{"battle-of-karameh":{"extract":"The Battle of Karameh (Arabic: معركة الكرامة) was a 15-hour military engagement between Israel and the combined forces of Jordan and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in the Jordanian border town of Karameh during the War of Attrition on 21 March 1968. It was planned by Israel as one of two concurrent raids on PLO camps, one in Karameh along the Jordan River and the other in the distant village of Ghor es-Safi south of the Dead Sea.\n\nAfter Israel occupied the West Bank in 1967, Palestinian fighters, also known as fedayeen, moved to Jordan and stepped up their attacks on Israel and the occupied territories, basing themselves in Karameh. Israel stated that it aimed to destroy fedayeen camps at Karameh, and to capture the leader of the PLO Yasser Arafat as reprisal. Israel also wanted to punish Jordan for its perceived support to the fedayeen. A large Israeli force launched an attack on the town on the dawn of 21 March, supported by fighter jets. Israel assumed the Jordanian Army would choose to not get involved in the battle, but the latter deployed heavy artillery fire, while the Palestinian irregulars engaged in guerrilla warfare. The Israelis withdrew, or were repulsed, after a day-long battle.\n\nBoth sides declared victory. On a tactical level, Israel managed to destroy most of the Karameh camp and take around a hundred PLO fighters as prisoners. On a political level, Jordan and the PLO inflicted relatively high casualties on the Israelis, who left behind three dead soldiers in Karameh along with several damaged Israeli vehicles and tanks, which were later paraded in Amman by the Jordanian Army. The engagement also marked the first known deployment of suicide bombers by Palestinian fighters, and the issuance of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 248, which unanimously condemned Israel for violating the cease-fire line and its disproportionate use of force.\n\nThe battle gained wide acclaim and recognition in the Arab world, and the following period witnessed an upsurge of support from Arab countries to the fedayeen in Jordan. The Palestinians had limited success in inflicting Israeli casualties, but King Hussein allowed them to take credit, to the point of proclaiming \"we are all fedayeen\". As the PLO's strength began to grow in the aftermath, the fedayeen began to speak openly of overthrowing the Hashemite monarchy, and the ensuing tensions with the Jordanian authorities eventually precipitated in their expulsion to Lebanon in 1971, marking the end of the Black September conflict.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1374545421,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-12T18:33:30Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Karameh","wikidata_qid":"Q1930278","wikidata_classes":["battle","military operation","armed conflict"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"hand_picked":true,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q322607","label":"War of Attrition","id":"war-of-attrition"}],"related":{"nearby":[{"id":"2005-amman-bombings","title":"2005 Amman bombings","date_start":"2005-11-09","km":33.3,"bearing":90},{"id":"2023-neve-yaakov-shooting","title":"2023 Neve Yaakov shooting","date_start":"2023-01-27","km":34.5,"bearing":249},{"id":"emirate-of-transjordan","title":"Emirate of Transjordan","date_start":"1921-04-11","km":34.7,"bearing":89},{"id":"hadassah-medical-convoy-massacre","title":"Hadassah medical convoy massacre","date_start":"1948-04-13","km":37.2,"bearing":242},{"id":"battle-of-ammunition-hill","title":"Battle of Ammunition Hill","date_start":"1967-06-06","km":37.2,"bearing":243}],"same_time":[{"id":"1968-iraqi-coup-d-tat","title":"17 July Revolution","date_start":"1968-07-17"}]}},"march-2015-sanaa-mosque-bombings":{"extract":"The 2015 Sanaa mosque bombings were four suicide attacks targeting two mosques on 20 March 2015 in Sanaa, Yemen.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1374399775,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-11T20:54:45Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_2015_Sanaa_mosque_bombings","wikidata_qid":"Q19637227","wikidata_classes":["terrorist attack"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"2015-israeli-legislative-election","title":"2015 Israeli legislative election","date_start":"2015-03-17"},{"id":"saudi-arabian-led-intervention-in-yemen","title":"Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war","date_start":"2015-03-26"},{"id":"battle-of-idlib-2015","title":"Battle of Idlib (2015)","date_start":"2015-03-28"},{"id":"houthi-saudi-conflict","title":"Houthi–Saudi conflict","date_start":"2015-04-02"},{"id":"second-battle-of-tikrit","title":"Second Battle of Tikrit","date_start":"2015-03-02"}]}},"january-2016-istanbul-bombing":{"extract":"On 12 January 2016, a suicide attack in Istanbul's historic Sultanahmet district killed 13 people, all foreigners, and injured 14 others. The attack occurred at 10:20 local time, near the Blue Mosque and the Hagia Sophia, an area popular among tourists. The attacker was Nabil Fadli (Arabic: نبيل فضلي), a Syrian member of the Islamic State.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1371158692,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-24T23:00:31Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2016_Istanbul_bombing","wikidata_qid":"Q22039066","wikidata_classes":["suicide bombing","mass murder","terrorist attack"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"nearby":[{"id":"istanbul-convention","title":"Istanbul Convention","date_start":"2011-05-11","km":1.3,"bearing":290},{"id":"june-2016-istanbul-bombing","title":"June 2016 Istanbul bombing","date_start":"2016-06-07","km":1.8,"bearing":298},{"id":"2003-istanbul-bombings","title":"2003 Istanbul bombings","date_start":"2003-11-01","km":2.3,"bearing":354},{"id":"march-2016-istanbul-bombing","title":"March 2016 Istanbul bombing","date_start":"2016-03-19","km":3.3,"bearing":8},{"id":"2022-istanbul-bombing","title":"2022 Istanbul bombing","date_start":"2022-11-13","km":3.3,"bearing":9}],"same_time":[{"id":"2015-saudi-arabian-municipal-elections","title":"2015 Saudi Arabian municipal elections","date_start":"2015-12-12"},{"id":"february-2016-ankara-bombing","title":"February 2016 Ankara bombing","date_start":"2016-02-17"},{"id":"2016-iranian-legislative-election","title":"2016 Iranian legislative election","date_start":"2016-02-25"},{"id":"2015-russian-sukhoi-su-24-shootdown","title":"2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown","date_start":"2015-11-24"},{"id":"palmyra-offensive-march-2016","title":"Palmyra offensive (March 2016)","date_start":"2016-03-09"}]}},"battle-of-baghuz-fawqani":{"extract":"The Battle of Baghuz Fawqani was an offensive by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), assisted by Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve (CJTF-OIR) coalition airstrikes, artillery, and special forces personnel, that began on 9 February 2019 as part of the Deir ez-Zor campaign of the Syrian Civil War. The battle—which was composed of a series of ground assaults—took place in and around the Syrian town of Al-Baghuz Fawqani in the Middle Euphrates River Valley near the Iraq–Syria border, and was the territorial last stand of the Islamic State (IS) in eastern Syria.\n\nAfter corralling IS forces into a densely populated cluster of hamlets and a tent city along the riverside within the first week, the SDF realised that a greater-than-anticipated number of civilians, most of whom were relatives of the what were now mostly foreign IS fighters, were still in the enclave. With CJTF-OIR oversight, the SDF took an incremental approach to the battle, launching assaults then pausing to allow surrendering fighters, hostages, and families to evacuate in order to minimize civilian casualties. The \"trickle-out\" strategy, coupled with stiff resistance by veteran Islamic State jihadists within a small dense area, prolonged the battle into a protracted siege. The SDF officially declared final victory over the IS in Baghuz Fawqani on 23 March, marking the end of IS-controlled territories in Syria.\n\nDuring the battle, on 18 March, a coalition airstrike killed many people. The incident, of which disclosure was suppressed by the U.S. military, killed up to 80 people, including 64 civilians and 16 IS militants according to The New York Times, who revealed it to the public in November 2021.\n\nA US military investigation in May 2022 concluded that the airstrike killed 52 IS fighters and 4 civilians and did not violate the laws of war.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1374131225,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-10T01:27:19Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani","wikidata_qid":"Q61843818","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q39899474","label":"Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)"}],"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"2019-turkish-local-elections","title":"2019 Turkish local elections","date_start":"2019-03-31"},{"id":"april-2019-israeli-legislative-election","title":"April 2019 Israeli legislative election","date_start":"2019-04-09"},{"id":"killing-of-jamal-khashoggi","title":"Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi","date_start":"2018-10-02"},{"id":"june-2019-istanbul-mayoral-election","title":"June 2019 Istanbul mayoral election","date_start":"2019-06-23"},{"id":"ahvaz-military-parade-attack","title":"Ahvaz military parade attack","date_start":"2018-09-21"}]}},"raid-on-the-suez-canal":{"extract":"The raid on the Suez Canal, also known as actions on the Suez Canal, took place between 26 January and 4 February 1915 when a German-led Ottoman force advanced from southern Palestine to attack the British Empire-protected Suez Canal, marking the beginning of the Sinai and Palestine campaign (1915–1918) of World War I (1914–1918).\n\nSubstantial Ottoman forces crossed the Sinai Peninsula, and a few managed to cross the Canal. The primary objective of the Ottoman forces was not to capture British Egypt, but to seize the Suez Canal. Capturing this strategically vital channel would cut British communications with East Africa, India and Asia, and prevent British Empire troops from reaching the Mediterranean Sea and Europe. The Ottoman attack was a failure with the loss of nearly 2,000 troops.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1370706217,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-22T16:52:33Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raid_on_the_Suez_Canal","wikidata_qid":"Q2382729","wikidata_classes":["military raid","armed conflict"],"date_flags":["date_source_adjusted: Wikidata P585 1915-02-04 equals the item's end time (P582); used P580 start time 1915-01-26"],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q361","label":"World War I","id":"world-war-i"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"battle-of-sarikamish","title":"Battle of Sarikamish","date_start":"1914-12-22"},{"id":"middle-eastern-theatre-of-world-war-i","title":"Middle Eastern theatre of World War I","date_start":"1914-10-30"},{"id":"landing-at-anzac-cove","title":"Landing at Anzac Cove","date_start":"1915-04-25"},{"id":"battle-of-bitlis","title":"Battle of Bitlis","date_start":"1915-07-01"},{"id":"erzurum-offensive","title":"Erzurum offensive","date_start":"1916-01-10"}]}},"jaffa-riots-may-1921":{"extract":"The Jaffa riots (commonly known in Hebrew: מאורעות תרפ\"א, romanized: Me'oraot Tarpa) were a series of violent riots in Mandatory Palestine on May 1–7, 1921, which began as a confrontation between two Jewish groups but developed into an attack by Arabs on Jews and then reprisal attacks by Jews on Arabs. The rioting began in Jaffa and spread to other parts of the country. The riot resulted in the deaths of 47 Jews and 48 Arabs, with 146 Jews and 73 Arabs wounded.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1371490637,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-26T19:32:41Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaffa_riots_(May_1921)","wikidata_qid":"Q1575603","wikidata_classes":["ethnic riot","riot","protest"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q2992527","label":"Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"battle-of-tel-hai","title":"Battle of Tel Hai","date_start":"1920-03-01"},{"id":"1929-palestine-riots","title":"1929 Palestine riots","date_start":"1929-08-23"},{"id":"1936-39-arab-revolt-in-palestine","title":"1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine","date_start":"1936-04-19"}],"nearby":[{"id":"dolphinarium-discotheque-bombing","title":"Dolphinarium discotheque bombing","date_start":"2001-06-01","km":1.8,"bearing":23},{"id":"june-2016-tel-aviv-shooting","title":"June 2016 Tel Aviv shooting","date_start":"2016-06-08","km":3.8,"bearing":53},{"id":"assassination-of-yitzhak-rabin","title":"Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin","date_start":"1995-11-04","km":4.2,"bearing":37},{"id":"coastal-road-massacre","title":"Coastal road massacre","date_start":"1978-03-11","km":11.6,"bearing":23},{"id":"sabena-flight-571","title":"Sabena Flight 571","date_start":"1972-05-08","km":12.5,"bearing":112}],"same_time":[{"id":"emirate-of-transjordan","title":"Emirate of Transjordan","date_start":"1921-04-11"},{"id":"kurdish-turkish-conflict","title":"Kurdish–Turkish conflict","date_start":"1921-03-06"},{"id":"1921-persian-coup-d-etat","title":"1921 Persian coup d'état","date_start":"1921-02-21"},{"id":"battle-of-the-sakarya","title":"Battle of the Sakarya","date_start":"1921-08-23"},{"id":"treaty-of-ankara-1921","title":"Treaty of Ankara (1921)","date_start":"1921-10-20"}]}},"2018-turkish-parliamentary-election":{"extract":"Parliamentary elections were held in Turkey on 24 June 2018 as part of general elections, with presidential elections taking place on the same day. Originally scheduled for 27 October 2019, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan called snap elections on 18 April after months of speculation. With the passage of a series of constitutional amendments in the 2017 referendum, the number of MPs will be increased from the previous 550 to 600. These representatives will be elected by the constituents of the 87 electoral districts of Turkey by party-list proportional representation.\n\nThe referendum in 2017 triggered a transition from a parliamentary system to an executive presidency. As such, the Grand National Assembly elected in 2018 was not entitled to appoint the prime minister and cabinet after the elections. While the office of prime minister was set to be abolished altogether, cabinet ministers will primarily serve at the pleasure of the president, who is to fill the role of both head of state and head of government.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1374332184,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-11T10:27:26Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Turkish_parliamentary_election","wikidata_qid":"Q21469665","wikidata_classes":["legislative election","public election"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q30588330","label":"2018 Turkish general election","id":"2018-turkish-general-election"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"2018-turkish-presidential-election","title":"2018 Turkish presidential election","date_start":"2018-06-24"}],"same_time":[{"id":"2018-iraqi-parliamentary-election","title":"2018 Iraqi parliamentary election","date_start":"2018-05-12"},{"id":"operation-house-of-cards","title":"Operation House of Cards","date_start":"2018-05-10"},{"id":"united-states-withdrawal-from-the-joint-comprehensive-plan-of-action","title":"United States withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal","date_start":"2018-05-08"},{"id":"2018-lebanese-general-election","title":"2018 Lebanese general election","date_start":"2018-05-06"},{"id":"united-arab-emirates-occupation-of-socotra","title":"United Arab Emirates occupation of Socotra","date_start":"2018-04-30"}]}},"ein-hashlosha-massacre":{"extract":"On October 7, 2023, a series of coordinated armed incursions from the blockaded Gaza Strip into the Gaza envelope of southern Israel were carried out by Hamas and several other Palestinian militant groups. In response, Israel launched a major military operation in Gaza.\n\nThe attacks began during the Jewish holiday of Simchat Torah with a barrage of at least 4,300 rockets launched into Israel and vehicle-transported and powered paraglider incursions into Israel. Hamas militants breached the Gaza–Israel barrier, attacking military bases and massacring civilians in 21 communities, including Be'eri, Kfar Aza, Nir Oz, Netiv Haasara, and Alumim. According to an Israel Defense Forces (IDF) report that revised the estimate on the number of attackers, 6,000 Gazans breached the border in 119 locations into Israel, including 3,800 from the elite Nukhba forces and 2,200 civilians and other militants. Additionally, the IDF report estimated 1,000 Gazans fired rockets from the Gaza Strip, bringing the total number of participants on Hamas's side to 7,000.\n\nIn total, at least 1,195 people were killed by the attacks: at least 828 civilians (including 36 children\n\nand 71 foreign nationals) and at least 367 members of the security forces. 364 civilians were killed while they were attending the Nova music festival and many more wounded. 251 Israeli and non-Israeli civilians and soldiers were taken as hostages to the Gaza Strip. Numerous sources have reported dozens of cases of rape and sexual assault, but Hamas officials denied the involvement of their fighters. The IDF used the Hannibal Directive on that day, which may have led to at least 13 Israeli civilian deaths.\n\nHamas said its attack was in response to the continued Israeli occupation, the blockade of the Gaza Strip, the expansion of illegal Israeli settlements, rising Israeli settler violence, recent escalations and Israel's holding of Palestinian prisoners, and that it was in defense of the Palestinian people and their cause. Experts disagree on whether Hamas sought to induce the destruction of Israel, or to establish a Palestinian state with 1967 borders. The day was labelled the bloodiest in Israel's history and \"the deadliest for Jews since the Holocaust\" by many figures and media outlets in the West, including then-US president Joe Biden. Some have alleged that the attack was an act of genocide or a genocidal massacre against Israelis. The governments of 44 countries denounced the attack and described it as terrorism, while some Arab and Muslim-majority countries blamed Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories as the root cause of the attack.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-10","wikipedia_revid":1379171419,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-08T09:55:17Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_7_attacks","wikidata_qid":"Q123027684","wikidata_classes":["massacre","terrorist attack","hate crime","mass murder"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":"October 7 attacks","date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":true,"note":"Hedges claims about the attack itself: the sexual-violence reports are hedged (\"numerous sources have reported\", paired with Hamas's denial), and even the day's place as the deadliest in Israel's history is given as a label used \"by many figures and media outlets in the West\". \"Illegal Israeli settlements\" appears in a paraphrase of Hamas's reasons, not a quotation, so it is unclear whether \"illegal\" is Hamas's word or Wikipedia's. Hamas's stated reasons are given at length and attributed, but the aim some analysts give, that the attack was meant to set off a wider regional conflict, is not mentioned. It also notes that 44 governments called the attack terrorism.","highlights":["illegal Israeli settlements","The day was labelled the bloodiest in Israel's history","Numerous sources have reported dozens of cases of rape and sexual assault"]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[{"text":"illegal Israeli settlements","kind":"fairness"},{"text":"The day was labelled the bloodiest in Israel's history","kind":"fairness"},{"text":"Numerous sources have reported dozens of cases of rape and sexual assault","kind":"fairness"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q122976243","label":"October 7 attacks","id":"october-7-attacks"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"alumim-massacre","title":"Alumim massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"be-eri-massacre","title":"Be'eri massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"holit-attack","title":"Holit attack","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"kfar-aza-massacre","title":"Kfar Aza massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"kissufim-massacre","title":"Kissufim massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07"}],"nearby":[{"id":"nirim-attack","title":"Nirim attack","date_start":"2023-10-07","km":1.7,"bearing":204},{"id":"nir-oz-attack","title":"Nir Oz attack","date_start":"2023-10-07","km":4.4,"bearing":180},{"id":"nova-music-festival-massacre","title":"Nova music festival massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07","km":8.4,"bearing":51},{"id":"khan-yunis-massacre","title":"Khan Yunis massacre","date_start":"1956-11-03","km":9.5,"bearing":266},{"id":"world-central-kitchen-aid-convoy-attack","title":"World Central Kitchen aid convoy attack","date_start":"2024-04-01","km":10.2,"bearing":317}],"same_time":[{"id":"2023-israel-hamas-war","title":"Gaza war","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"battle-of-re-im","title":"Battle of Re'im","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"battle-of-sderot","title":"Battle of Sderot","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"gaza-genocide","title":"Gaza genocide","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"kidnapping-and-killing-of-the-bibas-family","title":"Kidnapping and murder of the Bibas family","date_start":"2023-10-07"}]}}}