{"egyptian-revolution-of-2011":{"extract":"The 2011 Egyptian revolution, also known as the 25 January Revolution (Arabic: ثورة ٢٥ يناير, romanized: Thawrat khamsa wa-ʿišrūn yanāyir), began on 25 January 2011 and spread across Egypt. The date was set by various youth groups to coincide with National Police Day as a statement against increasing police brutality during the later years of Hosni Mubarak's presidency. It consisted of demonstrations, marches, occupations of plazas, non-violent civil resistance, acts of civil disobedience and strikes. Millions of protesters from a range of socio-economic and religious backgrounds demanded Mubarak's removal from the office of president of Egypt. Violent clashes between security forces and protesters resulted in at least 846 people killed and over 6,000 injured. Protesters retaliated by burning over 90 police stations across the country.\n\nThe Egyptian protesters' grievances focused on legal and political issues, including police brutality, state-of-emergency laws, lack of political freedom, civil liberty, freedom of speech, corruption, high unemployment, food-price inflation and low wages. The protesters' primary demands were the end of the Mubarak regime. Strikes by labour unions added to the pressure on government officials. During the uprising, the capital, Cairo, was described as \"a war zone\" and the port city of Suez saw frequent violent clashes. Protesters defied a government-imposed curfew, which the police and military could not enforce in any case. Egypt's Central Security Forces, loyal to Mubarak, were gradually replaced by military troops. In the chaos, there was looting by rioters which was instigated (according to opposition sources) by plainclothes police officers. In response, watch groups were organised by civilian vigilantes to protect their neighborhoods.\n\nOn 11 February 2011, Vice President Omar Suleiman announced that Mubarak resigned as president, turning power over to the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF). The military junta, chaired by defense minister Muhammad Hussein Tantawy, announced on 13 February that the constitution was suspended, both houses of parliament dissolved and the military would govern for six months (until elections could be held). The previous cabinet, including Prime Minister Ahmed Shafik, would serve as a caretaker government until a new one was formed.\n\nAfter the revolution against Mubarak and a period of rule by the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, the Muslim Brotherhood took power in Egypt through a series of popular elections, with Egyptians electing Islamist Mohamed Morsi to the presidency in June 2012, after winning the election over Ahmed Shafik. However, the Morsi government encountered fierce opposition after his attempt to pass an Islamic-leaning constitution. Morsi also issued a temporary presidential decree that raised his decisions over judicial review to enable the passing of the constitution. It sparked general outrage from secularists and members of the military, and a revolution broke out against his rule on 28 June 2013. On 3 July 2013, Morsi was deposed by the minister of defence, General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, as millions of Egyptians took to the streets in support of early elections. Sisi went on to become Egypt's president after an election in 2014 which was boycotted by opposition parties.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1380659859,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-17T03:09:53Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution","wikidata_qid":"Q29198","wikidata_classes":["protest"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"hand_picked":true,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":true,"note":"Describes Morsi's 2013 removal as \"a revolution broke out\" and never uses the word coup (the separate 2013 coup entry does).","highlights":["a revolution broke out"]},"wording":{"found":true,"findings":[{"guideline":"NPOV","guideline_name":"Avoid stating opinions as facts","shortcut":"WP:YESPOV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3ANeutral_point_of_view&oldid=1370393267#Explanation","phrase":"a revolution broke out against his rule on 28 June 2013","note":"Calls the 2013 protests against Morsi \"a revolution\" in Wikipedia's own voice; his supporters call his removal a coup (the Egyptian Crisis summary uses \"coup\")."}],"highlights":["a revolution broke out against his rule on 28 June 2013"]},"highlights":[{"text":"a revolution broke out","kind":"fairness"},{"text":"a revolution broke out against his rule on 28 June 2013","kind":"wording"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q33761","label":"Arab Spring","id":"arab-spring"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"yemeni-revolution","title":"Yemeni revolution","date_start":"2011-01-27"},{"id":"2011-2012-iranian-protests","title":"2011–2012 Iranian protests","date_start":"2011-02-14"},{"id":"2011-bahraini-uprising","title":"2011 Bahraini uprising","date_start":"2011-02-14"},{"id":"iraqi-insurgency-2011-2013","title":"Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)","date_start":"2011-01-01"},{"id":"syrian-civil-war","title":"Syrian civil war","date_start":"2011-03-15"}],"nearby":[{"id":"mcmahon-hussein-correspondence","title":"McMahon–Hussein correspondence","date_start":"1915-07-14","km":0,"bearing":110},{"id":"rabaa-massacre","title":"Rabaa massacre","date_start":"2013-08-14","km":0,"bearing":102},{"id":"cairo-fire","title":"Cairo fire","date_start":"1952-01-26","km":1.6,"bearing":337},{"id":"2009-khan-el-khalili-bombing","title":"2009 Khan el-Khalili bombing","date_start":"2009-02-22","km":1.9,"bearing":132},{"id":"2012-2013-egyptian-protests","title":"2012–2013 Egyptian protests","date_start":"2012-11-22","km":2.2,"bearing":236}],"same_time":[{"id":"sinai-insurgency","title":"Sinai insurgency","date_start":"2011-02-05"},{"id":"2011-alexandria-bombing","title":"2011 Alexandria bombing","date_start":"2011-01-01"},{"id":"syrian-revolution","title":"Syrian revolution","date_start":"2011-03-15"},{"id":"2010-baghdad-church-siege","title":"2010 Baghdad church siege","date_start":"2010-10-31"},{"id":"siege-of-daraa","title":"Siege of Daraa","date_start":"2011-04-25"}]}},"battle-of-beirut-1912":{"extract":"The Battle of Beirut was a naval battle off the coast of Beirut during the Italo-Turkish War. Italian fears that the Ottoman naval forces at Beirut could be used to threaten the approach to the Suez Canal led the Italian military to order the destruction of the Ottoman naval presence in the area. On 24 February 1912 two Italian armoured cruisers attacked and sank an Ottoman casemate corvette and six lighters, retired, then returned and sank an Ottoman torpedo boat.\n\nAs a result of the battle all Ottoman naval forces in the region were annihilated, thus ensuring the approaches to the Suez Canal were open to the Italians. Besides the naval losses, the city of Beirut itself suffered significant damage from the Italian warships.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1370433816,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-21T02:55:45Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Beirut_(1912)","wikidata_qid":"Q4090324","wikidata_classes":["naval battle","battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q203824","label":"Italo-Turkish War","id":"italo-turkish-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"battle-of-kunfuda-bay","title":"Battle of Kunfuda Bay","date_start":"1912-01-07"}],"nearby":[{"id":"siege-of-beirut","title":"Siege of Beirut","date_start":"1982-06-14","km":1.2,"bearing":285},{"id":"2020-beirut-explosion","title":"2020 Beirut explosion","date_start":"2020-08-04","km":1.7,"bearing":19},{"id":"2021-beirut-clashes","title":"2021 Beirut clashes","date_start":"2021-10-14","km":1.8,"bearing":177},{"id":"1973-israeli-raid-in-lebanon","title":"1973 Israeli raid in Lebanon","date_start":"1973-01-01","km":2.1,"bearing":47},{"id":"karantina-massacre","title":"Karantina massacre","date_start":"1976-01-18","km":2.1,"bearing":47}],"same_time":[{"id":"1912-ottoman-coup-d-etat","title":"1912 Ottoman coup d'état","date_start":"1912-07-17"}]}},"qibya-massacre":{"extract":"The Qibya massacre occurred during Operation Shoshana, an Israeli reprisal operation that occurred in October 1953, when IDF's Unit 101 led by future Israeli prime minister Ariel Sharon attacked the village of Qibya in the West Bank, which was then under Jordanian control, and killed more than 69 Palestinian civilians, two-thirds of whom were women and children.\n\nForty-five houses, a school, and a mosque were destroyed. Ariel Sharon wrote in his diary that \"Qibya was to be an example for everyone,\" and that he ordered \"maximal killing and damage to property\". Post-operational reports speak of breaking into houses and clearing them with grenades and shooting.\n\nThe attack followed cross-border raids from the West Bank. Israel framed the Qibya massacre as a response to the Yehud attack, in which an Israeli woman and her two children were killed.\n\nThe massacre was condemned by the U.S. State Department, the UN Security Council, and by Jewish communities worldwide. The State Department described the raid as \"shocking\" and used the occasion to confirm publicly that economic aid to Israel had been suspended previously, for other non-compliance regarding the 1949 Armistice Agreements.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1367341030,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-02T14:04:32Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qibya_massacre","wikidata_qid":"Q1139615","wikidata_classes":["massacre","reprisal"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q4825628","label":"reprisal operations"},{"qid":"Q12184968","label":"ethnic cleansing in Palestine"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"khan-yunis-massacre","title":"Khan Yunis massacre","date_start":"1956-11-03"},{"id":"al-dawayima-massacre","title":"Al-Dawayima massacre","date_start":"1948-10-29"},{"id":"operation-hiram","title":"Operation Hiram","date_start":"1948-10-29"},{"id":"operation-yoav","title":"Operation Yoav","date_start":"1948-10-15"},{"id":"deir-yassin-massacre","title":"Deir Yassin massacre","date_start":"1948-04-09"}],"nearby":[{"id":"lod-airport-massacre","title":"Lod Airport massacre","date_start":"1972-05-30","km":11.1,"bearing":280},{"id":"sabena-flight-571","title":"Sabena Flight 571","date_start":"1972-05-08","km":13,"bearing":286},{"id":"palestinian-expulsion-from-lydda-and-ramle","title":"Palestinian expulsion from Lydda and Ramle","date_start":"1948-07-01","km":13,"bearing":252},{"id":"kafr-qasim-massacre","title":"Kafr Qasim massacre","date_start":"1956-10-29","km":15.6,"bearing":347},{"id":"battles-of-latrun-1948","title":"Battles of Latrun (1948)","date_start":"1948-05-24","km":15.7,"bearing":190}],"same_time":[{"id":"1953-iranian-coup-d-tat","title":"1953 Iranian coup d'état","date_start":"1953-08-15"},{"id":"ma-ale-akrabim-massacre","title":"Ma'ale Akrabim massacre","date_start":"1954-03-17"}]}},"battle-of-baltim":{"extract":"The Battle of Baltim (also Battle of Damietta, Battle of Baltim–Damietta, Battle of Damietta–Baltim or Battle of Damietta – El Burelos) was fought between the Israeli Navy and the Egyptian Navy on 8–9 October, 1973, during the Yom Kippur War. It took place off the Nile Delta, between Baltim and Damietta. The battle began when six Israeli Sa'ar-class missile boats heading toward Port Said were engaged by four Egyptian Osa-class missile boats coming from Alexandria. It lasted about forty minutes. The Osas fired Styx missiles, missed, and began to withdraw back to Alexandria when the Israelis began to give chase. Two Osas were sunk by Gabriel missiles within a span of ten minutes, and a third was sunk twenty-five minutes later. The fourth made it back to base.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1379014689,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-07T11:15:49Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Baltim","wikidata_qid":"Q2705872","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q49100","label":"Yom Kippur War","id":"yom-kippur-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"valley-of-tears","title":"Valley of Tears","date_start":"1973-10-09"},{"id":"battle-of-latakia","title":"Battle of Latakia","date_start":"1973-10-07"},{"id":"ofira-air-battle","title":"Ofira Air Battle","date_start":"1973-10-06"},{"id":"battle-of-the-chinese-farm","title":"Battle of the Chinese Farm","date_start":"1973-01-01"},{"id":"operation-badr-1973","title":"Operation Badr (1973)","date_start":"1973-01-01"}],"same_time":[{"id":"1973-israeli-legislative-election","title":"1973 Israeli legislative election","date_start":"1973-12-31"}]}},"sinai-insurgency":{"extract":"The Sinai insurgency was an insurgency campaign in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt launched by Islamist militants against Egyptian security forces, which also included attacks on civilians. The insurgency began during the Egyptian Crisis, during which the longtime Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak was overthrown in the 2011 Egyptian revolution.\n\nThe campaign initially consisted of militants, mainly local Bedouin tribesmen, who exploited the chaotic situation in Egypt to launch a series of attacks on government forces in Sinai. In 2014, members of the Ansar Bait al-Maqdis group pledged allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, or ISIS) and proclaimed themselves Sinai Province, with some security officials stating that militants based in Libya established ties with the Sinai Province group and blaming the porous border and ongoing civil war for the increase in sophisticated weapons available to the Islamist groups.\n\nEgyptian authorities attempted to restore their presence in the Sinai through both political and military measures. The country launched two military operations, known as Operation Eagle in mid-2011 and Operation Sinai in mid-2012. In May 2013, after the abduction of Egyptian officers, violence in Sinai resurged. Following the overthrow in July 2013 of Egyptian president Mohamed Morsi, \"unprecedented clashes\" occurred.\n\nHundreds of homes were demolished and thousands of residents were evacuated as Egyptian troops built a buffer zone to halt the smuggling of weapons and militants to and from the Gaza Strip. A report compiled by a delegation from the National Council for Human Rights (NCHR) stated that the displaced families were suffering due to government negligence, unavailability of nearby schools, and a lack of health services. From the start of the conflict, dozens of civilians were killed, either in military operations or kidnapped, and then beheaded by militants. In November 2017, more than 300 Sufist worshippers were killed and over 100 injured in a terrorist attack on a mosque west of the city of Al-Arish.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1378717720,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-05T21:17:59Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinai_insurgency","wikidata_qid":"Q7521684","wikidata_classes":["insurgency","rebellion"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":true,"findings":[{"guideline":"LABEL","guideline_name":"Contentious labels","shortcut":"MOS:LABEL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AManual_of_Style%2FWords_to_watch&oldid=1376702503#Contentious_labels","phrase":"in a terrorist attack on a mosque","note":"Uses \"terrorist\" for the 2017 mosque attack in Wikipedia's own voice, without saying who uses the label."}],"highlights":["in a terrorist attack on a mosque"]},"highlights":[{"text":"in a terrorist attack on a mosque","kind":"wording"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q17512479","label":"Arab Winter","id":"arab-winter"}],"includes":[{"id":"2011-southern-israel-cross-border-attacks","title":"2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks","date_start":"2011-08-18"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"syrian-civil-war","title":"Syrian civil war","date_start":"2011-03-15"},{"id":"war-in-iraq-2013-2017","title":"War in Iraq (2013–2017)","date_start":"2014-01-01"},{"id":"iran-saudi-arabia-proxy-war","title":"Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy war","date_start":"1979-02-11"}],"nearby":[{"id":"war-of-attrition","title":"War of Attrition","date_start":"1967-07-01","km":0,"bearing":0}],"same_time":[{"id":"2011-bahraini-uprising","title":"2011 Bahraini uprising","date_start":"2011-02-14"},{"id":"yemeni-revolution","title":"Yemeni revolution","date_start":"2011-01-27"},{"id":"egyptian-revolution-of-2011","title":"2011 Egyptian revolution","date_start":"2011-01-25"},{"id":"2011-alexandria-bombing","title":"2011 Alexandria bombing","date_start":"2011-01-01"},{"id":"syrian-revolution","title":"Syrian revolution","date_start":"2011-03-15"}]}},"battle-of-raqqa-2013":{"extract":"The Battle of Raqqa, also known as the First Battle of Raqqa and code named by rebels as the \"Raid of the Almighty\", was fought for control of the northern Syrian city of Raqqa during the Syrian civil war between Sunni Islamist rebel insurgents and the Syrian Arab Army. Rebel forces launched the offensive in early March 2013, and declared themselves in \"near-total control\" on 5 March, making it the first provincial capital claimed to come under rebel control in the civil war. The battle, on the opposition side, was primarily led by the al-Nusra Front and Ahrar al-Sham.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1379529278,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-10T14:33:18Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2013)","wikidata_qid":"Q6627360","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q178810","label":"Syrian Civil War","id":"syrian-civil-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"battle-of-ras-al-ayn-2012-13","title":"Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2012–13)","date_start":"2012-12-17"},{"id":"ghouta-chemical-attack","title":"Ghouta chemical attack","date_start":"2013-08-21"},{"id":"battle-of-aleppo-2012-2016","title":"Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)","date_start":"2012-07-19"},{"id":"rojava-revolution","title":"Rojava Revolution","date_start":"2012-07-19"},{"id":"houla-massacre","title":"Houla massacre","date_start":"2012-05-25"}],"nearby":[{"id":"battle-of-raqqa-2017","title":"Battle of Raqqa (2017)","date_start":"2017-10-17","km":0,"bearing":0},{"id":"raqqa-campaign-2016-2017","title":"Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)","date_start":"2016-11-06","km":0.6,"bearing":270}],"same_time":[{"id":"2013-israeli-legislative-election","title":"2013 Israeli legislative election","date_start":"2013-01-23"},{"id":"2013-reyhanl-car-bombings","title":"2013 Reyhanlı car bombings","date_start":"2013-05-11"},{"id":"2012-egyptian-constitutional-referendum","title":"2012 Egyptian constitutional referendum","date_start":"2012-12-15"},{"id":"gezi-park-protests","title":"Gezi Park protests","date_start":"2013-05-28"},{"id":"iranian-intervention-in-the-syrian-civil-war","title":"Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war","date_start":"2013-06-09"}]}},"operation-uvda":{"extract":"Operation Uvda (Hebrew: מבצע עובדה, Mivtza Uvda) was an operation conducted by the Israel Defense Forces during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, from 5 March to 10 March 1949. It was the last campaign undertaken by the IDF during the war and its objective was to capture the southern Negev desert, which was claimed by the Kingdom of Jordan to be under Jordanian control in the armistice talks of 1949.\n\nThe southern Negev was designated to be part of the Jewish State in the 1947 UN Partition Plan. The name uvda (עובדה) is Hebrew for \"fact\", referring to the operation's objective to establish de facto Israeli sovereignty over the territory in question, rather than actually conquer it. As such, the Israeli forces did not meet significant resistance on their way. The region claimed during this operation is now referred to as Uvda.\n\nThe Negev, Golani and Alexandroni brigades participated in the operation, as well as a number of smaller units.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1373607074,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-06T21:43:47Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Uvda","wikidata_qid":"Q931576","wikidata_classes":["military operation"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q49092","label":"1948 Arab–Israeli War","id":"1948-arab-israeli-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"operation-horev","title":"Operation Horev","date_start":"1948-12-22"},{"id":"operation-hiram","title":"Operation Hiram","date_start":"1948-10-29"},{"id":"operation-yoav","title":"Operation Yoav","date_start":"1948-10-15"},{"id":"operation-pleshet","title":"Operation Pleshet","date_start":"1948-05-29"},{"id":"battles-of-latrun-1948","title":"Battles of Latrun (1948)","date_start":"1948-05-24"}],"same_time":[{"id":"march-1949-syrian-coup-d-etat","title":"March 1949 Syrian coup d'état","date_start":"1949-03-29"},{"id":"1949-israeli-constituent-assembly-election","title":"1949 Israeli Constituent Assembly election","date_start":"1949-01-25"},{"id":"hula-massacre","title":"Hula massacre","date_start":"1948-11-01"},{"id":"eilabun-massacre","title":"Eilabun massacre","date_start":"1948-10-30"},{"id":"al-dawayima-massacre","title":"Al-Dawayima massacre","date_start":"1948-10-29"}]}},"war-in-iraq-2013-2017":{"extract":"The War in Iraq (2013–2017) was an armed conflict between Iraq and its allies and the Islamic State. Following December 2013, the insurgency escalated into a full-scale war following clashes in parts of western Iraq, which culminated in the Islamic State offensive into Iraq in June 2014, leading to the capture of the cities of Mosul, Tikrit and other cities in western and northern Iraq by the Islamic State. Between 4–9 June 2014, the city of Mosul was attacked and later fell; following this, Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki called for a national state of emergency on 10 June. However, despite the security crisis, Iraq's parliament did not allow Maliki to declare a state of emergency; many legislators boycotted the session because they opposed expanding the prime minister's powers. Ali Ghaidan, a former military commander in Mosul, accused al-Maliki of being the one who issued the order to withdraw from the city of Mosul. At its height, ISIL held 56,000 square kilometers of Iraqi territory, containing 4.5 million citizens.\n\nThe war resulted in the forced resignation of al-Maliki in 2014, as well as an airstrike campaign by the United States and a dozen other countries in support of the Iraqi military, participation of American and Canadian troops (predominantly special forces) in ground combat operations, a $3.5 billion U.S.-led program to rearm the Iraqi security forces, a U.S.-led training program that provided training to nearly 200,000 Iraqi soldiers and police, the participation of the military of Iran, including troops as well as armored and air elements, and military and logistical aid provided to Iraq by Russia. On 9 December 2017, Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi announced victory over the Islamic State. The Islamic State switched to guerrilla \"hit and run\" tactics in an effort to undermine the Iraqi government's effort to eradicate it. This conflict is interpreted by some in Iraq as a spillover of the Syrian civil war. Other Iraqis and observers see it mainly as a culmination of long-running local sectarianism, exacerbated by the 2003–2011 Iraq War, the subsequent increase in anti-Sunni sectarianism under Prime Minister al-Maliki, and the ensuing bloody crack-down on the 2012–2013 Iraqi protests.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1371329469,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-25T22:57:27Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)","wikidata_qid":"Q17984356","wikidata_classes":["civil war","war"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q17512479","label":"Arab Winter","id":"arab-winter"},{"qid":"Q17272643","label":"spillover of the Syrian Civil War"}],"includes":[{"id":"anbar-campaign-2013-2014","title":"Anbar campaign (2013–2014)","date_start":"2013-12-30"},{"id":"fall-of-mosul","title":"Fall of Mosul","date_start":"2014-06-04"},{"id":"islamic-state-invasion-of-iraq","title":"Islamic State invasion of Iraq","date_start":"2014-06-05"},{"id":"first-battle-of-tikrit","title":"First Battle of Tikrit","date_start":"2014-06-26"},{"id":"battle-of-zumar","title":"Battle of Zumar","date_start":"2014-08-01"},{"id":"sinjar-massacre","title":"Sinjar massacre","date_start":"2014-08-01"},{"id":"second-battle-of-tikrit","title":"Second Battle of Tikrit","date_start":"2015-03-02"},{"id":"iskandariya-suicide-bombing","title":"Iskandariya suicide bombing","date_start":"2016-03-25"},{"id":"2016-karrada-bombing","title":"2016 Karrada bombing","date_start":"2016-07-03"},{"id":"battle-of-mosul-2016-2017","title":"Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)","date_start":"2016-10-16"},{"id":"battle-of-tal-afar-2017","title":"Battle of Tal Afar (2017)","date_start":"2017-09-02"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"turkey-islamic-state-conflict","title":"Turkey–Islamic State conflict","date_start":"2013-05-11"},{"id":"august-2016-gaziantep-bombing","title":"August 2016 Gaziantep bombing","date_start":"2016-08-20"},{"id":"syrian-civil-war","title":"Syrian civil war","date_start":"2011-03-15"},{"id":"sinai-insurgency","title":"Sinai insurgency","date_start":"2011-02-05"},{"id":"2017-tehran-attacks","title":"2017 Tehran attacks","date_start":"2017-06-07"}],"same_time":[{"id":"fall-of-fallujah","title":"Fall of Fallujah","date_start":"2013-12-30"},{"id":"2014-turkish-local-elections","title":"2014 Turkish local elections","date_start":"2014-03-30"},{"id":"2014-iraqi-parliamentary-election","title":"2014 Iraqi parliamentary election","date_start":"2014-04-30"},{"id":"ghouta-chemical-attack","title":"Ghouta chemical attack","date_start":"2013-08-21"},{"id":"rabaa-massacre","title":"Rabaa massacre","date_start":"2013-08-14"}]}},"third-battle-of-fallujah":{"extract":"The Third Battle of Fallujah, code-named Operation Breaking Terrorism (Arabic: عملية كسر الإرهاب) by the Iraqi government, was a military operation against ISIL launched to capture the city of Fallujah and its suburbs, located about 69 kilometres (43 mi) west of Baghdad, the capital of Iraq. The operation began on 22 May 2016, three months after the Iraqi forces had started the total siege of Fallujah. On 26 June, Iraqi forces recaptured the city of Fallujah, before recapturing the remaining pocket of ISIL resistance in Fallujah's western outskirts two days later.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1381629644,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-23T19:42:19Z","data_fixes":[{"ref":"F6","anchor":"f6---three-battles-whose-start-came-out-after-their-end-first-battle-of-tikrit-palmyra-offensive-may-2015-third-battle-of-fallujah"}],"wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Fallujah","wikidata_qid":"Q24205448","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q2165215","label":"Iraqi insurgency","id":"iraqi-insurgency-2011-2013"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"islamic-state-invasion-of-iraq","title":"Islamic State invasion of Iraq","date_start":"2014-06-05"}],"nearby":[{"id":"fall-of-fallujah","title":"Fall of Fallujah","date_start":"2013-12-30","km":0,"bearing":0},{"id":"first-battle-of-fallujah","title":"First Battle of Fallujah","date_start":"2004-04-04","km":2.4,"bearing":140},{"id":"second-battle-of-fallujah","title":"Second Battle of Fallujah","date_start":"2004-12-23","km":2.4,"bearing":140},{"id":"abu-ghraib-torture-and-prisoner-abuse","title":"Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse","date_start":"2004-04-01","km":28.9,"bearing":106},{"id":"battles-of-ramadi-1917","title":"Battles of Ramadi (1917)","date_start":"1917-01-01","km":43.7,"bearing":277}],"same_time":[{"id":"june-2016-istanbul-bombing","title":"June 2016 Istanbul bombing","date_start":"2016-06-07"},{"id":"june-2016-tel-aviv-shooting","title":"June 2016 Tel Aviv shooting","date_start":"2016-06-08"},{"id":"2016-ataturk-airport-attack","title":"2016 Atatürk Airport attack","date_start":"2016-06-28"},{"id":"2016-syrian-parliamentary-election","title":"2016 Syrian parliamentary election","date_start":"2016-04-13"},{"id":"2016-karrada-bombing","title":"2016 Karrada bombing","date_start":"2016-07-03"}]}},"aleppo-offensive-november-december-2016":{"extract":"The Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016), code named Operation Dawn of Victory by government forces, was a successful military offensive launched by the Syrian Armed Forces and allied groups against rebel-held districts in Aleppo. The offensive came after the end of the moratorium on air strikes by Russia, and the Russian Armed Forces again conducted heavy air and cruise missile strikes against rebel positions throughout northwestern Syria. The offensive resulted in government forces taking control of all rebel-controlled parts of eastern and southern Aleppo, and the evacuation of the remaining rebel forces.\n\nThe offensive was described as a potential turning point in the Syrian Civil War.\n\nAlmost 1,200 people were killed during the operation, including more than 600 civilians, most of whom died in the rebel-held part of the city where the offensive took place, but at least 149 were also killed by rebel shelling of government-held parts of Aleppo and some died in rebel strikes on the enclave held by the Syrian Democratic Forces.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1370427775,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-21T02:21:21Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2016)","wikidata_qid":"Q27894014","wikidata_classes":["military operation","battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q1842866","label":"Battle of Aleppo","id":"battle-of-aleppo-2012-2016"}],"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"battle-of-al-bab","title":"Battle of al-Bab","date_start":"2016-11-06"},{"id":"raqqa-campaign-2016-2017","title":"Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)","date_start":"2016-11-06"},{"id":"palmyra-offensive-december-2016","title":"Palmyra offensive (December 2016)","date_start":"2016-12-08"},{"id":"2016-besiktas-bombings","title":"2016 Beşiktaş bombings","date_start":"2016-12-10"},{"id":"botroseya-church-bombing","title":"Botroseya Church bombing","date_start":"2016-12-11"}]}},"black-sea-grain-initiative":{"extract":"The Black Sea Grain Initiative (or the Initiative on the Safe Transportation of Grain and Foodstuffs from Ukrainian ports commonly called the grain deal in the media) was an agreement between Russia, Ukraine, Turkey, and the United Nations (UN). It took place during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The February 2022 invasion led to a complete halt of maritime grain shipments from Ukraine, previously a major exporter via the Black Sea. Additionally, Russia temporarily halted its grain exports, further exacerbating the situation. This resulted in a rise in world food prices, the threat of famine in lower-income countries, and accusations that Russia was weaponizing food supplies. To address the issue, discussions began in April, hosted by Turkey (which controls the maritime routes from the Black Sea) and supported by the UN. The resulting agreement was signed in Istanbul on 22 July, valid for a period of 120 days. The July agreement created procedures to safely export grain from certain ports to attempt to address a worldwide food crisis. A joint coordination and inspection center was set up in Turkey, with the UN serving as secretariat.\n\nThe original agreement was set to expire on 19 November 2022. Russia suspended its participation in the agreement for several days due to a drone attack on Russian naval ships elsewhere in the Black Sea, but rejoined following mediation. On 17 November 2022, the UN and Ukraine announced that the agreement had been extended for a further 120 days. In March 2023, Turkey and the UN announced that they had secured a second extension for at least another 60 days. In May 2023, the deal was once again extended for 60 days, to expire on 18 July. By mid-July 2023, more than 1000 shipments had successfully left Ukrainian ports, carrying nearly 33 million tonnes of grain and other food products to 45 countries. In summer 2023, Russia repeatedly claimed it would withdraw from the deal in July 2023 unless its demands were met. By 17 July 2023, no new agreement to renew the deal had been reached, and the extended original agreement expired.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1374793679,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-14T03:18:01Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative","wikidata_qid":"Q113295397","wikidata_classes":["treaty"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":"A Russia-Ukraine grain agreement, tagged Turkey because it was signed in Istanbul.","disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q111525590","label":"2022–2023 food crises"}],"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"mahsa-amini-protests","title":"Mahsa Amini protests","date_start":"2022-09-16"},{"id":"2022-shah-cheragh-attack","title":"2022 Shah Cheragh attack","date_start":"2022-10-26"},{"id":"2022-al-aqsa-clashes","title":"2022 Al-Aqsa clashes","date_start":"2022-04-15"},{"id":"2022-israeli-legislative-election","title":"2022 Israeli legislative election","date_start":"2022-11-01"},{"id":"2022-istanbul-bombing","title":"2022 Istanbul bombing","date_start":"2022-11-13"}]}},"october-1981-iranian-presidential-election":{"extract":"Presidential elections were held in Iran on 2 October 1981 following the assassination of president Mohammad-Ali Rajai. Ali Khamenei was elected with 95% of the vote.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1356517562,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-05-28T06:38:40Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_1981_Iranian_presidential_election","wikidata_qid":"Q1672408","wikidata_classes":["presidential election","public election"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"assassination-of-anwar-sadat","title":"Assassination of Anwar Sadat","date_start":"1981-10-06"},{"id":"operation-tariq-al-quds","title":"Operation Tariq al-Quds","date_start":"1981-12-07"},{"id":"july-1981-iranian-presidential-election","title":"July 1981 Iranian presidential election","date_start":"1981-07-24"},{"id":"1981-israeli-legislative-election","title":"1981 Israeli legislative election","date_start":"1981-06-30"},{"id":"haft-e-tir-bombing","title":"Haft-e Tir bombing","date_start":"1981-06-28"}]}},"tanker-war":{"extract":"The tanker war, part of the larger Iran–Iraq War, was a series of military attacks by Iran and Iraq against merchant vessels in the Persian Gulf and Strait of Hormuz from 1981 to 1988. Iraq was responsible for 283 attacks. Iran accounted for 168.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1373155338,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-04T09:04:36Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanker_war","wikidata_qid":"Q6414580","wikidata_classes":["naval warfare","military campaign","armed conflict"],"date_flags":["date_start_year_not_in_lead: start year 1984 (1984-02-01) is not within 1 year of any year in the Wikipedia lead [1981, 1988]"],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q82664","label":"Iran–Iraq War","id":"iran-iraq-war"}],"includes":[{"id":"operation-praying-mantis","title":"Operation Praying Mantis","date_start":"1988-04-18"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"operation-beit-ol-moqaddas","title":"Operation Beit ol-Moqaddas","date_start":"1982-05-24"},{"id":"battle-of-khorramshahr-1982","title":"Battle of Khorramshahr (1982)","date_start":"1982-04-24"},{"id":"operation-fath-ol-mobin","title":"Operation Fath ol-Mobin","date_start":"1982-03-22"},{"id":"first-battle-of-al-faw","title":"First Battle of al-Faw","date_start":"1986-02-11"},{"id":"operation-tariq-al-quds","title":"Operation Tariq al-Quds","date_start":"1981-12-07"}]}},"2023-turkish-parliamentary-election":{"extract":"Parliamentary elections were held in Turkey on 14 May 2023, alongside presidential elections, to elect all 600 members of the Grand National Assembly. The incoming members formed the 28th Parliament of Turkey. The elections had originally been scheduled to take place on June 18, but the government moved them forward by a month to avoid coinciding with the university exams, the Hajj pilgrimage and the start of the summer holidays. Prior to the election, the electoral threshold for a party to enter parliament was lowered from 10% to 7% by the ruling party.\n\nThe elections were contested by a total of 24 political parties. Some parties decided to participate in the elections as part of an electoral alliance, many of which were formed for the previous 2018 election and had been expanded since. The governing Justice and Development Party (AKP) of incumbent President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan lead the People's Alliance, which also included the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), the Great Union Party (BBP) and the New Welfare Party (YRP). The largest opposition alliance was headed by the main opposition Republican People's Party (CHP) and included five other parties. These included the Good Party (İYİ), the Felicity Party (SP), the Democrat Party (DP) and two other parties headed by former senior AKP politicians, namely the Democracy and Progress Party (DEVA) of former economy minister Ali Babacan and the Future Party (GP) of former Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu. The pro-Kurdish Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) opted to run on the lists of the Party of Greens and the Left Future (YSGP) in light of a potential closure case. The YSGP itself headed the left-wing Labour and Freedom Alliance along with the Workers' Party of Turkey (TİP). Two smaller alliances, the Ancestral Alliance of presidential candidate Sinan Oğan and the Union of Socialist Forces, also participated in the elections for the first time.\n\nThe People's Alliance retained its majority in the parliament with 323 MPs. The AKP, led by incumbent president Erdoğan, won the highest percentage of the vote with 36%, though it suffered its worst result since 2002. MHP, the second largest party of the People's Alliance, outperformed expectations and won 10.1% of the votes. The alliance overall won just under 50% of the vote. The Nation Alliance only marginally improved on its 2018 vote, winning a combined 34% and 212 MPs. The Labour and Freedom Alliance suffered a decline in their vote, winning just over 10% and 66 seats. No other electoral alliance won seats. The election resulted in seven parties entering the parliament, which is a record in Turkish politics.\n\nMany smaller parties ran on the lists of larger ones to avoid splitting the vote. Prior to the election, the CHP caused controversy by fielding 77 DEVA, Felicity Party, Future Party, and Democrat Party candidates on its own lists, of which 39 (14 DEVA, 10 Felicity, 10 Future, 3 Democrats, 1 IYI, and 1 Party for Change in Turkey) were elected — a significantly higher proportion than these parties' national share of support. These included former AKP ministers such as Sadullah Ergin (running as a DEVA candidate), who was widely criticised for his role as Justice Minister in the Ergenekon conspiracy against the Turkish Armed Forces. The AKP, meanwhile, was criticised for fielding members of the Free Cause Party (HÜDA PAR), a party known for its ties to the Kurdish Hezbollah, as candidates.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1355081914,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-05-19T21:07:31Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Turkish_parliamentary_election","wikidata_qid":"Q55625115","wikidata_classes":["legislative election","public election"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q111594736","label":"2023 Turkish general election","id":"2023-turkish-general-election"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"2023-turkish-presidential-election","title":"2023 Turkish presidential election","date_start":"2023-05-14"}],"same_time":[{"id":"2023-israel-palestine-tensions","title":"2023 Israel–Palestine tensions","date_start":"2023-04-05"},{"id":"july-2023-jenin-incursion","title":"July 2023 Jenin incursion","date_start":"2023-07-03"},{"id":"2023-iran-drone-attacks","title":"2023 Iran drone attacks","date_start":"2023-01-28"},{"id":"2023-neve-yaakov-shooting","title":"2023 Neve Yaakov shooting","date_start":"2023-01-27"},{"id":"2023-homs-drone-strike","title":"2023 Homs drone strike","date_start":"2023-10-05"}]}},"2023-egyptian-presidential-election":{"extract":"Presidential elections were held in Egypt in December 2023, as announced by the National Election Authority, after speculation that the elections might be held earlier than expected. Candidate registration was from 5–14 October 2023 and the election was held in Egypt from 10 to 12 December; expatriates voted from 1–3 December.\n\nIncumbent president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, who initially came to power in the aftermath of the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état, was eligible for re-election since term limits were adjusted from four to six years by a constitutional amendment in 2019, and he technically will not have served as president for more than the maximum of 12 years at the time of the election. His rule has been described as authoritarian. On 18 December he was reported to have won with 90% of the vote with a 67% turnout. El-Sisi was inaugurated for another term on 2 April 2024, with his victory attributed to him facing no serious challengers.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1379328765,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-09T07:48:25Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Egyptian_presidential_election","wikidata_qid":"Q121842916","wikidata_classes":["Presidential elections in Egypt","public election"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"killing-of-alon-shamriz-yotam-haim-and-samer-talalka","title":"Killing of Alon Shamriz, Yotam Haim, and Samer Talalka","date_start":"2023-12-15"},{"id":"operation-prosperity-guardian","title":"Operation Prosperity Guardian","date_start":"2023-12-18"},{"id":"2023-gaza-war-ceasefire","title":"2023 Gaza war ceasefire","date_start":"2023-11-24"},{"id":"assassination-of-saleh-al-arouri","title":"Assassination of Saleh al-Arouri","date_start":"2024-01-02"},{"id":"2024-kerman-bombings","title":"2024 Kerman bombings","date_start":"2024-01-03"}]}}}