{"sykes-picot-agreement":{"extract":"The Sykes–Picot Agreement () was a 1916 secret treaty between the United Kingdom and France, with assent from Russia and Italy, to define their mutually agreed spheres of influence and control in an eventual partition of the Ottoman Empire.\n\nThe agreement was based on the premise that the Triple Entente would achieve success in defeating the Ottoman Empire during World War I and formed part of a series of secret agreements contemplating its partition. The primary negotiations leading to the agreement took place between 23 November 1915 and 3 January 1916, on which date the British and French diplomats, Mark Sykes and François Georges-Picot, initialled an agreed memorandum. The agreement was ratified by their respective governments on 9 and 16 May 1916.\n\nThe agreement effectively divided the Ottoman provinces outside the Arabian Peninsula into areas of British and French control and influence. The British- and French-controlled countries were divided by the Sykes–Picot line. The agreement allocated to the UK control of what is today southern Israel, Jordan and southern Iraq, and an additional small area that included the ports of Haifa and Acre to allow access to the Mediterranean. France was to control southeastern Turkey, the Kurdistan Region, Syria and Lebanon.\n\nAs a result of the included Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement, Russia was to get Western Armenia in addition to Constantinople and the Turkish Straits already promised under the 1915 Constantinople Agreement. Italy assented to the agreement in 1917 via the Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne and received southern Anatolia. The Palestine region, with a smaller area than the later Mandatory Palestine, was to fall under an \"international administration\".\n\nThe agreement was initially used directly as the basis for the 1918 Anglo–French Modus Vivendi, which provided a framework for the Occupied Enemy Territory Administration in the Levant. More broadly it was to lead, indirectly, to the subsequent partitioning of the Ottoman Empire following Ottoman defeat in 1918. Shortly after the war, the French ceded Palestine and Mosul to the British. Mandates in the Levant and Mesopotamia were assigned at the April 1920 San Remo conference following the Sykes–Picot framework; the British Mandate for Palestine ran until 1948, the British Mandate for Mesopotamia was to be replaced by a similar treaty with Mandatory Iraq, and the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon lasted until 1946. The Anatolian parts of the agreement were assigned by the August 1920 Treaty of Sèvres; however, these ambitions were thwarted by the 1919–23 Turkish War of Independence and the subsequent Treaty of Lausanne.\n\nThe agreement is seen by many as a turning point in Western and Arab relations. Arabs saw it as the failure to keep a British promise in the McMahon–Hussein correspondence with Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz regarding a national Arab homeland in exchange for supporting the British against the Ottoman Empire. The British later claimed that Palestine was meant to be excluded from the area of Arab rule, as it is technically located west of Damascus: for obvious reasons the Zionists took the same position. The Arabs interpreted the letter as it reads: Lebanon, not Palestine, is to the west of Damascus and the other areas mentioned. The agreement, along with others, was made public by the Bolsheviks in Moscow on 23 November 1917 and repeated in The Manchester Guardian on 26 November 1917, such that \"the British were embarrassed, the Arabs dismayed and the Turks delighted\". The agreement's legacy has led to much resentment in the region, among Arabs in particular but also among Kurds who were denied an independent state.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1379657240,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-11T04:37:42Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement","wikidata_qid":"Q211674","wikidata_classes":["treaty"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"country-fallback:Syria","text_from_article":null,"hand_picked":true,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":true,"note":"Mostly gives both the Arab and British readings of the agreement, but includes an unattributed aside that \"for obvious reasons the Zionists took the same position\".","highlights":["for obvious reasons the Zionists took the same position"]},"wording":{"found":true,"findings":[{"guideline":"EDITORIAL","guideline_name":"Editorializing","shortcut":"MOS:EDITORIAL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AManual_of_Style%2FWords_to_watch&oldid=1376702503#Editorializing","phrase":"for obvious reasons the Zionists took the same position","note":"\"For obvious reasons\" imputes a motive in Wikipedia's own voice."},{"guideline":"NPOV","guideline_name":"Avoid stating opinions as facts","shortcut":"WP:YESPOV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3ANeutral_point_of_view&oldid=1370393267#Explanation","phrase":"The Arabs interpreted the letter as it reads","note":"Endorses one reading of a disputed text in Wikipedia's own voice, while the British reading is introduced with \"claimed\"."}],"highlights":["for obvious reasons the Zionists took the same position","The Arabs interpreted the letter as it reads"]},"highlights":[{"text":"for obvious reasons the Zionists took the same position","kind":"fairness"},{"text":"for obvious reasons the Zionists took the same position","kind":"wording"},{"text":"The Arabs interpreted the letter as it reads","kind":"wording"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"arab-revolt","title":"Arab Revolt","date_start":"1916-06-10"},{"id":"battle-of-mecca-1916","title":"Battle of Mecca (1916)","date_start":"1916-06-10"},{"id":"siege-of-medina","title":"Siege of Medina","date_start":"1916-06-10"},{"id":"battle-of-erzincan-1916","title":"Battle of Erzincan (1916)","date_start":"1916-07-02"},{"id":"battle-of-romani","title":"Battle of Romani","date_start":"1916-08-03"}]}},"anglo-iraqi-treaty-1930":{"extract":"The Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1930 was a treaty of alliance between the United Kingdom and the British-Mandate-controlled administration of the Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq. The treaty was between Kings George V of the United Kingdom and Faisal I of Iraq. High Commissioner Francis Humphrys signed for the United Kingdom and Prime Minister Nuri as-Said signed for Iraq. The 1930 treaty was based upon the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1922 but took into account Iraq's increased importance to British interests after oil was found in 1927.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1369404529,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-14T19:40:11Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_Treaty_of_1930","wikidata_qid":"Q541372","wikidata_classes":["treaty"],"date_flags":["date_start_year_not_in_lead: start year 1932 (1932-10-03) is not within 1 year of any year in the Wikipedia lead [1930, 1922, 1927]"],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"country-fallback:Iraq","text_from_article":null,"hand_picked":true,"date_precision":null,"framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false}},"iranian-green-movement":{"extract":"The Iranian Green Movement (Persian: جنبش سبز ایران, romanized: Jonbeš-e Sabz-e Irân) or Green Wave of Iran, also referred to as the Persian Awakening or Persian Spring by Western media, refers to a political movement that arose after the 12 June 2009 Iranian presidential election and lasted until early 2010, in which protesters demanded the removal of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad from office. Green was initially used as the symbol of Mir Hossein Mousavi's campaign, but after the election it became the symbol of unity and hope for those asking for annulment of what they regarded as a fraudulent election. Mir Hossein Mousavi and Mehdi Karroubi are recognized as political leaders of the Green Movement. Former deputy supreme leader, Hussein-Ali Montazeri was also mentioned as spiritual leader of the movement.\n\nThe Green Movement protests were a major event in Iran's modern political history and observers claimed that these protests were the largest since the Iranian Revolution of 1978–79. While the protests started out as a peaceful, non-violent movement, hundreds of people were arrested and several died as protests turned more violent in the following months. The movement eventually had trouble with retaining its momentum.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1375717703,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-19T16:01:24Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Green_Movement","wikidata_qid":"Q2626387","wikidata_classes":["social movement"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"country-fallback:Iran","text_from_article":null,"hand_picked":true,"date_precision":null,"framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false}},"hadassah-medical-convoy-massacre":{"extract":"The Hadassah convoy massacre took place on April 13, 1948, when a convoy, escorted by Haganah militia, bringing medical and military supplies and personnel to Hadassah Hospital on Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, was ambushed by Arab forces. Seventy-eight Jewish doctors, nurses, students, patients, faculty members and Haganah fighters, and one British soldier were killed in the attack, including twenty three women. Dozens of unidentified bodies, burned beyond recognition, were buried in a mass grave in the Sanhedria Cemetery.\n\nThe Jewish Agency claimed that the massacre was a gross violation of international humanitarian law, and demanded action be taken against a breach of the Geneva Conventions. The Arabs claimed they had attacked a military formation, that all members of the convoy had engaged in combat, and that it had been impossible to distinguish combatants from civilians. An enquiry was conducted. Eventually an agreement was reached to separate military from humanitarian convoys. It was undertaken as a retaliation after the Deir Yassin massacre five days earlier on 9 April, in which Zionist militant groups of Irgun and Lehi massacred at least 107 Arab villagers, including women and children.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1376957640,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-27T03:46:30Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadassah_medical_convoy_massacre","wikidata_qid":"Q1929123","wikidata_classes":["massacre"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q2379101","label":"1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"deir-yassin-massacre","title":"Deir Yassin massacre","date_start":"1948-04-09"},{"id":"battle-of-haifa-1948","title":"Battle of Haifa (1948)","date_start":"1948-04-21"},{"id":"operation-nachshon","title":"Operation Nachshon","date_start":"1948-04-05"},{"id":"semiramis-hotel-bombing","title":"Semiramis Hotel bombing","date_start":"1948-01-05"}],"nearby":[{"id":"battle-of-ammunition-hill","title":"Battle of Ammunition Hill","date_start":"1967-06-06","km":0.8,"bearing":329},{"id":"2023-israel-palestine-tensions","title":"2023 Israel–Palestine tensions","date_start":"2023-04-05","km":1.7,"bearing":169},{"id":"sbarro-restaurant-suicide-bombing","title":"Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing","date_start":"2001-08-09","km":1.8,"bearing":231},{"id":"1920-nebi-musa-riots","title":"1920 Nebi Musa riots","date_start":"1920-04-04","km":1.8,"bearing":175},{"id":"1929-palestine-riots","title":"1929 Palestine riots","date_start":"1929-08-23","km":1.8,"bearing":175}],"same_time":[{"id":"kfar-etzion-massacre","title":"Kfar Etzion massacre","date_start":"1948-05-13"},{"id":"israeli-declaration-of-independence","title":"Israeli Declaration of Independence","date_start":"1948-05-14"},{"id":"arab-israeli-conflict","title":"Arab–Israeli conflict","date_start":"1948-05-15"},{"id":"gaza-israel-conflict","title":"Gaza–Israel conflict","date_start":"1948-05-15"},{"id":"battles-of-latrun-1948","title":"Battles of Latrun (1948)","date_start":"1948-05-24"}]}},"palestinian-expulsion-from-lydda-and-ramle":{"extract":"In July 1948, during the 1948 Palestine war, the Palestinian towns of Lydda (also known as Lod) and Ramle were captured by the Israel Defense Forces and their residents (totalling 50,000–70,000 people) were violently expelled. The expulsions occurred as part of the broader 1948 Palestinian expulsions and the Nakba. Hundreds of Palestinians were killed in multiple mass killings, including the Lydda massacre, and in what is sometimes known as the Lydda death march. The two Arab towns, lying outside the area designated for a Jewish state in the UN Partition Plan of 1947, and inside the area set aside for an Arab state in Palestine, were subsequently incorporated into the new State of Israel and repopulated with Jewish immigrants. After their conquest the towns were given Hebrew names of Lod and Ramla.\n\nThe exodus, constituting the biggest expulsion of the war, took place at the end of a truce period, when fighting resumed, prompting Israel to try to improve its control over the Jerusalem road and its coastal route which were under pressure from the Jordanian Arab Legion along with Egyptian and Palestinian forces. From the Israeli perspective, the conquest of the towns, designed, according to Benny Morris, \"to induce civilian panic and flight\", averted an Arab threat to Tel Aviv, thwarted an Arab Legion advance by clogging the roads with refugees—the Yiftah Brigade was ordered to strip them of \"every watch, piece of jewelry, or money, or valuables\"—to force the Arab Legion to assume an additional logistical burden with the arrival of masses of indigent refugees that would undermine its military capacities, and helped demoralise nearby Arab cities.\n\nOnce the Israelis were in control of the towns, an expulsion order signed by Yitzhak Rabin was issued to the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) stating, \"1. The inhabitants of Lydda must be expelled quickly without attention to age....\". Ramle's residents were bussed out, while the people of Lydda were forced to walk miles during a summer heat wave to the Arab front lines, where the Arab Legion tried to provide shelter and supplies. A number of the refugees died during the exodus from exhaustion and dehydration, with estimates ranging from a handful to a figure of 500.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1372785153,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-02T07:06:58Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_expulsion_from_Lydda_and_Ramle","wikidata_qid":"Q774054","wikidata_classes":["exodus","ethnic cleansing","forced displacement","population transfer"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"month","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q13220089","label":"1948 Palestinian exodus","id":"1948-palestinian-expulsion-and-flight"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"al-dawayima-massacre","title":"Al-Dawayima massacre","date_start":"1948-10-29"},{"id":"safsaf-massacre","title":"Safsaf massacre","date_start":"1948-10-29"}],"nearby":[{"id":"lod-airport-massacre","title":"Lod Airport massacre","date_start":"1972-05-30","km":6.1,"bearing":14},{"id":"sabena-flight-571","title":"Sabena Flight 571","date_start":"1972-05-08","km":7.5,"bearing":359},{"id":"qibya-massacre","title":"Qibya massacre","date_start":"1953-10-15","km":13,"bearing":72},{"id":"battles-of-latrun-1948","title":"Battles of Latrun (1948)","date_start":"1948-05-24","km":15,"bearing":140},{"id":"june-2016-tel-aviv-shooting","title":"June 2016 Tel Aviv shooting","date_start":"2016-06-08","km":16.9,"bearing":329}]}},"eilabun-massacre":{"extract":"The Eilabun massacre was committed on 30 October 1948 by the Israel Defense Forces as part of the 1948 Palestine war. A total of 14 men from the Arab Christian village of Eilabun were killed, 12 of them executed by the Israeli forces after the village had surrendered. The remaining villagers were expelled to Lebanon, living as refugees for some months before being allowed to return in 1949 as part of an agreement between the state of Israel and Archbishop Maximos V Hakim.\n\nIt was one of the few Arab villages to which most of the displaced were eventually able to return. The massacre is the subject of the documentary film The Sons of Eilaboun by Hisham Zreiq.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1372522221,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-01T02:42:52Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilabun_massacre","wikidata_qid":"Q2091313","wikidata_classes":["war crime","massacre"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q2915580","label":"Operation Hiram","id":"operation-hiram"},{"qid":"Q3266633","label":"Nakba","id":"nakba"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"safsaf-massacre","title":"Safsaf massacre","date_start":"1948-10-29"},{"id":"1948-palestinian-expulsion-and-flight","title":"1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight","date_start":"1948-01-01"}],"nearby":[{"id":"ma-alot-massacre","title":"Ma'alot massacre","date_start":"1974-05-15","km":22.5,"bearing":332},{"id":"avivim-school-bus-bombing","title":"Avivim school bus bombing","date_start":"1970-05-22","km":24.9,"bearing":5},{"id":"haifa-oil-refinery-massacre","title":"Haifa Oil Refinery massacre","date_start":"1947-12-30","km":33,"bearing":261},{"id":"balad-al-shaykh-massacre","title":"Balad al-Shaykh massacre","date_start":"1947-12-31","km":34.3,"bearing":258},{"id":"battle-of-haifa-1918","title":"Battle of Haifa (1918)","date_start":"1918-09-23","km":39.1,"bearing":267}],"same_time":[{"id":"al-dawayima-massacre","title":"Al-Dawayima massacre","date_start":"1948-10-29"},{"id":"hula-massacre","title":"Hula massacre","date_start":"1948-11-01"},{"id":"operation-yoav","title":"Operation Yoav","date_start":"1948-10-15"},{"id":"operation-horev","title":"Operation Horev","date_start":"1948-12-22"},{"id":"1949-israeli-constituent-assembly-election","title":"1949 Israeli Constituent Assembly election","date_start":"1949-01-25"}]}},"battle-of-dasman-palace":{"extract":"The Battle of Dasman Palace (Arabic: معركة قصر دسمان maʿraka Qaṣr Dasmān), also called the Battle of Dasman, took place between the Kuwaiti and Iraqi forces during the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait on 2 August 1990.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1370438365,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-21T03:22:20Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Dasman_Palace","wikidata_qid":"Q4870849","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q37643","label":"Gulf War","id":"gulf-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"1991-iraqi-missile-attacks-against-israel","title":"1991 Iraqi missile attacks against Israel","date_start":"1991-01-17"},{"id":"battle-of-khafji","title":"Battle of Khafji","date_start":"1991-01-29"},{"id":"amiriyah-shelter-bombing","title":"Amiriyah shelter bombing","date_start":"1991-02-13"},{"id":"battle-of-73-easting","title":"Battle of 73 Easting","date_start":"1991-02-26"},{"id":"battle-of-medina-ridge","title":"Battle of Medina Ridge","date_start":"1991-02-27"}],"nearby":[{"id":"2015-kuwait-mosque-bombing","title":"2015 Kuwait mosque bombing","date_start":"2015-06-26","km":2.3,"bearing":240}],"same_time":[{"id":"british-airways-flight-149","title":"British Airways Flight 149","date_start":"1990-08-02"}]}},"operation-marg-bar-sarmachar":{"extract":"On 16 January 2024, Iran carried out a series of missile and drone strikes within Pakistan's Balochistan province, claiming that it had targeted the Iranian Baloch Sunni militant group Jaysh al-Adl. According to Pakistan, the strikes resulted in the deaths of two children and injured four people.\n\nThe incident occurred one day after Iran carried out aerial and drone strikes within Iraq and Syria, claiming that it had targeted the regional headquarters of the Israeli intelligence agency Mossad within Iraqi semi-autonomous Kurdish region and several strongholds of terrorist groups, in Taltita, Syria, in response to the Kerman bombings on 3 January, for which the Islamic State took responsibility and December 2023 killing of IRGC general Seyed Razi Mousavi. The Pakistani government condemned the attack, stating that Iran had killed two Pakistani nationals and calling it an \"unprovoked violation\" of Pakistan's airspace.\n\nOn 18 January, Pakistan conducted retaliatory airstrikes in Iran's Sistan and Baluchestan province, claiming it had struck hideouts belonging to Baloch separatist insurgents engaged in conflict against Pakistan. The Iranian government stated nine foreign citizens, including three women and four children, were killed in the airstrikes.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1381170281,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-20T12:33:36Z","data_fixes":[{"ref":"F11","anchor":"f11---pins-that-were-another-items-location-owners-rule-an-event-is-pinned-only-at-its-own-location"}],"wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Iranian_missile_strikes_in_Pakistan","wikidata_qid":"Q124309366","wikidata_classes":["military operation"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":"2024 Iranian missile strikes in Pakistan","date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"2024-iranian-missile-strikes-in-iraq-and-syria","title":"2024 Iranian missile strikes in Iraq and Syria","date_start":"2024-01-15"},{"id":"us-uk-airstrikes-on-yemen","title":"US–UK airstrikes on Yemen","date_start":"2024-01-12"},{"id":"tower-22-drone-attack","title":"Tower 22 drone attack","date_start":"2024-01-28"},{"id":"killing-of-hind-rajab","title":"Killing of Hind Rajab","date_start":"2024-01-29"},{"id":"2024-kerman-bombings","title":"2024 Kerman bombings","date_start":"2024-01-03"}]}},"world-central-kitchen-aid-convoy-attack":{"extract":"The World Central Kitchen aid convoy attack occurred on 1 April 2024, when Israeli drones targeted a three-car convoy belonging to World Central Kitchen (WCK) in the Gaza Strip, killing seven aid workers. The workers had been overseeing the transfer of a shipment of food from a makeshift pier to a warehouse some distance away in the northern Gaza Strip, which has been pushed close to famine by Israel's invasion and blockade during the Gaza war. There were British, Australian, Polish, Palestinian, and dual American-Canadian nationals among the deceased workers.\n\nThe attack occurred the week after a unanimous International Court of Justice ruling in the ongoing Genocide Convention case that ordered Israel to ensure the unhindered flow of aid into Gaza. The Israeli military (IDF) acknowledged that their drone operators fired three missiles in five minutes at three of the WCK's cars, with some survivors of the first strike boarding the second car, which was minutes later hit by a second missile. Some survivors of the second strike boarded the third car, which was in turn struck by a third missile. All seven aid workers were killed, and their bodies were sent to Shuhada al-Aqsa Hospital.\n\nDespite the convoy's route having been coordinated in advance, the Israeli military claimed it had been targeting unauthorized gunmen but admitted its commanders had misidentified their location, failed to properly disseminate information about the convoy, and violated rules of engagement by striking all three cars in succession. Two officers were dismissed and three more reprimanded. WCK founder, Spanish chef José Andrés, accused Israel of deliberately attacking the convoy; the group argued that the military could not credibly investigate itself and called for an independent inquiry. While noting serious failings on the part of the IDF, an Australian Government report largely supported the Israeli position. The attack drew widespread international condemnation, including accusations that the attack was a war crime, and led WCK and other humanitarian organizations to pause their operations in Gaza. Statements made by the Israeli ambassador in Poland on the incident led to a diplomatic spat between the two countries.\n\nThe Israeli government announced on 19 August 2026 that they would not prosecute the perpetrators.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1376170203,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-22T14:17:13Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Central_Kitchen_aid_convoy_attack","wikidata_qid":"Q125273168","wikidata_classes":["drone warfare","war crime","massacre"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":true,"findings":[{"guideline":"SAID","guideline_name":"Synonyms for \"said\"","shortcut":"MOS:SAID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AManual_of_Style%2FWords_to_watch&oldid=1376702503#Synonyms_for_said","phrase":"claimed it had been targeting unauthorized gunmen but admitted","note":"The Israeli military \"claimed\" and \"admitted\", while WCK's founder \"accused\" and the group \"argued\"."}],"highlights":["claimed it had been targeting unauthorized gunmen but admitted"]},"highlights":[{"text":"claimed it had been targeting unauthorized gunmen but admitted","kind":"wording"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q122962941","label":"Gaza War","id":"2023-israel-hamas-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"april-2024-iranian-strikes-on-israel","title":"April 2024 Iranian strikes on Israel","date_start":"2024-04-13"},{"id":"flour-massacre","title":"Flour Massacre","date_start":"2024-02-29"},{"id":"tel-al-sultan-attack","title":"Tel al-Sultan attack","date_start":"2024-05-26"},{"id":"killing-of-hind-rajab","title":"Killing of Hind Rajab","date_start":"2024-01-29"},{"id":"nuseirat-rescue-and-massacre","title":"Nuseirat rescue and massacre","date_start":"2024-06-08"}],"nearby":[{"id":"kissufim-massacre","title":"Kissufim massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07","km":8.2,"bearing":125},{"id":"2025-nasser-hospital-strikes","title":"2025 Nasser Hospital strikes","date_start":"2025-08-25","km":8.4,"bearing":204},{"id":"khan-yunis-massacre","title":"Khan Yunis massacre","date_start":"1956-11-03","km":8.5,"bearing":197},{"id":"ein-hashlosha-massacre","title":"Ein HaShlosha massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07","km":10.2,"bearing":137},{"id":"nirim-attack","title":"Nirim attack","date_start":"2023-10-07","km":10.9,"bearing":145}],"same_time":[{"id":"israeli-airstrike-on-the-iranian-consulate-in-damascus","title":"Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus","date_start":"2024-04-01"},{"id":"2024-turkish-local-elections","title":"2024 Turkish local elections","date_start":"2024-03-31"},{"id":"april-2024-israeli-strikes-on-iran","title":"April 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran","date_start":"2024-04-19"},{"id":"operation-aspides","title":"Operation Aspides","date_start":"2024-02-19"},{"id":"tower-22-drone-attack","title":"Tower 22 drone attack","date_start":"2024-01-28"}]}},"operation-mersad":{"extract":"Operation Mersad (Persian: عملیات مرصاد, lit. 'Operation Ambush') was the Iranian counteroffensive against the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK)'s July 1988 incursion into western Iran, which the MEK code-named Operation Forough Javidan (عملیات فروغ جاویدان, 'Operation Eternal Light'). These operations were among the last major military actions of the Iran–Iraq War.\n\nIn July 1988, 7,000 MEK militants launched Operation Eternal Light, a major offensive from Iraqi territory that began on 26 July and aimed to capture key cities such as Kermanshah and ultimately topple the Iranian government. The ensuing Iranian counteroffensive, known as Operation Mersad and led by Lieutenant-General Ali Sayad Shirazi of the Iranian Armed Forces, defeated the MEK within a few days.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1373708910,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-07T13:45:06Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Mersad","wikidata_qid":"Q2059536","wikidata_classes":["military operation"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q82664","label":"Iran–Iraq War","id":"iran-iraq-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"operation-praying-mantis","title":"Operation Praying Mantis","date_start":"1988-04-18"},{"id":"operation-prime-chance","title":"Operation Prime Chance","date_start":"1987-08-01"},{"id":"operation-earnest-will","title":"Operation Earnest Will","date_start":"1987-07-24"},{"id":"siege-of-basra","title":"Siege of Basra","date_start":"1987-02-26"},{"id":"first-battle-of-al-faw","title":"First Battle of al-Faw","date_start":"1986-02-11"}],"same_time":[{"id":"iran-air-flight-655","title":"Iran Air Flight 655","date_start":"1988-07-03"},{"id":"1988-israeli-legislative-election","title":"1988 Israeli legislative election","date_start":"1988-11-01"},{"id":"second-battle-of-al-faw","title":"Second Battle of al-Faw","date_start":"1988-04-17"},{"id":"palestinian-declaration-of-independence","title":"Palestinian Declaration of Independence","date_start":"1988-11-15"},{"id":"halabja-massacre","title":"Halabja massacre","date_start":"1988-03-16"}]}},"2016-turkish-coup-d-etat-attempt":{"extract":"On the evening of 15 July 2016, an attempted military coup occurred in Turkey, orchestrated by a faction within the Turkish Armed Forces of 8,500 soldiers and military cadets, identifying themselves as the \"Peace at Home Council\". Armed troops attempted to seize control of several key locations in Ankara, Istanbul, and Marmaris but were defeated by a mix of loyalist soldiers and civilian protestors.\n\nThe Council cited an erosion of secularism, elimination of democratic rule, disregard for human rights, and Turkey's loss of credibility in the international arena as reasons for the coup. That same evening, Erdoğan stated that they had evidence the coup leaders were linked to the Gülen movement, and alleged that the United States was harboring Gülen. The Gülen movement had over 2,000 schools, hundreds of charities, and hospitals globally by 2015. Erdoğan had designated the movement as a terrorist organization in May 2016, citing the police investigation of the 2013 corruption scandal which he described as a \"judicial coup attempt\" allegedly carried out by police officers linked to the movement. The Gülen movement was led by Fethullah Gülen, a Turkish businessman and a well-known Islamic scholar who lived in exile in Pennsylvania. In response, Gülen called for an international commission to investigate the failed coup and said he would accept the findings if such a body found evidence of his guilt. In contrast, the Erdoğan government did not agree even to a proposal for a national parliamentary committee to investigate the events of 15 July.\n\nEvents surrounding the coup attempt and the purges in its aftermath reflect a complex power struggle between Islamist elites in Turkey.\n\nDuring the coup attempt, over 300 people were killed, and more than 2,100 were injured. Turkish government claimed that many government buildings, including the Turkish Parliament and the Presidential Palace, were bombed from the air, however independent journalists like Ahmet Nesin argued that the marks seen in the photos of the parliament building, such as burns, holes or damage to the surrounding structures do not match what would be expected from a missile or airstrike, therefore he finds such claims absurd.\n\nThe next morning Erdoğan called the coup attempt \"a gift from God\" and started his mass arrests and purges, with at least 40,000 detained in the first days, including at least 10,000 soldiers and 2,745 judges (who were arrested the next morning on 16 July), for being affiliated with the coup attempt. 15,000 education staff were also suspended and the licenses of 21,000 teachers working at private institutions were revoked after the government stated they were loyal to Gülen. More than 77,000 people were arrested and over 160,000 fired from their jobs, on reports of connections to Gülen. Since the 2016 coup attempt, approximately 3 million citizens have been tried and 527,000 detained on terrorism-related charges in Turkey. 15 universities and 35 hospitals, 1226 charities, more than 1000 schools were shut down due to alleged links to the movement on 23 July 2016, just 8 days after the coup attempt.\n\nThere were many reactions against the coup attempt, both domestically and internationally. The main opposition parties in Turkey condemned the attempt, while several international leaders—such as those of the United States, NATO, the European Union, and neighboring countries—called for \"respect of the democratic institutions in Turkey and its elected officials.\" Many international organizations also opposed the coup. The United Nations Security Council, however, did not denounce the coup after disagreements over the phrasing of a statement. Iran opposed the coup and advised Erdogan to defeat the coup plotters.\n\nIn March 2017, Germany's intelligence chief said Germany was unconvinced by Erdoğan's statement that Fethullah Gülen was behind the failed coup attempt. The same month, the British Parliament's Foreign Affairs Select Committee said some Gülenists were involved in the coup d'état attempt but found no hard evidence that Fethullah Gülen masterminded the failed coup and found no evidence to justify the United Kingdom designating the Gülen movement as a \"terrorist organization\".\n\nOn 18 July 2016, historian Michael Rubin compared the coup attempt to previous ones, highlighting several key differences and its overall absurdity. He later referred to the coup attempt as \"Turkey's Reichstag Fire\", suggesting that it had been staged by Erdoğan himself. Unlike previous coups, which typically occurred in the early morning hours between 3 and 4 a.m. while the population was asleep, this attempt took place at 9 p.m. Furthermore, there was no civilian resistance in prior coup attempts. This coup also stands out as no politicians were arrested, a stark contrast to previous events where hundreds were detained. The coup was announced by a female TV anchor, a stark contrast to past coups where military commanders publicly claimed responsibility on national television.\n\nA 2019 Nordic Monitor report claimed that early draft coup directives listed Chief of General Staff Hulusi Akar as \"President\" of the putschist Peace at Home Council, with his signature on orders to impose martial law. Later public versions omitted his name, but some analysts suggest this raises questions about his role during the coup.\n\nSince 2016, Turkey has become increasingly authoritarian under Erdogan regime, according to Reporters Without Borders as of 2025 90% of the media is controlled by the government and Turkey ranks 159th out of 180 countries in terms of freedom of press. Freedom House has lowered Turkey's Freedom Rating every year since the 2016 coup attempt, and since 2018 has classified it as \"Not Free\". Turkey's ranking in the World Justice Project Rule of law index declined between 2016 and 2025, falling from 80th place to 118th out of 143 countries. Turkey's incarceration rate has more than doubled since the coup attempt and as of 2026 it is the highest in Europe.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-10","wikipedia_revid":1378562104,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-05T00:58:27Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_d'%C3%A9tat_attempt","wikidata_qid":"Q25906338","wikidata_classes":["attempted coup d'état","coup d'état","rebellion"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":true,"note":"Gives extended space to the theory that the coup was staged (a \"Reichstag Fire\", its \"overall absurdity\") and uses \"Erdogan regime\" as fact. The government's case appears mainly as Erdoğan's allegation.","highlights":["Reichstag Fire","overall absurdity","Erdogan regime"]},"wording":{"found":true,"findings":[{"guideline":"NPOV","guideline_name":"Avoid stating opinions as facts","shortcut":"WP:YESPOV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3ANeutral_point_of_view&oldid=1370393267#Explanation","phrase":"Unlike previous coups, which typically occurred in the early morning hours","note":"The arguments that the coup was staged are introduced as Michael Rubin's, then listed in Wikipedia's own voice."},{"guideline":"SAID","guideline_name":"Synonyms for \"said\"","shortcut":"MOS:SAID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AManual_of_Style%2FWords_to_watch&oldid=1376702503#Synonyms_for_said","phrase":"Turkish government claimed that many government buildings","note":"The Turkish government \"claimed\" the bombing of government buildings, while the journalist who disputes it \"argued\"."},{"guideline":"EDITORIAL","guideline_name":"Editorializing","shortcut":"MOS:EDITORIAL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AManual_of_Style%2FWords_to_watch&oldid=1376702503#Editorializing","phrase":"In contrast, the Erdoğan government did not agree even to a proposal","note":"\"In contrast\" and \"even\" set the government's refusal against Gülen's offer of an inquiry in Wikipedia's own voice."}],"highlights":["Unlike previous coups, which typically occurred in the early morning hours","Turkish government claimed that many government buildings","In contrast, the Erdoğan government did not agree even to a proposal"]},"highlights":[{"text":"Reichstag Fire","kind":"fairness"},{"text":"overall absurdity","kind":"fairness"},{"text":"Erdogan regime","kind":"fairness"},{"text":"Unlike previous coups, which typically occurred in the early morning hours","kind":"wording"},{"text":"Turkish government claimed that many government buildings","kind":"wording"},{"text":"In contrast, the Erdoğan government did not agree even to a proposal","kind":"wording"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q20202400","label":"Turkish government – Gülen Movement conflict"}],"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"2016-saudi-arabia-bombings","title":"2016 Saudi Arabia bombings","date_start":"2016-07-04"},{"id":"2016-karrada-bombing","title":"2016 Karrada bombing","date_start":"2016-07-03"},{"id":"2016-ataturk-airport-attack","title":"2016 Atatürk Airport attack","date_start":"2016-06-28"},{"id":"august-2016-gaziantep-bombing","title":"August 2016 Gaziantep bombing","date_start":"2016-08-20"},{"id":"june-2016-tel-aviv-shooting","title":"June 2016 Tel Aviv shooting","date_start":"2016-06-08"}]}},"southern-syria-clashes-july-september-2025":{"extract":"On 13 July 2025, fighting began between Druze and Bedouin armed groups in the city of Suwayda and its surrounding villages in southern Syria. The Syrian transitional government deployed the Armed Forces to the area to restore order between 14 and 16 July. A ceasefire agreement was reached between Druze leaders and the government on 15 July, but one of the Druze leaders, Hikmat al-Hijri, called for armed resistance against the government and Bedouin groups. The other two Druze leaders, Hammoud al-Hinnawi and Youssef Jarbou, initially cooperated with government calls for a ceasefire, but later issued statements expressing opposition to the government. Extrajudicial killings and abuse of both Druze and Bedouin civilians were reported as a result of the clashes. Due to the hundreds of Druze civilians killed, the initial phase of the violence is commemorated among the Druze people of Suwayda as Black July.\n\nIsrael launched airstrikes targeting Syrian government forces and Bedouin fighters with the stated goal of defending the Druze. Israel had recently invaded deeper into southwestern Syria and had been demanding the Syrian military stay out of the region. Syria's foreign ministry accused Israel of inflaming sectarian tensions to undermine the new Syrian government. Another ceasefire agreement was reached on 16 July, and the Syrian Armed Forces sided with the Bedouins before withdrawing from Suwayda. Following the withdrawal, Druze groups reportedly committed massacres against local Bedouin tribes, leading to a mass exodus to the neighboring Daraa Governorate. Up to 50,000 Bedouins from 41 tribes reportedly mobilized to Suwayda in response to the reports. Rumours of another Bedouin attack on Suwayda prompted a mass exodus of Druze residents on 17 July. Reports of abuse of Druze civilians have since resumed. Various Druze from Israel stated that they would participate in the fighting if attacks continued. Government forces re-entered Suwayda on 19 July in response to growing violence between the two groups. The clashes are an escalation of the Druze insurgency in Southern Syria, which is considered a part of the aftermath of the Syrian civil war.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1371920290,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-29T09:53:11Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Syria_clashes_(July%E2%80%93September_2025)","wikidata_qid":"Q135319143","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q136243381","label":"Druze insurgency in Southern Syria"},{"qid":"Q131405504","label":"Israeli invasion of Syria","id":"israeli-invasion-of-syria-2024-present"}],"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"2025-iranian-strikes-on-al-udeid-air-base","title":"2025 Iranian strikes on Al Udeid Air Base","date_start":"2025-06-23"},{"id":"2025-united-states-strikes-on-iranian-nuclear-sites","title":"2025 United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites","date_start":"2025-06-22"},{"id":"mar-elias-church-attack","title":"Mar Elias Church attack","date_start":"2025-06-22"},{"id":"twelve-day-war","title":"Twelve-Day War","date_start":"2025-06-13"},{"id":"2025-nasser-hospital-strikes","title":"2025 Nasser Hospital strikes","date_start":"2025-08-25"}]}},"2026-iran-war":{"extract":"Since 28 February 2026, the United States and Israel have been at war with Iran and its regional allies. The war follows the Twelve-Day War in June 2025 and sporadic fighting during the Middle Eastern crisis sparked by the Gaza war (2023–present). Amid ongoing US–Iran negotiations regarding Iran's nuclear program, the war began when the US and Israel conducted hundreds of air strikes on targets across Iran, including strikes that assassinated Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei alongside several other Iranian officials.\n\nAmerican rationale for initiating the war included regime change, preventing Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon, a response to the massacre of several if not tens of thousands of anti-government protesters in Iran, and taking Iran's oil and gas resources. Critics have rejected these justifications, stating that the attack initiated a war of aggression, in violation of international law. Later US war goals focused on nuclear negotiations and reopening the Strait of Hormuz. Public opinion was opposed to the war in the United States and in many other countries, leading to widespread disapproval for Donald Trump and declining views of the US and Israel around the world.\n\nThe war was preceded in January–February 2026 by the largest US military buildup in the region since the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Following a decentralized strategy, Iranian units responded with a series of missile and drone attacks against Israel and US military bases in the Middle East, attacked US allies in the Middle East, as well as blocked the Strait of Hormuz and subsequently claimed sovereignty over it in late March. Following the strikes on their territory, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Bahrain also attacked Iran and skirmished with its Iraqi non-state allies. Two days after Khamenei's assassination, fighting resumed between Hezbollah and Israel. Israel began occupying southern Lebanon in March. An escalation of the Yemeni civil war by the Iran-backed Houthi forces in September started the Strait of Bab al-Mandab crisis. The war has resulted in thousands of civilian and military casualties. The economic impact of the war included the largest supply disruption of the global oil market, disruptions of the natural gas, fertilizer, aviation, and tourism industries, and volatility in financial markets. As of September 2026, the US Department of Defense estimated that the war had so far cost $43.6 billion.\n\nThe secretary-general of the United Nations and several countries condemned the US–Israeli strikes, while the United Nations Security Council passed a resolution condemning Iran's retaliatory strikes on Gulf states. A two-week ceasefire beginning on 8 April came under strain after Iran responded to Israeli attacks on Lebanon by resuming its blockade. After the failure of the Islamabad Talks on 12–13 April, the US imposed its own naval blockade. A memorandum to end the war was signed on 17 June by the presidents of the US and Iran, lifting the dual blockade. Tensions again escalated, but on 28 June, the US and Iran agreed to cease their exchange of attacks. On 8 July, the ceasefire deal between the US and Iran collapsed after Iran initiated attacks on commercial vessels in the Strait of Hormuz, which interrupted a brief diplomatic lull.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-10","wikipedia_revid":1379608103,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-10T23:31:52Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Iran_war","wikidata_qid":"Q138503695","wikidata_classes":["military operation","air offensive","warfare and armed conflicts","crime of aggression"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"year","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":true,"note":"Lists \"taking Iran's oil and gas resources\" among the US reasons without saying who claims this.","highlights":["taking Iran's oil and gas resources"]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[{"text":"taking Iran's oil and gas resources","kind":"fairness"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q124373310","label":"Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)","id":"middle-eastern-crisis-2023-present"},{"qid":"Q138772633","label":"Iran–Israel conflict"}],"includes":[{"id":"2026-minab-school-attack","title":"2026 Minab school attack","date_start":"2026-02-28"},{"id":"assassination-of-ali-khamenei","title":"Assassination of Ali Khamenei","date_start":"2026-02-28"},{"id":"united-arab-emirates-in-the-2026-iran-war","title":"United Arab Emirates in the 2026 Iran war","date_start":"2026-02-28"},{"id":"2026-lebanon-war","title":"2026 Lebanon war","date_start":"2026-03-02"},{"id":"sinking-of-iris-dena","title":"Sinking of IRIS Dena","date_start":"2026-03-04"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"prelude-to-the-2026-iran-war","title":"Prelude to the 2026 Iran war","date_start":"2026-01-13"},{"id":"israeli-attack-on-doha","title":"Israeli attack on Doha","date_start":"2025-09-09"},{"id":"august-2025-israeli-attack-on-sanaa","title":"August 2025 Israeli attack on Sanaa","date_start":"2025-08-28"},{"id":"twelve-day-war","title":"Twelve-Day War","date_start":"2025-06-13"},{"id":"march-may-2025-united-states-attacks-in-yemen","title":"March–May 2025 United States attacks in Yemen","date_start":"2025-03-15"}]}},"1999-iranian-student-protests":{"extract":"The Iranian student protests of July 1999 (also known as 18th of Tir and Kuye Daneshgah Disaster (Persian: فاجعهٔ کوی دانشگاه) in Iran) (7–13 July) were student protests which were violently repressed by the Basij and Ansar-e Hezbollah. Before the 2009 Iranian election protests, they were the most widespread and violent public protests to occur in Iran since the early years of the Iranian Revolution.\n\nThe protests began on 8 July with peaceful demonstrations in Tehran against the closure of the reformist newspaper Salam. Following the demonstrations, a student dormitory was raided by riot police that night during which a student was killed. The raid sparked six days of demonstrations and rioting throughout the country, during which at least three other people were killed and more than 200 injured.\n\nIn the aftermath of these incidents, more than seventy students disappeared. In addition to an estimated 1,200–1,400 detainees, the \"whereabouts and condition\" of five students named by Human Rights Watch who are believed to be detained by Iranian authorities remain unknown.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1379061442,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-07T18:15:10Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Iranian_student_protests","wikidata_qid":"Q523141","wikidata_classes":["student protest","protest"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"1999-israeli-general-election","title":"1999 Israeli general election","date_start":"1999-05-17"},{"id":"indian-airlines-flight-814","title":"Indian Airlines Flight 814","date_start":"1999-12-24"}]}},"2019-2021-iraqi-protests":{"extract":"A series of demonstrations, marches, sit-ins and civil disobedience took place in Iraq from 2019 until 2021. It started on 1 October 2019, a date which was set by civil activists on social media, spreading mainly over the central and southern provinces of Iraq, to protest corruption, high unemployment, political sectarianism, inefficient public services and foreign interventionism. Protests spread quickly, coordinated over social media, to other provinces in Iraq. As the intensity of the demonstrations peaked in late October, protesters' anger focused not only on the desire for a complete overhaul of the Iraqi government but also on driving out Iranian influence, including Iranian-aligned Shia militias. The government, with the help of Iranian-backed militias responded brutally using live bullets, marksmen, hot water, hot pepper gas and tear gas against protesters, leading to many deaths and injuries.\n\nThe protesters called for the end of the muhasasa system, existing since the first post-Saddam sovereign Iraqi government in 2006, in which government positions are being parceled out to the (presumed) ethnic or sectarian communities in Iraq like Shia, Sunni and Kurds, based on their presumed size, purportedly leading to incompetent and corrupt politics. The protests, which were the largest of their kind in Iraq since the 2003 American invasion, became known within Iraq as the October Revolution (Arabic: ثورة تشرين, romanized: Thawrat Tishrīn), and gave rise to the October Protest Movement. Some called it the Tuk-Tuk Revolution, because protesters resisted in tuk-tuks.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1381685620,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-24T03:34:28Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%932021_Iraqi_protests","wikidata_qid":"Q72367808","wikidata_classes":["protest"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":true,"findings":[{"guideline":"DOUBT","guideline_name":"Expressions of doubt","shortcut":"MOS:DOUBT","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AManual_of_Style%2FWords_to_watch&oldid=1376702503#Expressions_of_doubt","phrase":"purportedly leading to incompetent and corrupt politics","note":"\"Purportedly\" casts doubt on the protesters' account of the muhasasa system without saying who doubts it."}],"highlights":["purportedly leading to incompetent and corrupt politics"]},"highlights":[{"text":"purportedly leading to incompetent and corrupt politics","kind":"wording"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q65084224","label":"Second Arab Spring"},{"qid":"Q47015896","label":"Iraqi conflict","id":"iraqi-conflict"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"17-october-revolution","title":"17 October Revolution","date_start":"2019-10-17"},{"id":"iraqi-insurgency-2017-present","title":"Iraqi insurgency (2017–present)","date_start":"2017-12-09"},{"id":"2021-2022-iraqi-political-crisis","title":"2021–2022 Iraqi political crisis","date_start":"2021-11-05"},{"id":"iraq-war","title":"Iraq War","date_start":"2003-03-20"}],"same_time":[{"id":"september-2019-israeli-legislative-election","title":"September 2019 Israeli legislative election","date_start":"2019-09-17"},{"id":"abqaiq-khurais-attack","title":"Abqaiq–Khurais attack","date_start":"2019-09-14"},{"id":"2019-2020-iranian-protests","title":"2019–2020 Iranian protests","date_start":"2019-11-15"},{"id":"northwestern-syria-offensive-2019-2020","title":"Northwestern Syria offensive (2019–2020)","date_start":"2019-12-19"},{"id":"attack-on-the-united-states-embassy-in-baghdad","title":"Attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad","date_start":"2019-12-31"}]}},"prelude-to-the-2026-iran-war":{"extract":"Tension between Iran and the United States during negotiations over Iran's nuclear program intensified in January 2026 when Iranian security forces massacred anti-government protesters.\n\nThe US began its greatest buildup of military assets in the region since the Iraq War in 2003. The US accused Iran of building up its nuclear and missile programs to threaten the United States and its allies. Iran accused the US of disinformation. Gulf states like Qatar predicted that escalations could severely harm the region. Negotiations regarding the Iranian nuclear program were held in February until the US and Israel commenced military strikes in Iran on 28 February 2026.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1376734717,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-25T23:29:01Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prelude_to_the_2026_Iran_war","wikidata_qid":"Q138300045","wikidata_classes":["international crisis","historical period","political crisis"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q124373310","label":"Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)","id":"middle-eastern-crisis-2023-present"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"2026-iran-war","title":"2026 Iran war","date_start":"2026-01-01"},{"id":"israeli-attack-on-doha","title":"Israeli attack on Doha","date_start":"2025-09-09"},{"id":"august-2025-israeli-attack-on-sanaa","title":"August 2025 Israeli attack on Sanaa","date_start":"2025-08-28"},{"id":"twelve-day-war","title":"Twelve-Day War","date_start":"2025-06-13"},{"id":"march-may-2025-united-states-attacks-in-yemen","title":"March–May 2025 United States attacks in Yemen","date_start":"2025-03-15"}],"same_time":[{"id":"2026-northeastern-syria-offensive","title":"2026 northeastern Syria offensive","date_start":"2026-01-13"},{"id":"fall-of-aden-2026","title":"Fall of Aden (2026)","date_start":"2026-01-07"},{"id":"2025-2026-iran-massacres","title":"2025–2026 Iran massacres","date_start":"2025-12-30"},{"id":"2025-2026-southern-yemen-campaign","title":"2025–2026 southern Yemen campaign","date_start":"2025-12-02"},{"id":"2026-minab-school-attack","title":"2026 Minab school attack","date_start":"2026-02-28"}]}}}