Gaza Strip, that occurred as part of the 7 October attack, alongside those at the kibbutzim and moshavim of Netiv HaAsara, Be'eri, Kfar Aza, Nir Oz and Holit.\n\nAt 6:30 a.m., which was around sunrise, rockets were noticed in the sky. Around 7:00 a.m., a siren warned of an incoming rocket attack, prompting festivalgoers to flee. Subsequently, armed militants, dressed in military attire and using motorcycles, trucks and powered paragliders, surrounded the festival grounds and indiscriminately fired on individuals attempting to escape. Attendees seeking refuge in nearby locations, such as bomb shelters, bushes, and orchards, were killed while in hiding. Those who reached the road and parking were trapped in a traffic jam as militants fired at vehicles. The militants killed some wounded individuals at point-blank range as they crouched on the ground.\n\nOn 13 October 2025, the last living hostage was released, and two days later the body of the last hostage was returned. The massacre at the festival was the largest terror attack in Israel's history, and the deadliest concert attack in history.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-10","wikipedia_revid":1381176606,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-20T13:36:55Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_music_festival_massacre","wikidata_qid":"Q122975233","wikidata_classes":["terrorist attack","massacre","kidnapping","hate crime"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":true,"findings":[{"guideline":"LABEL","guideline_name":"Contentious labels","shortcut":"MOS:LABEL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AManual_of_Style%2FWords_to_watch&oldid=1376702503#Contentious_labels","phrase":"the largest terror attack in Israel's history","note":"Uses \"terror\" for the massacre in Wikipedia's own voice, without saying who uses the label."}],"highlights":["the largest terror attack in Israel's history"]},"highlights":[{"text":"the largest terror attack in Israel's history","kind":"wording"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q122976243","label":"October 7 attacks","id":"october-7-attacks"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"alumim-massacre","title":"Alumim massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"be-eri-massacre","title":"Be'eri massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"ein-hashlosha-massacre","title":"Ein HaShlosha massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"holit-attack","title":"Holit attack","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"kfar-aza-massacre","title":"Kfar Aza massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07"}],"nearby":[{"id":"kissufim-massacre","title":"Kissufim massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07","km":7.3,"bearing":249},{"id":"nahal-oz-attack","title":"Nahal Oz attack","date_start":"2023-10-07","km":8.7,"bearing":16},{"id":"nirim-attack","title":"Nirim attack","date_start":"2023-10-07","km":10,"bearing":227},{"id":"first-battle-of-gaza","title":"First Battle of Gaza","date_start":"1917-03-26","km":10.2,"bearing":1},{"id":"second-battle-of-gaza","title":"Second Battle of Gaza","date_start":"1917-04-17","km":10.2,"bearing":1}],"same_time":[{"id":"2023-israel-hamas-war","title":"Gaza war","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"battle-of-re-im","title":"Battle of Re'im","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"battle-of-sderot","title":"Battle of Sderot","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"gaza-genocide","title":"Gaza genocide","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"kidnapping-and-killing-of-the-bibas-family","title":"Kidnapping and murder of the Bibas family","date_start":"2023-10-07"}]}},"alumim-massacre":{"extract":"On 7 October 2023, dozens of Hamas militants attacked Alumim, a kibbutz close to the border fence with the Gaza Strip, as part of the surprise attack on Israel. There were 41 Thai and Nepalese foreigners working at the kibbutz. The militants killed between 16 and 17 of these workers and kidnapped between five and eight of them. The kibbutz's security team were too far away and unable to save the employees. The militants did severe structural damage to the Kibbutz's dairy farming operation.\n\nAfter heavy fighting, the security team were able to push the militants back with the help of the Israel Defense Forces and police. No deaths among the remaining civilian population of the kibbutz were reported, although one Israeli civilian who had fled to the kibbutz after escaping the Nova music festival massacre was killed by the defenders in a case of mistaken identity. Three Israeli soldiers, two of them off-duty soldiers who had come to volunteer, and a police officer were killed in the fighting.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1351639433,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-04-29T05:52:37Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alumim_massacre","wikidata_qid":"Q123113376","wikidata_classes":["massacre","terrorist attack","hate crime"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q122976243","label":"October 7 attacks","id":"october-7-attacks"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"be-eri-massacre","title":"Be'eri massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"ein-hashlosha-massacre","title":"Ein HaShlosha massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"holit-attack","title":"Holit attack","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"kfar-aza-massacre","title":"Kfar Aza massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"kissufim-massacre","title":"Kissufim massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07"}],"nearby":[{"id":"nahal-oz-attack","title":"Nahal Oz attack","date_start":"2023-10-07","km":2.8,"bearing":326},{"id":"first-battle-of-gaza","title":"First Battle of Gaza","date_start":"1917-03-26","km":5.6,"bearing":318},{"id":"second-battle-of-gaza","title":"Second Battle of Gaza","date_start":"1917-04-17","km":5.6,"bearing":318},{"id":"third-battle-of-gaza","title":"Third Battle of Gaza","date_start":"1917-11-01","km":5.6,"bearing":318},{"id":"killing-of-alon-shamriz-yotam-haim-and-samer-talalka","title":"Killing of Alon Shamriz, Yotam Haim, and Samer Talalka","date_start":"2023-12-15","km":6.8,"bearing":323}],"same_time":[{"id":"2023-israel-hamas-war","title":"Gaza war","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"battle-of-re-im","title":"Battle of Re'im","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"battle-of-sderot","title":"Battle of Sderot","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"gaza-genocide","title":"Gaza genocide","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"kidnapping-and-killing-of-the-bibas-family","title":"Kidnapping and murder of the Bibas family","date_start":"2023-10-07"}]}},"operation-yoav":{"extract":"Operation Yoav (also called Operation Ten Plagues or Operation Yo'av) was an Israeli military operation carried out from 15–22 October 1948 in the Negev Desert, during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. Its goal was to drive a wedge between the Egyptian forces along the coast and the Beersheba–Hebron–Jerusalem road, and ultimately to conquer the whole Negev. Operation Yoav was headed by the Southern Front commander Yigal Allon. The operation was named after Yitzhak Dubno, codenamed \"Yoav\" by his commanders in the Palmach. Dubno, a senior Palmach officer, was charged with planning and leading the defense of the kibbutzim Negba and Yad Mordechai. Dubno was killed in an air raid on Kibbutz Negba shortly after Egyptian forces began their offensive on Israel's southern front.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1371958228,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-29T15:56:15Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Yoav","wikidata_qid":"Q2890420","wikidata_classes":["military operation"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q49092","label":"1948 Arab–Israeli War","id":"1948-arab-israeli-war"},{"qid":"Q12184968","label":"ethnic cleansing in Palestine"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"al-dawayima-massacre","title":"Al-Dawayima massacre","date_start":"1948-10-29"},{"id":"operation-hiram","title":"Operation Hiram","date_start":"1948-10-29"},{"id":"operation-horev","title":"Operation Horev","date_start":"1948-12-22"},{"id":"operation-pleshet","title":"Operation Pleshet","date_start":"1948-05-29"},{"id":"operation-uvda","title":"Operation Uvda","date_start":"1949-03-05"}],"same_time":[{"id":"safsaf-massacre","title":"Safsaf massacre","date_start":"1948-10-29"},{"id":"eilabun-massacre","title":"Eilabun massacre","date_start":"1948-10-30"},{"id":"hula-massacre","title":"Hula massacre","date_start":"1948-11-01"},{"id":"1949-israeli-constituent-assembly-election","title":"1949 Israeli Constituent Assembly election","date_start":"1949-01-25"},{"id":"battles-of-latrun-1948","title":"Battles of Latrun (1948)","date_start":"1948-05-24"}]}},"may-2025-gaza-offensive":{"extract":"On 4 May 2025, Israel's security cabinet approved a plan to expand its military offensive in the Gaza Strip. Codenamed Operation Gideon's Chariots (Hebrew: מבצע מרכבות גדעון), the offensive aimed to defeat Hamas, destroy its military and governing capabilities, and take control over three quarters of the Gaza Strip. The operation involved combined military force from land, air, and sea. On 16 May, Israel announced the launch of the operation. As of 4 July, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) said it controlled approximately 65% of the Gaza Strip, most of which was captured during this offensive though this figure was disputed as being inaccurate and understating the control Hamas retains in Gaza. The United Nations Human Rights Office condemned the offensive as tantamount to ethnic cleansing.\n\nHamas responded with a counter-offensive that it calls Stones of David, consisting of a series of ambushes and small-scale military operations against the IDF.\n\nOn 4 August, Israeli sources reported the offensive had ended, without having achieved key Israeli aims, while the main territorial objective of capturing 75% of the Strip had been achieved. On 20 August, Israel launched \"Operation Gideon's Chariots II\", framed as a second part to the offensive, which aimed to take over Gaza City.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1379009500,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-07T10:13:57Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2025_Gaza_offensive","wikidata_qid":"Q134352816","wikidata_classes":["military operation"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q122962941","label":"Gaza War","id":"2023-israel-hamas-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"rafah-paramedic-massacre","title":"Rafah paramedic massacre","date_start":"2025-03-23"},{"id":"march-2025-israeli-attacks-on-the-gaza-strip","title":"March 2025 Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip","date_start":"2025-03-18"},{"id":"march-may-2025-united-states-attacks-in-yemen","title":"March–May 2025 United States attacks in Yemen","date_start":"2025-03-15"},{"id":"2025-nasser-hospital-strikes","title":"2025 Nasser Hospital strikes","date_start":"2025-08-25"},{"id":"israeli-attack-on-doha","title":"Israeli attack on Doha","date_start":"2025-09-09"}],"same_time":[{"id":"2025-gaza-strip-aid-distribution-killings","title":"2025 Gaza Strip aid distribution killings","date_start":"2025-05-27"},{"id":"twelve-day-war","title":"Twelve-Day War","date_start":"2025-06-13"},{"id":"2025-united-states-strikes-on-iranian-nuclear-sites","title":"2025 United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites","date_start":"2025-06-22"},{"id":"mar-elias-church-attack","title":"Mar Elias Church attack","date_start":"2025-06-22"},{"id":"2025-iranian-strikes-on-al-udeid-air-base","title":"2025 Iranian strikes on Al Udeid Air Base","date_start":"2025-06-23"}]}},"1992-israeli-legislative-election":{"extract":"Elections for the 13th Knesset were held in Israel on 23 June 1992. The election resulted in the formation of a Labor government, led by Yitzhak Rabin, helped by the failure of several small right wing parties to pass the electoral threshold. Voter turnout was 77%.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1381352348,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-21T20:55:52Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Israeli_legislative_election","wikidata_qid":"Q2917044","wikidata_classes":["Israeli legislative election","public election"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"operation-southern-watch","title":"Operation Southern Watch","date_start":"1992-08-27"}]}},"united-arab-emirates-occupation-of-socotra":{"extract":"On 30 April 2018, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) deployed more than a hundred troops with artillery and armored vehicles to the Yemeni archipelago of Socotra in the Guardafui Channel without prior coordination with the Yemeni government, causing the relations of the two countries to deteriorate. The initial deployment consisted of UAE military aircraft carrying more than fifty UAE soldiers and two armored vehicles, followed by two more aircraft carrying more soldiers, tanks and other armored vehicles. Al Jazeera reported that shortly after landing, UAE forces dismissed Yemeni soldiers stationed at administrative installations such as Socotra Airport and seaports until further notice, and the flag of the United Arab Emirates was raised above official government buildings in Hadibu. On 14 May an agreement was reached between the UAE and Yemen which saw Yemen regain administrative control and Saudi Arabian troops also being deployed to the island.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1371240618,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-25T11:10:50Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_occupation_of_Socotra","wikidata_qid":"Q52770979","wikidata_classes":["military occupation","armed conflict"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q15946570","label":"Yemeni crisis"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"houthi-takeover-of-yemen","title":"Houthi takeover of Yemen","date_start":"2014-09-21"},{"id":"yemeni-civil-war-2014-present","title":"Yemeni civil war (2014–present)","date_start":"2014-09-16"},{"id":"south-yemen-insurgency","title":"South Yemen insurgency","date_start":"2009-04-27"},{"id":"houthi-insurgency","title":"Houthi insurgency","date_start":"2004-06-01"}],"same_time":[{"id":"2018-lebanese-general-election","title":"2018 Lebanese general election","date_start":"2018-05-06"},{"id":"united-states-withdrawal-from-the-joint-comprehensive-plan-of-action","title":"United States withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal","date_start":"2018-05-08"},{"id":"operation-house-of-cards","title":"Operation House of Cards","date_start":"2018-05-10"},{"id":"2018-iraqi-parliamentary-election","title":"2018 Iraqi parliamentary election","date_start":"2018-05-12"},{"id":"april-2018-missile-strikes-against-syria","title":"April 2018 missile strikes against Syria","date_start":"2018-04-14"}]}},"syria-missile-strikes-september-2018":{"extract":"On 17 September 2018, the Israeli Air Force (IAF) conducted missile strikes against multiple targets in government-controlled western Syria. Syrian air defences responded to the Israeli fighter jets, accidentally shooting a Russian military Il-20, killing 15 crew aboard. Russia blamed Israel for the loss of its plane, accusing the IAF of \"hiding behind the Russian aircraft\", thereby putting it in the line of fire. The Israel Defense Forces acknowledged striking a Syrian weapons facility, and expressed sorrow for the loss of lives due to Syrian fire. The strikes occurred a few hours after a Russo-Turkish agreement to create a demilitarized zone around Idlib Governorate was achieved, which postponed an imminent offensive operation by Syria's forces and its allies.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1373929490,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-08T20:22:16Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(September_2018)","wikidata_qid":"Q56650604","wikidata_classes":["armed conflict"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q15059994","label":"Iran–Israel proxy conflict","id":"iran-israel-proxy-conflict"},{"qid":"Q178810","label":"Syrian Civil War","id":"syrian-civil-war"},{"qid":"Q8669","label":"Arab–Israeli conflict","id":"arab-israeli-conflict"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"december-2019-united-states-airstrikes-in-iraq-and-syria","title":"December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria","date_start":"2019-01-01"},{"id":"operation-house-of-cards","title":"Operation House of Cards","date_start":"2018-05-10"},{"id":"northwestern-syria-offensive-2019-2020","title":"Northwestern Syria offensive (2019–2020)","date_start":"2019-12-19"},{"id":"2017-aleppo-suicide-car-bombing","title":"2017 Aleppo suicide car bombing","date_start":"2017-04-15"},{"id":"2017-shayrat-missile-strike","title":"2017 Shayrat missile strike","date_start":"2017-04-07"}],"nearby":[{"id":"battle-of-latakia","title":"Battle of Latakia","date_start":"1973-10-07","km":5.3,"bearing":256}],"same_time":[{"id":"ahvaz-military-parade-attack","title":"Ahvaz military parade attack","date_start":"2018-09-21"},{"id":"2015-2018-iraqi-protests","title":"2015–2018 Iraqi protests","date_start":"2018-09-07"},{"id":"killing-of-jamal-khashoggi","title":"Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi","date_start":"2018-10-02"},{"id":"2018-turkish-general-election","title":"2018 Turkish general election","date_start":"2018-06-24"},{"id":"2018-turkish-parliamentary-election","title":"2018 Turkish parliamentary election","date_start":"2018-06-24"}]}},"2023-afghanistan-iran-clash":{"extract":"On 27 May 2023, the Armed Forces of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan and Iranian border guards clashed along the Afghanistan–Iran border between the Afghan Nimruz Province and the Iranian Sistan and Baluchestan province. After a brief clash, the two sides de-escalated the situation.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1370424795,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-21T02:04:17Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Afghanistan%E2%80%93Iran_clash","wikidata_qid":"Q118779713","wikidata_classes":["border conflict","armed conflict","political crisis","international crisis"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"month","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q1519107","label":"Afghan Conflict"}]},"2025-iranian-strikes-on-al-udeid-air-base":{"extract":"On 23 June 2025, Iran launched missiles at Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar, in retaliation for the United States strikes on Iranian nuclear facilities on 22 June as part of the Twelve-Day War. The attack, codenamed Operation Glad Tidings of Victory, followed a 16 June drone attack by Iran on the US consulate in Erbil, Iraq. It was Iran's second attack on a US base, after Operation Martyr Soleimani in 2020. Iran warned Qatar and the US hours before the attack, as it had before its response to the assassination of Qasem Soleimani. Shortly after, the Taji military base and Imam Ali base in Iraq were both attacked by drones.\n\nQatar had closed its airspace before the missiles arrived, and claimed to have intercepted all of them. After the attack, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Kuwait, and Iraq also closed their airspaces. The attack was met with condemnation throughout some countries. Satellite imagery revealed noticeable damage to the white radar dome in the base.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1368281764,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-08T03:54:30Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Iranian_strikes_on_Al_Udeid_Air_Base","wikidata_qid":"Q135034691","wikidata_classes":["missile strike","armed conflict","airstrike","bombardment"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q134900605","label":"Twelve-Day War","id":"twelve-day-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"2025-united-states-strikes-on-iranian-nuclear-sites","title":"2025 United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites","date_start":"2025-06-22"},{"id":"june-2025-iranian-strikes-on-israel","title":"June 2025 Iranian strikes on Israel","date_start":"2025-06-01"},{"id":"june-2025-israeli-strikes-on-iran","title":"June 2025 Israeli strikes on Iran","date_start":"2025-06-01"}],"same_time":[{"id":"mar-elias-church-attack","title":"Mar Elias Church attack","date_start":"2025-06-22"},{"id":"southern-syria-clashes-july-september-2025","title":"Southern Syria clashes (July–September 2025)","date_start":"2025-07-13"},{"id":"2025-gaza-strip-aid-distribution-killings","title":"2025 Gaza Strip aid distribution killings","date_start":"2025-05-27"},{"id":"may-2025-gaza-offensive","title":"May 2025 Gaza offensive","date_start":"2025-05-17"},{"id":"2025-nasser-hospital-strikes","title":"2025 Nasser Hospital strikes","date_start":"2025-08-25"}]}}}