{"treaty-of-s-vres":{"extract":"The Treaty of Sèvres (French: Traité de Sèvres) was a 1920 treaty signed between some of the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire, but not ratified. The treaty would have required the cession of large parts of Ottoman territory to France, the United Kingdom, Greece, and Italy, as well as creating large occupation zones within the Ottoman Empire. It was one of a series of treaties that the Central Powers signed with the Allied Powers after their defeat in World War I. Hostilities had already ended with the Armistice of Mudros.\n\nThe treaty was signed on 10 August 1920 in an exhibition room at the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres porcelain factory in Sèvres, France.\n\nThe Treaty of Sèvres marked the beginning of the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire. The treaty's stipulations included the renunciation of most territory not inhabited by Turkish people and their cession to the Allied administration.\n\nThe ceding of Eastern Mediterranean lands saw the introduction of novel polities, including the British Mandate for Palestine and the French Mandate for Syria and Lebanon.\n\nThe terms stirred hostility and Turkish nationalism. The treaty's signatories were stripped of their citizenship by the Grand National Assembly, led by Mustafa Kemal Pasha, which ignited the Turkish War of Independence. Hostilities with Britain over the neutral zone of the Straits were narrowly avoided in the Chanak crisis of September 1922, when the Armistice of Mudanya was concluded on 11 October, leading the former Allies of World War I to return to the negotiating table with the Turks in November 1922. The 1923 Treaty of Lausanne, which superseded the Treaty of Sèvres, ended the conflict and saw the establishment of the Republic of Turkey.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1369307123,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-14T04:57:19Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres","wikidata_qid":"Q182515","wikidata_classes":["peace treaty","multilateral treaty","treaty"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"country-fallback:Turkey","text_from_article":null,"hand_picked":true,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"1920-capture-of-damascus","title":"1920 capture of Damascus","date_start":"1920-07-24"},{"id":"battle-of-maysalun","title":"Battle of Maysalun","date_start":"1920-07-24"},{"id":"san-remo-conference","title":"San Remo conference","date_start":"1920-04-19"},{"id":"1920-nebi-musa-riots","title":"1920 Nebi Musa riots","date_start":"1920-04-04"},{"id":"franco-syrian-war","title":"Franco-Syrian War","date_start":"1920-03-08"}]}},"camp-david-accords":{"extract":"The Camp David Accords were a pair of political agreements signed by Egyptian president Anwar Sadat and Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin on 17 September 1978, following twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David, the country retreat of the president of the United States in Maryland. The two framework agreements were signed at the White House and were witnessed by President Jimmy Carter. The second of these frameworks (A Framework for the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel) led directly to the 1979 Egypt–Israel peace treaty. Due to the agreement, Sadat and Begin received the shared 1978 Nobel Peace Prize. The first framework (A Framework for Peace in the Middle East), which dealt with the Palestinian territories, was written without participation of any Palestinians and was condemned by the United Nations.\n\nThe agreement sparked broad discontent throughout much of the Arab world, as it was perceived as a unilateral peace initiative that neglected the establishment of a Palestinian state, ultimately seen as weakening the cohesion of the Arab position.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1374583077,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-12T23:04:05Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_David_Accords","wikidata_qid":"Q309204","wikidata_classes":["peace treaty","treaty"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"country-fallback:Egypt","text_from_article":null,"hand_picked":true,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q4783126","label":"Arab-Israeli peace projects"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"egypt-israel-peace-treaty","title":"Egypt–Israel peace treaty","date_start":"1979-03-26"},{"id":"may-17-agreement","title":"May 17 Agreement","date_start":"1983-05-17"},{"id":"israel-jordan-peace-treaty","title":"Israel–Jordan peace treaty","date_start":"1994-10-26"},{"id":"abraham-accords","title":"Abraham Accords","date_start":"2020-09-15"}],"same_time":[{"id":"black-friday-1978","title":"Black Friday (1978)","date_start":"1978-09-08"},{"id":"cinema-rex-fire","title":"Cinema Rex fire","date_start":"1978-08-19"},{"id":"1979-international-women-s-day-protests-in-tehran","title":"1979 International Women's Day protests in Tehran","date_start":"1979-03-08"}]}},"assassination-of-qasem-soleimani":{"extract":"On 3 January 2020, Qasem Soleimani, an Iranian major general, was assassinated by an American drone strike ordered by U.S. president Donald Trump near Baghdad International Airport in Iraq, while travelling to meet Iraqi prime minister Adil Abdul-Mahdi.\n\nSoleimani was commander of the Quds Force, one of five branches of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), which is designated as a terrorist organization by both the United States and European Parliament. Soleimani was considered the second most powerful person in Iran, subordinate to Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, even being considered Khamenei's right-hand man. Five Iraqi nationals and four other Iranian nationals were killed alongside Soleimani, including the deputy chairman of Iraq's Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) and commander of the Iran-backed Kata'ib Hezbollah militia, Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis. The Pentagon said Soleimani and his troops were \"responsible for the deaths of hundreds of American and coalition service members and the wounding of thousands more\". However, questions concerning the U.S. military command's level of attribution to the Quds Force for Iraq's domestic production of explosively formed penetrators, to the source of foreign production and \"technology and the training on how to use it\", and the level of transparency regarding this information at the time of accusation, were raised contemporaneously.\n\nThe strike occurred during the 2019–2022 Persian Gulf crisis, which began after the U.S. withdrew from the 2015 nuclear deal with Iran in 2018, reimposed sanctions, and accused Iranian elements of fomenting a campaign to harass U.S. forces in the region in 2019. On 27 December 2019, the K-1 Air Base in Iraq, which hosts Iraqi and U.S. personnel, was attacked, killing an American contractor. The U.S. responded by launching airstrikes across Iraq and Syria, reportedly killing 25 Kata'ib Hezbollah militiamen. Days later, Shia militiamen and their supporters retaliated by attacking the U.S. embassy in the Green Zone.\n\nU.S. officials justified the Soleimani strike saying it was necessary to stop an \"imminent attack\", though later clarifying the legal justification of the action as being taken \"in response to an escalating series of attacks...to protect United States personnel, to deter Iran from conducting or supporting further attacks...and to end Iran's strategic escalation of attacks...\" Some experts, including the United Nations special rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, considered the assassination as a likely violation of international law as well as U.S. domestic laws. Iran called the strike an act of \"state terrorism\". The Iraqi government said the attack undermined its national sovereignty and considered it a breach of its bilateral security agreements with the U.S. and an act of aggression against its officials. On 5 January 2020, the Iraqi parliament passed a non-binding resolution to expel all foreign troops from its territory while, on the same day, Iran took the fifth and last step of reducing commitments to the 2015 international nuclear deal.\n\nSoleimani's killing sharply escalated tensions between the U.S. and Iran. Iranian leaders vowed revenge, while U.S. officials said they would preemptively attack any Iran-backed paramilitary groups in Iraq that they perceived as a threat. Many in the international community reacted with concern and urged restraint and diplomacy. On 8 January 2020, five days after the airstrike, Iran launched a series of missile attacks on U.S. forces based in Iraq, the first known direct engagement between Iran and the U.S. since the naval battle precipitating the Vincennes incident on 3 July 1988. That same day, the IRGC shot down a civilian airliner Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752. Following the shootdown, no additional military actions took place.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1380492206,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-16T01:34:57Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Qasem_Soleimani","wikidata_qid":"Q80754846","wikidata_classes":["drone warfare","assassination","targeted killing","missile strike","military operation","armed conflict","airstrike","bombardment"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"hand_picked":true,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q65920364","label":"Persian Gulf crisis (2019–2020)"},{"qid":"Q18159629","label":"US-led intervention in Iraq"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"attack-on-the-united-states-embassy-in-baghdad","title":"Attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad","date_start":"2019-12-31"},{"id":"operation-martyr-soleimani","title":"Operation Martyr Soleimani","date_start":"2020-01-08"},{"id":"ukraine-international-airlines-flight-752","title":"Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752","date_start":"2020-01-08"},{"id":"abqaiq-khurais-attack","title":"Abqaiq–Khurais attack","date_start":"2019-09-14"},{"id":"december-2019-united-states-airstrikes-in-iraq-and-syria","title":"December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria","date_start":"2019-01-01"}],"nearby":[{"id":"amiriyah-shelter-bombing","title":"Amiriyah shelter bombing","date_start":"1991-02-13","km":4.9,"bearing":28},{"id":"nisour-square-massacre","title":"Nisour Square massacre","date_start":"2007-09-16","km":10.5,"bearing":62},{"id":"2016-karrada-bombing","title":"2016 Karrada bombing","date_start":"2016-07-03","km":15.8,"bearing":74},{"id":"battle-of-baghdad-2003","title":"Battle of Baghdad (2003)","date_start":"2003-01-01","km":16.6,"bearing":68},{"id":"january-2021-baghdad-bombings","title":"January 2021 Baghdad bombings","date_start":"2021-01-21","km":16.6,"bearing":61}],"same_time":[{"id":"northwestern-syria-offensive-2019-2020","title":"Northwestern Syria offensive (2019–2020)","date_start":"2019-12-19"},{"id":"2019-2020-iranian-protests","title":"2019–2020 Iranian protests","date_start":"2019-11-15"},{"id":"operation-spring-shield","title":"Operation Spring Shield","date_start":"2020-02-27"},{"id":"united-states-taliban-deal","title":"United States–Taliban deal","date_start":"2020-02-29"},{"id":"2020-israeli-legislative-election","title":"2020 Israeli legislative election","date_start":"2020-03-02"}]}},"battle-of-basra-1914":{"extract":"The Battle of Basra was a battle of World War I which took place south of the city of Basra, in Ottoman Iraq, between British and Ottoman troops from November 11 to November 22, 1914. The battle resulted in the British capture of Basra.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1370433519,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-21T02:54:04Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Basra_(1914)","wikidata_qid":"Q1327145","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q18937","label":"Mesopotamian campaign","id":"mesopotamian-campaign"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"fao-landing","title":"Fao Landing","date_start":"1914-11-06"},{"id":"battle-of-qurna","title":"Battle of Qurna","date_start":"1914-12-03"},{"id":"battle-of-ctesiphon-1915","title":"Battle of Ctesiphon (1915)","date_start":"1915-11-22"},{"id":"siege-of-kut","title":"Siege of Kut","date_start":"1915-12-07"},{"id":"battle-of-wadi-1916","title":"Battle of Wadi (1916)","date_start":"1916-01-13"}],"nearby":[{"id":"battle-of-khorramshahr-1980","title":"Battle of Khorramshahr (1980)","date_start":"1980-09-22","km":15.6,"bearing":83},{"id":"battle-of-khorramshahr-1982","title":"Battle of Khorramshahr (1982)","date_start":"1982-04-24","km":15.6,"bearing":83},{"id":"cinema-rex-fire","title":"Cinema Rex fire","date_start":"1978-08-19","km":27.1,"bearing":110},{"id":"siege-of-abadan","title":"Siege of Abadan","date_start":"1980-11-06","km":27.2,"bearing":110},{"id":"battle-of-umm-qasr","title":"Battle of Umm Qasr","date_start":"2003-03-21","km":43.9,"bearing":190}],"same_time":[{"id":"middle-eastern-theatre-of-world-war-i","title":"Middle Eastern theatre of World War I","date_start":"1914-10-30"},{"id":"caucasus-campaign","title":"Caucasus campaign","date_start":"1914-10-29"},{"id":"ottoman-entry-into-world-war-i","title":"Ottoman entry into World War I","date_start":"1914-10-29"},{"id":"battle-of-sarikamish","title":"Battle of Sarikamish","date_start":"1914-12-22"},{"id":"battle-of-ardahan","title":"Battle of Ardahan","date_start":"1914-12-25"}]}},"raid-on-alexandria-1941":{"extract":"The Raid on Alexandria (Operazione EA 3) was carried out on 19 December 1941 by Royal Italian Navy (Regia Marina) divers of the Decima Flottiglia MAS (Decima Flottiglia Motoscafi Armati Siluranti), who attacked and severely damaged two Royal Navy battleships at their moorings and damaged an oil tanker and a destroyer in the harbour of Alexandria, Egypt, using Siluro Lenta Corsa, manned torpedoes.\n\nThe attacks came at a difficult time for the Mediterranean Fleet, after the loss of the aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal and the battleship Barham to U-boats, the loss of ships during the Battle of Crete and the sinking of much of Force K on an Italian minefield, the day before the human torpedo attack on Alexandria. Ships also had to be sent to the Eastern Fleet in the Indian Ocean.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1377064828,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-27T18:58:54Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raid_on_Alexandria_(1941)","wikidata_qid":"Q2606324","wikidata_classes":["naval battle","battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q696817","label":"Mediterranean and Middle East Theater of World War II","id":"mediterranean-and-middle-east-theatre-of-world-war-ii"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"anglo-soviet-invasion-of-iran","title":"Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran","date_start":"1941-08-25"},{"id":"syria-lebanon-campaign","title":"Syria–Lebanon campaign","date_start":"1941-06-08"},{"id":"anglo-iraqi-war","title":"Anglo-Iraqi War","date_start":"1941-05-02"},{"id":"bombing-of-bahrain-in-world-war-ii","title":"Bombing of Bahrain in World War II","date_start":"1940-10-19"}],"nearby":[{"id":"2011-alexandria-bombing","title":"2011 Alexandria bombing","date_start":"2011-01-01","km":15.5,"bearing":53}],"same_time":[{"id":"operation-crusader","title":"Operation Crusader","date_start":"1941-11-18"},{"id":"battle-of-palmyra-1941","title":"Battle of Palmyra (1941)","date_start":"1941-07-01"}]}},"gulf-air-flight-771":{"extract":"Gulf Air Flight 771 was an international scheduled passenger flight from Jinnah International Airport, Karachi, Pakistan, to Abu Dhabi International Airport, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. On 23 September 1983, while the Boeing 737-200 was on approach, a bomb, planted by the Iraqi-based Palestinian nationalist militant group, Abu Nidal Organization, exploded in the baggage compartment, resulting in a fire. The aircraft crashed in the desert near Jebel Ali between Abu Dhabi and Dubai. All 105 passengers and 7 crew members died. To date, it is the deadliest air disaster in the history of the United Arab Emirates, along with Sterling Airways Flight 296 in 1972 which also had 112 fatalities.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1381294627,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-21T11:35:35Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_Air_Flight_771","wikidata_qid":"Q2335758","wikidata_classes":["airliner bombing","bomb attack","mass murder","terrorist attack"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"1983-beirut-barracks-bombings","title":"1983 Beirut barracks bombings","date_start":"1983-10-23"},{"id":"may-17-agreement","title":"May 17 Agreement","date_start":"1983-05-17"},{"id":"1983-us-embassy-bombing-in-beirut","title":"1983 US embassy bombing in Beirut","date_start":"1983-04-18"}]}},"nisour-square-massacre":{"extract":"The Nisour Square massacre occurred on September 16, 2007, when employees of Blackwater Security Consulting (now Constellis), which was a private military company contracted by the United States government to provide security services in Iraq, shot at Iraqi civilians, killing 17 and injuring 20 in Nisour Square, Baghdad, while escorting a U.S. embassy convoy. The killings outraged Iraqis and strained relations between Iraq and the United States. In 2014, four Blackwater employees were tried and convicted in U.S. federal court; one of murder, and the other three of manslaughter and firearms charges. In 2020, all four convicted were pardoned by President Donald Trump. United Nations experts said the pardons \"violate U.S. obligations under international law and more broadly undermine humanitarian law and human rights at a global level\".\n\nBlackwater contractors claimed that the convoy was ambushed and that they fired at the attackers in defense of the convoy. The Iraqi government and Iraqi Police investigator Faris Saadi Abdul stated that the killings were unprovoked. The next day, Blackwater Worldwide's license to operate in Iraq was temporarily revoked. The U.S. Department of State said that \"innocent life was lost\", and according to The Washington Post, a military report appeared to corroborate \"the Iraqi government's contention that Blackwater was at fault\". The Iraqi government vowed to punish Blackwater. The incident sparked at least five investigations, including one from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The FBI investigation found that, of the 17 Iraqis killed by the guards, at least 14 were shot without cause.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1379569181,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-10T19:44:19Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisour_Square_massacre","wikidata_qid":"Q1018682","wikidata_classes":["massacre"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":true,"findings":[{"guideline":"SAID","guideline_name":"Synonyms for \"said\"","shortcut":"MOS:SAID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AManual_of_Style%2FWords_to_watch&oldid=1376702503#Synonyms_for_said","phrase":"Blackwater contractors claimed","note":"The Blackwater contractors \"claimed\" self-defence, while the Iraqi government \"stated\" the killings were unprovoked."}],"highlights":["Blackwater contractors claimed"]},"highlights":[{"text":"Blackwater contractors claimed","kind":"wording"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q545449","label":"Iraq War","id":"iraq-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"battle-of-basra-2008","title":"Battle of Basra (2008)","date_start":"2008-03-25"},{"id":"iraqi-civil-war-2006-2008","title":"Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)","date_start":"2006-02-22"},{"id":"second-battle-of-fallujah","title":"Second Battle of Fallujah","date_start":"2004-12-23"},{"id":"battle-of-samarra-2004","title":"Battle of Samarra (2004)","date_start":"2004-10-01"},{"id":"first-battle-of-fallujah","title":"First Battle of Fallujah","date_start":"2004-04-04"}],"nearby":[{"id":"attack-on-the-united-states-embassy-in-baghdad","title":"Attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad","date_start":"2019-12-31","km":3.7,"bearing":96},{"id":"december-2019-united-states-airstrikes-in-iraq-and-syria","title":"December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria","date_start":"2019-01-01","km":3.7,"bearing":96},{"id":"2016-karrada-bombing","title":"2016 Karrada bombing","date_start":"2016-07-03","km":6,"bearing":96},{"id":"january-2021-baghdad-bombings","title":"January 2021 Baghdad bombings","date_start":"2021-01-21","km":6.1,"bearing":59},{"id":"battle-of-baghdad-2003","title":"Battle of Baghdad (2003)","date_start":"2003-01-01","km":6.1,"bearing":77}],"same_time":[{"id":"2007-turkish-presidential-election","title":"2007 Turkish presidential election","date_start":"2007-08-28"},{"id":"qahtaniyah-bombings","title":"Qahtaniyah bombings","date_start":"2007-08-14"},{"id":"2007-turkish-general-election","title":"2007 Turkish general election","date_start":"2007-07-22"},{"id":"july-12-2007-baghdad-airstrike","title":"July 12, 2007, Baghdad airstrike","date_start":"2007-07-12"},{"id":"battle-of-gaza-2007","title":"Battle of Gaza (2007)","date_start":"2007-06-10"}]}},"nirim-attack":{"extract":"On 7 October 2023, a surprise assault was launched on Israel by Hamas militants coming from the Gaza Strip. One of their targets was Nirim, a kibbutz located in the southern part of Israel, about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from the border with Gaza. Five kibbutz civilians were killed, many were injured and five civilians were kidnapped and taken hostage to Gaza.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1375928235,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-20T23:13:14Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirim_attack","wikidata_qid":"Q123161314","wikidata_classes":["massacre","terrorist attack","hate crime"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q122976243","label":"October 7 attacks","id":"october-7-attacks"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"alumim-massacre","title":"Alumim massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"be-eri-massacre","title":"Be'eri massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"ein-hashlosha-massacre","title":"Ein HaShlosha massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"holit-attack","title":"Holit attack","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"kfar-aza-massacre","title":"Kfar Aza massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07"}],"nearby":[{"id":"nir-oz-attack","title":"Nir Oz attack","date_start":"2023-10-07","km":3,"bearing":167},{"id":"kissufim-massacre","title":"Kissufim massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07","km":4.3,"bearing":6},{"id":"khan-yunis-massacre","title":"Khan Yunis massacre","date_start":"1956-11-03","km":8.8,"bearing":276},{"id":"2025-nasser-hospital-strikes","title":"2025 Nasser Hospital strikes","date_start":"2025-08-25","km":9.7,"bearing":278},{"id":"nova-music-festival-massacre","title":"Nova music festival massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07","km":10,"bearing":47}],"same_time":[{"id":"2023-israel-hamas-war","title":"Gaza war","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"battle-of-re-im","title":"Battle of Re'im","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"battle-of-sderot","title":"Battle of Sderot","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"gaza-genocide","title":"Gaza genocide","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"kidnapping-and-killing-of-the-bibas-family","title":"Kidnapping and murder of the Bibas family","date_start":"2023-10-07"}]}},"tel-al-sultan-attack":{"extract":"On 26 May 2024, the Israeli Air Force bombed a displacement camp in Tel al-Sultan, Rafah. The attack, which set the camp on fire, killed between 45 and 50 Palestinians and injured more than 200. Sometimes referred to as the Rafah tent massacre or as the Tent Massacre (Arabic: مجزرة الخيم, romanized: Majzarat al-khiyam), it was the deadliest incident of the Rafah offensive.\n\nWhen Israel invaded Rafah and ordered the evacuation of its east, some citizens fled to other parts of the city, like Tel al-Sultan, seeking safety. One week before the bombing, Israel had designated the neighborhood as a \"safe zone\" and dropped leaflets instructing Palestinians to move there. Two days before the attack, the International Court of Justice ordered Israel to halt its offensive, but Israel interpreted the order differently and continued its operations.\n\nOn the night of the attack, Israel struck the neighborhood with two U.S. made GBU-39 glide bombs. The bombs ignited a fire in the \"Kuwaiti Peace\" tent camp; many civilians were trapped and burned alive. Israel killed four militants and injured one commander. It claimed it attacked an outer \"Hamas compound\" and accidentally set off the fire. However, videos and satellite images showed that the location of the airstrike was inside the refugee camp itself, and some sources alleged Israel deliberately targeted civilians. Military analysts stated that bombs used by Israel have a large effect radius, and therefore should not have been used in a densely populated civilian area. An investigation by Amnesty International concluded that militants were in the camp, but that Israel knowingly put civilians at risk. Images of the attack spread internationally, described as \"some of the worst\" of the war.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1363132269,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-07-08T07:01:56Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_al-Sultan_attack","wikidata_qid":"Q126140767","wikidata_classes":["airstrike","conflagration","massacre"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":true,"note":"Gives Israel's account and Amnesty's finding that militants were present, but the emphasis is on the \"safe zone\" and civilians burned alive.","highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q122962941","label":"Gaza War","id":"2023-israel-hamas-war"},{"qid":"Q124512668","label":"Rafah offensive"},{"qid":"Q124086054","label":"Gaza genocide","id":"gaza-genocide"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"nuseirat-rescue-and-massacre","title":"Nuseirat rescue and massacre","date_start":"2024-06-08"},{"id":"april-2024-iranian-strikes-on-israel","title":"April 2024 Iranian strikes on Israel","date_start":"2024-04-13"},{"id":"july-2024-houthi-israel-attacks","title":"July 2024 Houthi–Israel attacks","date_start":"2024-07-20"},{"id":"world-central-kitchen-aid-convoy-attack","title":"World Central Kitchen aid convoy attack","date_start":"2024-04-01"},{"id":"majdal-shams-attack","title":"Majdal Shams attack","date_start":"2024-07-27"}],"nearby":[{"id":"killing-of-yahya-sinwar","title":"Killing of Yahya Sinwar","date_start":"2024-10-16","km":1.6,"bearing":197},{"id":"rafah-paramedic-massacre","title":"Rafah paramedic massacre","date_start":"2025-03-23","km":2.6,"bearing":197},{"id":"2004-israeli-operation-in-rafah","title":"2004 Israeli operation in Rafah","date_start":"2004-05-12","km":3.2,"bearing":193},{"id":"2025-nasser-hospital-strikes","title":"2025 Nasser Hospital strikes","date_start":"2025-08-25","km":5.1,"bearing":51},{"id":"khan-yunis-massacre","title":"Khan Yunis massacre","date_start":"1956-11-03","km":5.6,"bearing":61}],"same_time":[{"id":"april-2024-israeli-strikes-on-iran","title":"April 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran","date_start":"2024-04-19"},{"id":"2024-iranian-presidential-election","title":"2024 Iranian presidential election","date_start":"2024-07-05"},{"id":"2024-syrian-parliamentary-election","title":"2024 Syrian parliamentary election","date_start":"2024-07-15"},{"id":"israeli-airstrike-on-the-iranian-consulate-in-damascus","title":"Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus","date_start":"2024-04-01"},{"id":"2024-turkish-local-elections","title":"2024 Turkish local elections","date_start":"2024-03-31"}]}},"march-1949-syrian-coup-d-etat":{"extract":"The March 1949 Syrian coup d'état was a bloodless coup d'état that took place on 30 March. It was the first military coup in modern Syrian history and overthrew the country's democratically elected government, after Syria gained independence in 1943. It was led by the Syrian Army chief of staff, Husni al-Za'im, who became president of Syria on 11 April 1949. Syrian President Shukri al-Quwatli, who was overthrown as a result of the coup, was accused of poor leadership and purchasing inferior arms for the Syrian Army. He was briefly imprisoned, but then released into exile in Egypt.\n\nMany of the internal motivations behind the coup subsequently stemmed from dissatisfaction among the Syrian people and military because of al-Quwatli's leadership during the 1948 Arab-Israeli Conflict. Transnational corporate agendas in lieu of the commission of the Trans-Arabian Pipeline, such as that of ARAMCO and Saudi King Ibn Saud are speculated to have informed alleged US involvement in the coup. Among the officers who assisted al-Za'im's takeover were Sami al-Hinnawi and Adib al-Shishakli, both of whom in sequence would later also become military leaders of the country. Syria's legislature, then called the House of Representatives, was dissolved, and al-Za'im imprisoned many political leaders on the basis of various accusations.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1380346757,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-15T04:34:59Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_1949_Syrian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat","wikidata_qid":"Q643510","wikidata_classes":["coup d'état"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q8683","label":"Cold War"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"iran-crisis-of-1946","title":"Iran crisis of 1946","date_start":"1946-01-01"},{"id":"egyptian-revolution-of-1952","title":"Egyptian revolution of 1952","date_start":"1952-07-23"},{"id":"1953-iranian-coup-d-tat","title":"1953 Iranian coup d'état","date_start":"1953-08-15"},{"id":"suez-crisis","title":"Suez Crisis","date_start":"1956-10-29"},{"id":"aden-emergency","title":"Aden Emergency","date_start":"1963-10-14"}],"same_time":[{"id":"operation-uvda","title":"Operation Uvda","date_start":"1949-03-05"},{"id":"1949-israeli-constituent-assembly-election","title":"1949 Israeli Constituent Assembly election","date_start":"1949-01-25"},{"id":"operation-horev","title":"Operation Horev","date_start":"1948-12-22"},{"id":"hula-massacre","title":"Hula massacre","date_start":"1948-11-01"},{"id":"eilabun-massacre","title":"Eilabun massacre","date_start":"1948-10-30"}]}},"1979-iranian-constitutional-referendum":{"extract":"A constitutional referendum was held in Iran on 2 and 3 December 1979, in which the new Islamic constitution was approved by 99.5% of voters.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1346597232,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-04-01T19:24:21Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979_Iranian_constitutional_referendum","wikidata_qid":"Q4231925","wikidata_classes":["constitutional referendum","referendum"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"grand-mosque-seizure","title":"Grand Mosque seizure","date_start":"1979-11-20"},{"id":"iran-hostage-crisis","title":"Iran hostage crisis","date_start":"1979-11-04"},{"id":"1980-iranian-presidential-election","title":"1980 Iranian presidential election","date_start":"1980-01-25"},{"id":"operation-eagle-claw","title":"Operation Eagle Claw","date_start":"1980-04-24"}]}},"yemeni-civil-war-1994":{"extract":"The Yemeni civil war (Arabic: الحرب الأهلية اليمنية), also known as the Summer War of 1994 (Arabic: حرب صيف ١٩٩٤), was a civil war fought between the two Yemeni forces of the pro-union northern and the socialist separatist southern Yemeni states and their supporters. The war resulted in the defeat of the southern separatists and the reunification of Yemen, and the flight into exile of many leaders of the Yemeni Socialist Party (YSP) and other separatists.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1380638411,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-17T00:23:33Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(1994)","wikidata_qid":"Q2461485","wikidata_classes":["civil war","war"],"date_flags":["date_source_adjusted: Wikidata P585 1994-07-07 equals the item's end time (P582); used P580 start time 1994-05-04"],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q5347390","label":"effects of the Cold War"}]},"2017-kurdistan-region-independence-referendum":{"extract":"The 2017 Kurdistan Region independence referendum was a failed bid at Kurdish independence from the Republic of Iraq. It was held on 25 September 2017 in Kurdistan Region, with preliminary results showing approximately 92.73 percent of votes cast in favor of independence. Despite reporting that the independence referendum would be non-binding, the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) characterized it as binding, although they claimed that an affirmative result would trigger the start of state building and negotiations with Iraq rather than an immediate declaration of independence of Kurdistan. The referendum's legality was rejected by the federal government of Iraq and the Federal Supreme Court. The referendum prompted a military confrontation, and after their defeat, the KRG eventually conceded and accepted the Supreme Court's ruling that no Iraqi governorate is allowed to secede.\n\nIt was originally planned to be held in 2014 amidst controversy and dispute between the regional and federal governments. Calls for Kurdish independence had been going on for years, with an unofficial 2005 referendum resulting in 98.98% voting in favor of independence. These longstanding calls gained impetus following the Northern Iraq offensive by Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant during the Iraqi Civil War in which Baghdad-controlled forces abandoned some areas, which were then taken by the Peshmerga and controlled de facto by the Kurds.\n\nThe referendum was announced and delayed on several occasions as Kurdish forces co-operated with the Iraqi central government for the liberation of Mosul, but by April 2017, it was being seen as happening some time in 2017. On 7 June 2017, Kurdish President Masoud Barzani held a meeting with the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), and other ruling parties, where the independence referendum was confirmed to be held on 25 September 2017.\n\nThe referendum led to a military conflict with the Iraqi central government, in which the KRG lost 40 percent of its territory and its main source of revenue, the Kirkuk oil fields. Following the loss, Kurdistan Region president Masoud Barzani resigned and the referendum was thus effectively abandoned.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1373766947,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-07T20:24:07Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Kurdistan_Region_independence_referendum","wikidata_qid":"Q18206659","wikidata_classes":["independence referendum","referendum"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":true,"findings":[{"guideline":"SAID","guideline_name":"Synonyms for \"said\"","shortcut":"MOS:SAID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AManual_of_Style%2FWords_to_watch&oldid=1376702503#Synonyms_for_said","phrase":"although they claimed that an affirmative result","note":"The Kurdistan Regional Government \"claimed\" its position, while the federal government's is stated plainly."}],"highlights":["although they claimed that an affirmative result"]},"highlights":[{"text":"although they claimed that an affirmative result","kind":"wording"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q7057435","label":"Kurdish nationalism"}],"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"battle-of-kirkuk-2017","title":"Battle of Kirkuk (2017)","date_start":"2017-10-15"},{"id":"battle-of-raqqa-2017","title":"Battle of Raqqa (2017)","date_start":"2017-10-17"},{"id":"battle-of-tal-afar-2017","title":"Battle of Tal Afar (2017)","date_start":"2017-09-02"},{"id":"2017-sinai-mosque-attack","title":"2017 Sinai mosque attack","date_start":"2017-11-24"},{"id":"united-states-recognition-of-jerusalem-as-the-capital-of-israel","title":"United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel","date_start":"2017-12-06"}]}},"israeli-blockade-of-the-gaza-strip-2023-present":{"extract":"On 9 October 2023, Israel intensified its blockade of the Gaza Strip when it announced a \"total blockade\", blocking the entry of food, water, medicine, fuel and electricity after the October 7 attacks and the ensuing Gaza war. The blockade has been credited with contributing significantly to the Gaza genocide. Israel has conditioned its lifting of the blockade with the return of the hostages abducted by Hamas, which has been criticized as collective punishment and an apparent war crime. As of August 2025, 27 European countries and over 100 international aid organizations have called for an end to Israel's blockade of aid into Gaza.\n\nA few weeks after 9 October 2023, Israel eased the complete blockade after receiving pressure from U.S. President Joe Biden, but still continued to severely restrict the amount of aid entering the Gaza Strip. The first supplies entered on 21 October 2023. The blockade exacerbated Gaza's humanitarian crisis. In January 2024, Israeli authorities blocked 56% of humanitarian aid to northern Gaza. On 9 February 2024, UNRWA's director Philippe Lazzarini said that Israel had blocked food for 1.1 million Palestinians in Gaza.\n\nDuring the January 2025 Gaza war ceasefire, Israel relaxed aid restrictions, allowing much more aid than previously. On 2 March 2025, however, Israel completely blocked all supplies from entering the territory, making it the longest complete closure in the history of the blockade. Since 26 May 2025, the United States- and Israeli-backed Gaza Humanitarian Foundation has facilitated limited and largely ineffective aid distribution, marred by mass killings that resulted in over 1,400 Palestinian deaths.\n\nThe blockade has created famine conditions in the Gaza Strip, which was exacerbated by Israeli airstrikes targeting food infrastructure and restrictions on humanitarian aid. In a number of incidents, Israeli protesters, including West Bank settlers, blocked aid trucks carrying humanitarian aid heading towards the Gaza Strip, and in some cases attacked them.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1375552150,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-18T14:08:22Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip_(2023%E2%80%93present)","wikidata_qid":"Q122982851","wikidata_classes":["blockade","siege","international law","war crime","collective punishment","genocide"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"year","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":true,"note":"Treats \"the Gaza genocide\" as an established fact. That finding is supported by a UN commission and genocide scholars but rejected by Israel, the US and others, and the International Court of Justice has not ruled. Israel's stated reasons appear only as something criticised.","highlights":["the Gaza genocide"]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[{"text":"the Gaza genocide","kind":"fairness"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q122962941","label":"Gaza War","id":"2023-israel-hamas-war"},{"qid":"Q653112","label":"Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"attacks-on-jabalia-refugee-camp-2023-present","title":"Attacks on Jabalia refugee camp (2023–present)","date_start":"2023-10-01"},{"id":"israeli-invasion-of-the-gaza-strip","title":"Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip","date_start":"2023-10-01"},{"id":"battle-of-re-im","title":"Battle of Re'im","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"battle-of-sderot","title":"Battle of Sderot","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"gaza-genocide","title":"Gaza genocide","date_start":"2023-10-07"}]}},"bloody-sunday-1969":{"extract":"Bloody Sunday (Turkish: Kanlı Pazar) refers to a violent confrontation on 16 February 1969 in Istanbul, Turkey, when right-wing counter-demonstrators attacked a left-wing protest march at Taksim Square, killing two people and injuring over 200.\n\nSeventy-six youth organizations, supported by labor unions and the Workers' Party of Turkey, had assembled in Beyazıt Square for a march they called the \"Mustafa Kemal March Against Imperialism\", protesting the visit of the United States Sixth Fleet to Istanbul. The march had received official permission from the Istanbul governorate. Tens of thousands of demonstrators marched from Beyazıt through Sultanahmet, Sirkeci, Eminönü, Karaköy, and Dolmabahçe towards Taksim Square. Meanwhile, right-wing groups who had been called to confront the marchers assembled at Taksim Square after prayers, armed with sticks, stones, and knives. Police allowed the marchers to enter the square only in small groups; the right-wing attackers easily broke through the thin police cordon of just two rows and attacked the demonstrators, chanting religious slogans and anti-communist slogans. Two protesters, Ali Turgut Aytaç and Duran Erdoğan, were stabbed to death, and over 200 were injured.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1377778965,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-01T02:30:12Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody_Sunday_(1969)","wikidata_qid":"Q785554","wikidata_classes":["demonstration","riot","protest"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q7225137","label":"Political violence in Turkey (1976–1980)","id":"political-violence-in-turkey-1976-1980"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"1971-turkish-military-memorandum","title":"1971 Turkish military memorandum","date_start":"1971-03-12"}],"nearby":[{"id":"istanbul-pogrom","title":"Istanbul pogrom","date_start":"1955-09-06","km":0.1,"bearing":270},{"id":"2022-istanbul-bombing","title":"2022 Istanbul bombing","date_start":"2022-11-13","km":0.4,"bearing":240},{"id":"march-2016-istanbul-bombing","title":"March 2016 Istanbul bombing","date_start":"2016-03-19","km":0.5,"bearing":241},{"id":"2016-besiktas-bombings","title":"2016 Beşiktaş bombings","date_start":"2016-12-10","km":0.7,"bearing":59},{"id":"2003-istanbul-bombings","title":"2003 Istanbul bombings","date_start":"2003-11-01","km":1.6,"bearing":224}],"same_time":[{"id":"1968-israeli-raid-on-beirut-airport","title":"1968 Israeli raid on Beirut Airport","date_start":"1968-12-28"}]}},"anbar-campaign-2003-2011":{"extract":"The Anbar campaign consisted of fighting between the United States military, together with Iraqi security forces, and Sunni insurgents in the western Iraqi governorate of Al Anbar. The Iraq War lasted from 2003 to 2011, but the majority of the fighting and counterinsurgency campaign in Anbar took place between April 2004 and September 2007. Although the fighting initially featured heavy urban warfare primarily between insurgents and U.S. Marines, insurgents in later years focused on ambushing the American and Iraqi security forces with improvised explosive devices (IEDs), large scale attacks on combat outposts, and car bombings. Almost 9,000 Iraqis and 1,335 Americans were killed in the campaign, many in the Euphrates River Valley and the Sunni Triangle around the cities of Fallujah and Ramadi.\n\nAl Anbar, the only Sunni-dominated province in Iraq, saw little fighting in the initial invasion. Following the fall of Baghdad it was occupied by the U.S. Army's 82nd Airborne Division. Violence began on 28 April 2003 when 17 Iraqis were killed in Fallujah by U.S. soldiers during an anti-American demonstration. In early 2004 the U.S. Army relinquished command of the governorate to the Marines. By April 2004 the governorate was in full-scale revolt. Savage fighting occurred in both Fallujah and Ramadi by the end of 2004, including the Second Battle of Fallujah. Violence escalated throughout 2005 and 2006 as the two sides struggled to secure the Western Euphrates River Valley. During this time, Al Qaeda in Iraq (AQI) became the governorate's main Sunni insurgent group and turned the provincial capital of Ramadi into its stronghold. The Marine Corps issued an intelligence report in late 2006 declaring that the governorate would be lost without a significant additional commitment of troops.\n\nIn August 2006, several tribes located in Ramadi and led by Sheikh Abdul Sattar Abu Risha began to form what would eventually become the Anbar Awakening, which later led to the tribes revolting against AQI. The Anbar Awakening helped turn the tide against the insurgents through 2007. American and Iraqi tribal forces regained control of Ramadi in early 2007, as well as other cities such as Hīt, Haditha, and Rutbah. More hard fighting still followed throughout the Summer of 2007 however, particularly in the rural western River Valley, due largely to its proximity to the Syrian border and the vast network of natural entry points for foreign fighters to enter Iraq, via Syria. In June 2007 the U.S. turned a majority of its attention to eastern Anbar Governorate and secured the cities of Fallujah and Al-Karmah.\n\nThe fighting was mostly over by September 2007, although US forces maintained a stabilizing and advisory role through December 2011. Celebrating the victory, President George W. Bush flew to Anbar in September 2007 to congratulate Sheikh Sattar and other leading tribal figures. AQI assassinated Sattar days later. In September 2008, political control was transferred to Iraq. Military control was transferred in June 2009, following the withdrawal of American combat forces from the cities. The Marines were replaced by the US Army in January 2010. The Army withdrew its combat units by August 2010, leaving only advisory and support units. The last American forces left the governorate on 7 December 2011.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1380056003,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-13T14:25:58Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2003%E2%80%932011)","wikidata_qid":"Q6067801","wikidata_classes":["military campaign","armed conflict"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q545449","label":"Iraq War","id":"iraq-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"invasion-of-iraq","title":"2003 invasion of Iraq","date_start":"2003-03-20"},{"id":"battle-of-baghdad-2003","title":"Battle of Baghdad (2003)","date_start":"2003-01-01"},{"id":"iraqi-insurgency-2003-2011","title":"Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)","date_start":"2003-01-01"},{"id":"capture-of-saddam-hussein","title":"Capture of Saddam Hussein","date_start":"2003-12-13"},{"id":"battle-of-najaf-2004","title":"Battle of Najaf (2004)","date_start":"2004-01-01"}],"same_time":[{"id":"battle-of-al-faw-2003","title":"Battle of Al Faw (2003)","date_start":"2003-03-20"},{"id":"iraqi-conflict","title":"Iraqi conflict","date_start":"2003-03-20"},{"id":"battle-of-basra-2003","title":"Battle of Basra (2003)","date_start":"2003-03-21"},{"id":"battle-of-umm-qasr","title":"Battle of Umm Qasr","date_start":"2003-03-21"},{"id":"battle-of-karbala-2003","title":"Battle of Karbala (2003)","date_start":"2003-03-23"}]}},"iranian-protests-against-compulsory-hijab":{"extract":"The Girls of Enghelab protests (Persian: دختران انقلاب, romanized: Dokhtaran Enghalab) are protests against the compulsory hijab in Iran and are part of the wider Iranian Democracy Movement.\n\nThe protests were inspired by Vida Movahed, an Iranian woman known as the Girl of Enghelab Street (Persian: دختر خیابان انقلاب, romanized: Dokhtar Khiaban Enghalab), who stood above the crowd on a utility box on Enghelab Street (Revolution Street) in Tehran on 27 December 2017 during the 2017–2018 Iranian protests, tying a white headscarf to a stick, and waving it to the crowd as a flag. She was arrested that day and was released temporarily on bail a month later, on 28 January 2018.\n\nSome people interpreted Movahed's action as being based on Masih Alinejad's call for White Wednesdays, a protest movement that the presenter at VOA Persian Television started in early 2017. Other women later re-enacted her protest and posted photos of their actions on social media. These women are described as the \"Girls of Enghelab Street\" and the \"Girls of Revolution Street\" in English sources. Some of the protesters however claim that they were not following Masih Alinejad's call. The protests intensified in 2022 due to the death of Mahsa Amini.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1380686702,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-17T07:10:36Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_protests_against_compulsory_hijab","wikidata_qid":"Q47489345","wikidata_classes":["protest"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"2017-2018-iranian-protests","title":"2017–2018 Iranian protests","date_start":"2017-12-28"},{"id":"iraqi-insurgency-2017-present","title":"Iraqi insurgency (2017–present)","date_start":"2017-12-09"},{"id":"united-states-recognition-of-jerusalem-as-the-capital-of-israel","title":"United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel","date_start":"2017-12-06"},{"id":"operation-olive-branch","title":"Operation Olive Branch","date_start":"2018-01-20"},{"id":"2017-sinai-mosque-attack","title":"2017 Sinai mosque attack","date_start":"2017-11-24"}]}},"september-2019-israeli-legislative-election":{"extract":"Legislative elections were held in Israel on 17 September 2019 to elect the 120 members of the 22nd Knesset. Following the previous elections in April, incumbent Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu failed to form a governing coalition. On 30 May, the Knesset voted to dissolve itself and trigger new elections, in order to prevent Blue and White party leader Benny Gantz from being appointed Prime Minister-designate. This election marked the first time the Knesset voted to dissolve itself before a government had been formed.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1379920444,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-12T17:57:35Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_2019_Israeli_legislative_election","wikidata_qid":"Q64159775","wikidata_classes":["Israeli legislative election","snap election","public election"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q2439355","label":"elections in Israel"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"2020-israeli-legislative-election","title":"2020 Israeli legislative election","date_start":"2020-03-02"}],"same_time":[{"id":"abqaiq-khurais-attack","title":"Abqaiq–Khurais attack","date_start":"2019-09-14"},{"id":"2019-2021-iraqi-protests","title":"2019–2021 Iraqi protests","date_start":"2019-10-01"},{"id":"17-october-revolution","title":"17 October Revolution","date_start":"2019-10-17"},{"id":"2019-2020-iranian-protests","title":"2019–2020 Iranian protests","date_start":"2019-11-15"},{"id":"june-2019-istanbul-mayoral-election","title":"June 2019 Istanbul mayoral election","date_start":"2019-06-23"}]}},"2020-g20-riyadh-summit":{"extract":"The 2020 G20 Riyadh summit was the fifteenth meeting of the Group of Twenty (G20). It was scheduled to take place in Riyadh, the capital city of Saudi Arabia. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it was held virtually.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1364101887,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-07-14T14:19:22Z","data_fixes":[{"ref":"F10","anchor":"f10---three-more-month-precision-start-dates-pinned-to-the-1st-same-cause-as-f7-f8"}],"wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_G20_Riyadh_summit","wikidata_qid":"Q33038478","wikidata_classes":["G20 summit","video conference","summit"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"2020-aden-airport-attack","title":"2020 Aden airport attack","date_start":"2020-12-30"},{"id":"january-2021-baghdad-bombings","title":"January 2021 Baghdad bombings","date_start":"2021-01-21"},{"id":"abraham-accords","title":"Abraham Accords","date_start":"2020-09-15"},{"id":"bahrain-israel-normalization-agreement","title":"Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement","date_start":"2020-09-15"},{"id":"israel-united-arab-emirates-normalization-agreement","title":"Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement","date_start":"2020-09-15"}]}}}