{"six-day-war":{"extract":"The Six-Day War, or the 1967 Arab–Israeli war (5–10 June 1967), was fought between Israel and a coalition of Arab states, primarily Egypt, Syria, and Jordan, in the context of the Arab–Israeli conflict. In the war, Israel captured and occupied the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) from Jordan, the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, and the Golan Heights from Syria.\n\nMilitary hostilities broke out amid poor relations between Israel and its Arab neighbors, who had been observing the 1949 Armistice Agreements signed at the end of the First Arab–Israeli War. In 1956, regional tensions over the Straits of Tiran (giving access to Eilat, a port on Israel's southeastern tip) escalated in what became known as the Suez Crisis, when Israel, along with Britain and France, invaded Egypt over the Egyptian closure of maritime passageways to Israeli shipping, ultimately resulting in the reopening of the Straits of Tiran to Israel and the deployment of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) along the Egypt–Israel border.\n\nIn the months before June 1967, tensions again became dangerously heightened: Israel reiterated its post-1956 position that another Egyptian closure of the Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping would be a definite casus belli. In May, Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser announced that the Straits of Tiran would again be closed to Israeli vessels. He mobilized the Egyptian military into defensive lines along the border with Israel and ordered the immediate withdrawal of all UNEF personnel.\n\nThe war began on 5 June 1967 with Operation Focus, an Israeli surprise attack consisting of a series of airstrikes against Egyptian airfields and other facilities as the UNEF was leaving the zone. Israel caught Egyptian forces by surprise and destroyed nearly all of Egypt's air force, giving Israel air supremacy. Simultaneously, the Israeli military launched a ground offensive into Egypt's Sinai Peninsula and the Egyptian-occupied Gaza Strip. After some initial resistance, Nasser ordered an evacuation of the Sinai Peninsula; by the fourth day of the conflict, Israel had occupied the entire Sinai Peninsula. Jordan, which had entered into a defense pact with Egypt a week before the war began, did not take on an all-out offensive role against Israel, but launched attacks against Israeli forces to slow their advance. On the fifth day, Syria joined the war by shelling Israeli positions in the north.\n\nEgypt and Jordan agreed to a ceasefire on 8 June, and Syria on 9 June, and it was signed with Israel on 11 June. The Six-Day War resulted in more than 15,000 Arab fatalities; Israel suffered fewer than 1,000. Alongside the combatant casualties were the deaths of 20 Israeli civilians killed in Arab forces air strikes on Jerusalem, 15 UN peacekeepers killed by Israeli strikes in the Sinai at the outset of the war, and 34 US personnel killed in the USS Liberty incident, in which Israeli air and naval forces mistakenly assaulted a United States Navy spy ship.\n\nWhen hostilities ceased, Israel had occupied the Golan Heights from Syria, the West Bank including East Jerusalem from Jordan, and the Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip from Egypt. The displacement of civilian populations as a result of the Six-Day War had long-term consequences, as around 280,000 to 325,000 Palestinians and 100,000 Syrians fled or were expelled from the West Bank and the Golan Heights, respectively. Nasser resigned in shame after Israel's victory, but was reinstated after a series of protests across Egypt. In the aftermath of the conflict, Egypt closed the Suez Canal from 1967 to 1975.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1375500255,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-18T04:09:39Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-Day_War","wikidata_qid":"Q49077","wikidata_classes":["war","armed conflict"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"country-fallback:Israel/Palestine","text_from_article":null,"hand_picked":true,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q8669","label":"Arab–Israeli conflict","id":"arab-israeli-conflict"}],"includes":[{"id":"operation-focus","title":"Operation Focus","date_start":"1967-06-05"},{"id":"battle-of-ammunition-hill","title":"Battle of Ammunition Hill","date_start":"1967-06-06"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"war-of-attrition","title":"War of Attrition","date_start":"1967-07-01"},{"id":"black-september-in-jordan","title":"Black September","date_start":"1970-09-06"},{"id":"sabena-flight-571","title":"Sabena Flight 571","date_start":"1972-05-08"},{"id":"lebanese-civil-war","title":"Lebanese Civil War","date_start":"1975-04-13"},{"id":"suez-crisis","title":"Suez Crisis","date_start":"1956-10-29"}],"same_time":[{"id":"israeli-occupation-of-the-west-bank","title":"Israeli occupation of the West Bank","date_start":"1967-06-05"}]}},"battle-of-haifa-1918":{"extract":"The Battle of Haifa was fought on 23 September 1918 towards the end of the Battle of Sharon which together with the Battle of Nablus formed the set piece Battle of Megiddo fought between 19 and 25 September during the last months of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War. During the Battle of Haifa, the Indian 15th (Imperial Service) Cavalry Brigade, 5th Cavalry Division and part of the Desert Mounted Corps attacked rearguard forces of the Ottoman Empire, resulting in the capture of the towns of Haifa and Acre. This attack took place at the north western edge of the Esdraelon Plain (also known as the Jezreel Valley and the plain of Armageddon), 40–50 miles (64–80 km) from Sharon.\n\nThe Battle of Megiddo had begun with an attack by British Empire infantry along an almost continuous line from the Mediterranean Sea across the Plain of Sharon into the foothills of the Judean Hills. They attacked the Ottoman front line and captured the headquarters of the Ottoman Eighth Army at Tulkarm, the trenches at Tabsor and pivoted at Arara. The Eighth Army was outflanked on the coast and British Empire cavalry moved north through the gap created. The Desert Mounted Corps almost encircled the infantry in the Judean Hills capturing their main lines of supply, communications and retreat. By 25 September, one Ottoman army had been destroyed, and what remained of two others, were in retreat northwards to Damascus.\n\nThe 5th Cavalry Division was assigned the task of capturing Haifa and Acre after several earlier attempts were stopped by strong rearguard positions. A squadron from the Mysore Lancers, and a squadron from the Sherwood Rangers Yeomanry, 15th (Imperial Service) Cavalry Brigade formed the initial attack on an Austrian artillery battery before moving forward with the Jodhpur Lancers and a light car patrol, to attack the main German rearguard position and capture the town. This day of 23 September every year is celebrated as Haifa Day.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1372656761,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-01T17:32:41Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Haifa_(1918)","wikidata_qid":"Q4871176","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":true,"note":"Says the day \"is celebrated as Haifa Day\" without saying by whom (it is an Indian Army commemoration).","highlights":["is celebrated as Haifa Day"]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[{"text":"is celebrated as Haifa Day","kind":"fairness"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q1765465","label":"Middle Eastern theater of World War I","id":"middle-eastern-theatre-of-world-war-i"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"third-battle-of-gaza","title":"Third Battle of Gaza","date_start":"1917-11-01"},{"id":"second-battle-of-gaza","title":"Second Battle of Gaza","date_start":"1917-04-17"},{"id":"stalemate-in-southern-palestine","title":"Stalemate in Southern Palestine","date_start":"1917-04-01"},{"id":"first-battle-of-gaza","title":"First Battle of Gaza","date_start":"1917-03-26"},{"id":"battle-of-romani","title":"Battle of Romani","date_start":"1916-08-03"}],"nearby":[{"id":"battle-of-haifa-1948","title":"Battle of Haifa (1948)","date_start":"1948-04-21","km":0.8,"bearing":260},{"id":"maxim-restaurant-suicide-bombing","title":"Maxim restaurant suicide bombing","date_start":"2003-10-04","km":2.6,"bearing":261},{"id":"haifa-oil-refinery-massacre","title":"Haifa Oil Refinery massacre","date_start":"1947-12-30","km":6.9,"bearing":112},{"id":"balad-al-shaykh-massacre","title":"Balad al-Shaykh massacre","date_start":"1947-12-31","km":7.4,"bearing":131},{"id":"ma-alot-massacre","title":"Ma'alot massacre","date_start":"1974-05-15","km":35.9,"bearing":52}],"same_time":[{"id":"capture-of-damascus-1918","title":"Capture of Damascus (1918)","date_start":"1918-09-26"},{"id":"armistice-of-mudros","title":"Armistice of Mudros","date_start":"1918-10-30"},{"id":"occupation-of-constantinople","title":"Occupation of Constantinople","date_start":"1918-11-13"}]}},"operation-compass":{"extract":"Operation Compass (also Italian: Battaglia della Marmarica) was the first large British military operation of the Western Desert Campaign (1940–1943) during the Second World War. British metropolitan, Imperial and Commonwealth forces attacked the Italian and Libyan forces of the 10th Army (Marshal Rodolfo Graziani) in western Egypt and Cyrenaica, the eastern province of Libya, from December 1940 to February 1941.\n\nThe Western Desert Force (WDF) (Lieutenant-General Richard O'Connor) with about 36,000 men, advanced from Mersa Matruh in Egypt on a five-day raid against the Italian positions of the 10th Army, which had about 150,000 troops in fortified posts around Sidi Barrani in Egypt and in Cyrenaica to the west. The WDF swiftly defeated the Italians in their fortified posts and at Sidi Barrani, forced the rest of the 10th Army out of Egypt and captured the ports along the Cyrenaican coast in Libya. The 10th Army was cut off as it retreated towards Tripolitania at the Battle of Beda Fomm, the remnants being pursued to El Agheila on the Gulf of Sirte.\n\nThe British took over 138,000 Italian and Libyan prisoners, hundreds of tanks, more than a thousand guns and many aircraft. The WDF suffered casualties of 1,900 men killed and wounded, about 10 per cent of the infantry. The WDF was unable to continue beyond El Agheila, due to worn-out vehicles and the diversion in March 1941 of the best-equipped units to conduct Operation Lustre for the Battle of Greece. The Italians rushed reinforcements to Libya to defend Tripoli, assisted by the Deutsches Afrikakorps and the Luftwaffe.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1370631524,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-22T05:05:42Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Compass","wikidata_qid":"Q696018","wikidata_classes":["military operation"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q218678","label":"North African campaign"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"western-desert-campaign","title":"Western Desert campaign","date_start":"1940-06-11"},{"id":"operation-crusader","title":"Operation Crusader","date_start":"1941-11-18"}],"same_time":[{"id":"bombing-of-bahrain-in-world-war-ii","title":"Bombing of Bahrain in World War II","date_start":"1940-10-19"},{"id":"italian-invasion-of-egypt","title":"Italian invasion of Egypt","date_start":"1940-09-09"},{"id":"anglo-iraqi-war","title":"Anglo-Iraqi War","date_start":"1941-05-02"},{"id":"operation-brevity","title":"Operation Brevity","date_start":"1941-05-16"},{"id":"operation-skorpion","title":"Operation Skorpion","date_start":"1941-05-27"}]}},"battle-of-baghdad-2003":{"extract":"The Battle of Baghdad (Arabic: مَعْرَكَةُ بَغْدَاد, romanized: Maʿrakatu baghdād), also known as the Fall of Baghdad (Arabic: سُقُوطُ بَغْدَاد, romanized: suqūṭu baghdād), was a military engagement that took place in Baghdad in early April 2003, as part of the invasion of Iraq.\n\nThree weeks into the invasion of Iraq, Coalition Forces Land Component Command elements, led by the U.S. Army 3rd Infantry Division, captured Baghdad. Over 2,000 Iraqi soldiers as well as 34 coalition troops were killed in the battle.\n\nAfter the fall of Baghdad, Coalition forces entered the city of Kirkuk on April 10 and Tikrit on April 15, 2003. The United States officially declared victory against the Iraqi regime of Saddam Hussein on April 15, and President George W. Bush gave his Mission Accomplished speech on May 1.\n\nBaghdad suffered serious damage to its civilian infrastructure, economy, and cultural inheritance from the battle and following unrest, including looting and arson.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1375412992,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-17T16:43:47Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Baghdad_(2003)","wikidata_qid":"Q1804983","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"year","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q545449","label":"Iraq War","id":"iraq-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"iraqi-insurgency-2003-2011","title":"Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)","date_start":"2003-01-01"},{"id":"anbar-campaign-2003-2011","title":"Anbar campaign (2003–2011)","date_start":"2003-03-20"},{"id":"invasion-of-iraq","title":"2003 invasion of Iraq","date_start":"2003-03-20"},{"id":"capture-of-saddam-hussein","title":"Capture of Saddam Hussein","date_start":"2003-12-13"},{"id":"battle-of-najaf-2004","title":"Battle of Najaf (2004)","date_start":"2004-01-01"}],"nearby":[{"id":"2010-baghdad-church-siege","title":"2010 Baghdad church siege","date_start":"2010-10-31","km":1,"bearing":152},{"id":"january-2021-baghdad-bombings","title":"January 2021 Baghdad bombings","date_start":"2021-01-21","km":2,"bearing":337},{"id":"2016-karrada-bombing","title":"2016 Karrada bombing","date_start":"2016-07-03","km":2,"bearing":181},{"id":"attack-on-the-united-states-embassy-in-baghdad","title":"Attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad","date_start":"2019-12-31","km":2.9,"bearing":233},{"id":"december-2019-united-states-airstrikes-in-iraq-and-syria","title":"December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria","date_start":"2019-01-01","km":2.9,"bearing":233}]}},"treaty-of-ankara-1921":{"extract":"The Ankara Agreement (1921) (or the Accord of Ankara; Franklin-Bouillon Agreement; Franco-Turkish Agreement of Ankara, Turkish: Ankara Antlaşması, French: Traité d'Ankara) was signed on 20 October 1921 at Ankara (also known as Angora) between France and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, ending the Franco-Turkish War.\n\nThe signatories were French diplomat Henry Franklin-Bouillon and Turkish foreign minister Yusuf Kemal Bey. Based on the terms of the agreement, the French acknowledged the end of the Franco-Turkish War and ceded large areas to Turkey. However other French units in Turkey were not affected, in return for economic concessions from Turkey. In return, the Turkish government acknowledged French imperial sovereignty over the French Mandate of Syria. The treaty was registered in League of Nations Treaty Series on 30 August 1926.\n\nThis treaty changed the Syria–Turkey border set by the 1920 Treaty of Sèvres to the benefit of Turkey, ceding it large areas of the Aleppo and Adana vilayets. From west to east, the cities and districts of Adana, Osmaniye, Marash, Aintab, Kilis, Urfa, Mardin, Nusaybin, and Jazirat ibn Umar (Cizre) were consequently ceded to Turkey. The border was to run from the Mediterranean Sea immediately south of Payas to Meidan Ekbis (which would remain in Syria), then bend towards the south-east, running between Marsova (Mersawa) in the Sharran district of Syria and Karnaba and Kilis in Turkey, to join the Baghdad Railway at Al-Rai From there it would follow the railway track to Nusaybin, with the border being on the Syrian side of the track, leaving the track in Turkish territory. From Nusaybin it would follow the old road to Jazirat ibn Umar, with the road being in Turkish territory, although both countries could use it.\n\nThe sanjak of Alexandretta in Syria was given a special administrative status, with official recognition of the Turkish language and provision for the cultural development of the Turkish inhabitants, who were the largest single ethnoreligious group. According to Article 9 of the treaty the Tomb of Suleyman Shah (the burial place of Suleyman Shah, the grandfather of Osman I, the founder of the Ottoman Empire) in Syria \"shall remain, with its appurtenances, the property of Turkey, who may appoint guardians for it and may hoist the Turkish flag there\".\n\nThis annulment of French claims over Turkish land was later officially recognized in the Armistice of Mudanya. The new border was recognized in the subsequent Treaty of Lausanne in 1923.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1348367110,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-04-12T07:27:11Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Ankara_(1921)","wikidata_qid":"Q2358950","wikidata_classes":["peace treaty","treaty"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"battle-of-the-sakarya","title":"Battle of the Sakarya","date_start":"1921-08-23"},{"id":"unilateral-declaration-of-egyptian-independence","title":"Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence","date_start":"1922-02-28"},{"id":"jaffa-riots-may-1921","title":"Jaffa riots (May 1921)","date_start":"1921-05-01"}]}},"uqair-protocol-of-1922":{"extract":"The Uqair Protocol or Uqair Convention was an agreement at Uqair on 2 December 1922 that defined the boundaries between Mandatory Iraq, the Sultanate of Nejd and Sheikhdom of Kuwait. It was made by Percy Cox, the British High Commissioner to Iraq, in response to Ikhwan raiders from Nejd under Ibn Saud attacking Kuwait. Cox met ibn Saud and Major John More, the British Political Agent to Kuwait. The boundaries included a Saudi–Iraqi neutral zone and a Saudi–Kuwaiti neutral zone.\n\nKuwait was not permitted any role in the outcome of the Uqair agreement when the Saudis and British decided Kuwait's modern boundaries. Kuwait lost more than two thirds of its territory as a result of the agreement, as well as its second largest town, the port of Manifa. The loss of territory made anti-British sentiment grow in Kuwait.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1380521450,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-16T06:24:54Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uqair_Protocol_of_1922","wikidata_qid":"Q94635","wikidata_classes":["treaty"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"armistice-of-mudanya","title":"Armistice of Mudanya","date_start":"1922-10-11"},{"id":"turkish-capture-of-smyrna","title":"Turkish capture of Smyrna","date_start":"1922-09-09"},{"id":"battle-of-dumlup-nar","title":"Battle of Dumlupınar","date_start":"1922-08-26"}]}},"battle-of-norfolk":{"extract":"The Battle of Norfolk was a tank battle fought on February 27, 1991, during the Persian Gulf War, between armored forces of the United States and United Kingdom, and those of the Iraqi Republican Guard in the Muthanna Province of southern Iraq. The primary participants were the U.S. 2nd Armored Division (Forward), 1st Infantry Division (Mechanized), and the Iraqi 18th Mechanized and 9th Armoured Brigades of the Republican Guard Tawakalna Mechanized Infantry Division along with elements from eleven other Iraqi divisions.\n\nThe 2nd Armored Division (Forward) was assigned to the American 1st Infantry Division as its 3rd maneuver brigade because one of its brigades was not deployed. The 2nd Armored Division (Forward)'s Task Force 1-41 Infantry was the spearhead of VII Corps. The British 1st Armoured division was responsible for protecting the right flank of VII Corps, their main adversary being the Iraqi 52nd Armored Division and multiple infantry divisions. It was the final battle of the war before the unilateral ceasefire took effect.\n\nThe Battle of Norfolk has been recognized as the second largest tank battle in American history and the largest tank battle of the 1st Gulf War. 13 divisions participated in the Battle of Norfolk along with multiple heavy armored brigades and elements of a regiment. American and British forces destroyed approximately 850 Iraqi tanks and hundreds of other types of combat vehicles. Two additional Republican Guard divisions were destroyed at Objective Dorset by the U.S. 3rd Armored Division on 28 February 1991. During this battle the U.S. 3rd Armored Division destroyed an additional 300 enemy vehicles and captured 2,500 Iraqi soldiers.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-10","wikipedia_revid":1380513215,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-16T05:04:44Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Norfolk","wikidata_qid":"Q3636553","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":true,"note":"Superlatives from the US side; Iraqi losses appear only as counts.","highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q37643","label":"Gulf War","id":"gulf-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"battle-of-medina-ridge","title":"Battle of Medina Ridge","date_start":"1991-02-27"},{"id":"battle-of-73-easting","title":"Battle of 73 Easting","date_start":"1991-02-26"},{"id":"amiriyah-shelter-bombing","title":"Amiriyah shelter bombing","date_start":"1991-02-13"},{"id":"battle-of-khafji","title":"Battle of Khafji","date_start":"1991-01-29"},{"id":"1991-iraqi-missile-attacks-against-israel","title":"1991 Iraqi missile attacks against Israel","date_start":"1991-01-17"}]}},"20-september-2024-beirut-attack":{"extract":"On 20 September 2024, Israel launched an air attack that leveled an apartment building in the Dahieh suburb of Beirut, Lebanon. The attack killed at least 45 people, including 16 Hezbollah militants, including commanders Ibrahim Aqil and Ahmed Wehbe. The other victims were civilians, including at least three children and seven women. At least 68 others were injured.\n\nIsrael said the strike targeted commanders of Hezbollah's elite Redwan Force command committee which was holding a meeting within the apartment building. Two months earlier, Israel had assassinated another commander, Fuad Shukr, in the then ongoing Israel–Hezbollah conflict.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1368398505,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-08T21:01:14Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20_September_2024_Beirut_attack","wikidata_qid":"Q130331542","wikidata_classes":["airstrike","massacre","war crime","homicide"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q122974556","label":"Hezbollah–Israel conflict (2023–present)","id":"2024-israel-hezbollah-conflict"},{"qid":"Q122962941","label":"Gaza War","id":"2023-israel-hamas-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"2024-lebanon-electronic-device-attacks","title":"2024 Lebanon electronic device attacks","date_start":"2024-09-18"},{"id":"september-2024-israeli-attacks-against-lebanon","title":"September 2024 Israeli attacks against Lebanon","date_start":"2024-09-23"},{"id":"2024-hezbollah-headquarters-strike","title":"2024 Hezbollah headquarters strike","date_start":"2024-09-27"},{"id":"2024-lebanon-war","title":"2024 Lebanon war","date_start":"2024-10-01"},{"id":"assassination-of-ismail-haniyeh","title":"Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh","date_start":"2024-07-31"}],"same_time":[{"id":"october-2024-iranian-strikes-on-israel","title":"October 2024 Iranian strikes on Israel","date_start":"2024-10-01"},{"id":"killing-of-yahya-sinwar","title":"Killing of Yahya Sinwar","date_start":"2024-10-16"},{"id":"turkish-aerospace-industries-headquarters-attack","title":"Turkish Aerospace Industries headquarters attack","date_start":"2024-10-23"},{"id":"october-2024-israeli-strikes-on-iran","title":"October 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran","date_start":"2024-10-26"},{"id":"majdal-shams-attack","title":"Majdal Shams attack","date_start":"2024-07-27"}]}},"farhud":{"extract":"The Farhud (Arabic: الفرهود, romanized: al-Farhūd) was a pogrom carried out against the Jewish population of Baghdad, Iraq, on 1–2 June 1941 (coinciding with the Jewish holiday of Shavuot), immediately following the British victory in the Anglo-Iraqi War. The riots occurred in a power vacuum that followed the collapse of the pro-Fascist and pro-Nazi government of Rashid Ali al-Gaylani while the city was in a state of instability. The violence came immediately after the rapid defeat of Rashid Ali by British forces, whose earlier coup had generated a short period of national euphoria, and was fueled by allegations that Iraqi Jews had aided the British. More than 180 Jews were killed, with some reports that as many as 600 Jewish victims were buried in a mass grave. A thousand Jews were injured, Jewish property was looted and 900 Jewish homes were destroyed. Some non-Jewish rioters were killed in the attempt to quell the violence.\n\nOn account of the role of Axis and pro-Axis elements in inciting and eventually carrying out the pogrom, it is often argued to have constituted the extension of the Shoah in Iraq, though this classification, and even its inclusion as part of the wider Holocaust, have been disputed. In any case, as with other persecutions of Jews outside of Europe, it is often overlooked when compared to the Holocaust in Europe, especially outside of Israel (where the vast majority of Iraqi Jews, as well as their descendants, currently live).\n\nThe event spurred a migration of Iraqi Jews out of the country, although a direct connection to the 1951–1952 Jewish exodus from Iraq is also disputed, as many Jews who left Iraq immediately following the Farhud later returned to the country, and permanent Jewish emigration out of Iraq did not accelerate significantly until 1950–1951.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1376864291,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-26T17:47:00Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farhud","wikidata_qid":"Q2352263","wikidata_classes":["pogrom","mass murder","riot","protest"],"date_flags":["date_source_adjusted: Wikidata P585 1941-06-02 equals the item's end time (P582); used P580 start time 1941-06-01"],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q177716","label":"pogrom"},{"qid":"Q48005","label":"history of antisemitism"},{"qid":"Q575970","label":"anti-Judaism"},{"qid":"Q51615","label":"history of the Middle East"},{"qid":"Q1517398","label":"history of the Jews in Iraq"}]},"2018-egyptian-presidential-election":{"extract":"Presidential elections were held in Egypt between 26 and 28 March 2018, though Egyptians abroad voted from 16 to 18 March 2018. On 19 January, incumbent President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi formally announced he would run for a second and final term. El-Sisi won the election with 97%, according to the official results. A runoff would have taken place 19 to 21 April outside the country and 24 to 26 April within the country if no candidate had reached 50% of the vote. The election had a turnout of roughly 41%, lower than the 2014 election's 47%. A 2019 constitutional change allowed El-Sisi to remain in power until 2030 instead of 2022.\n\nThe elections were conducted amid a repression campaign by incumbent President el-Sisi. In the face of this repression, all opposition candidates pulled out of the election. The only approved challenger to Sisi was another pro-government politician, Moussa Mostafa Moussa. Fourteen human rights groups dismissed the poll as \"farcical.\" They said the authorities had \"trampled over even the minimum requirements for free and fair elections\", stifling basic freedoms and eliminating key challengers.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1379328686,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-09T07:47:20Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Egyptian_presidential_election","wikidata_qid":"Q28162717","wikidata_classes":["Presidential elections in Egypt","public election"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"2018-2019-gaza-border-protests","title":"2018–2019 Gaza border protests","date_start":"2018-03-30"},{"id":"douma-chemical-attack","title":"Douma chemical attack","date_start":"2018-04-07"},{"id":"april-2018-missile-strikes-against-syria","title":"April 2018 missile strikes against Syria","date_start":"2018-04-14"},{"id":"rif-dimashq-offensive-february-april-2018","title":"Rif Dimashq offensive (February–April 2018)","date_start":"2018-04-14"},{"id":"united-arab-emirates-occupation-of-socotra","title":"United Arab Emirates occupation of Socotra","date_start":"2018-04-30"}]}},"douma-chemical-attack":{"extract":"On 7 April 2018, a chemical warfare attack was launched in the city of Douma, Syria by the military of the Ba'athist regime led by Bashar al-Assad. Medics and witnesses reported that it caused the deaths of between 40 and 50 people and injuries to possibly well over 100. The attack was attributed to the Syrian Army by rebel forces in Douma, and by the United States, British, and French governments. A two-year long investigation by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) Investigation and Identification Team (IIT) concluded in January 2023 that the Syrian Air Force perpetrated the attack, dropping two cylinders, one of which hit the rooftop floor of a three-storey residential building and released chlorine gas. On 14 April 2018, the United States, France and the United Kingdom carried out a series of military strikes against two alleged chemical weapons facilities of the Syrian government.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1379960961,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-12T23:29:04Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douma_chemical_attack","wikidata_qid":"Q51629486","wikidata_classes":["airstrike","armed conflict","bombardment"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q49413597","label":"Rif Dimashq offensive (February–April 2018)","id":"rif-dimashq-offensive-february-april-2018"}],"related":{"nearby":[{"id":"ghouta-chemical-attack","title":"Ghouta chemical attack","date_start":"2013-08-21","km":7.8,"bearing":223},{"id":"april-2018-missile-strikes-against-syria","title":"April 2018 missile strikes against Syria","date_start":"2018-04-14","km":8.7,"bearing":261},{"id":"mar-elias-church-attack","title":"Mar Elias Church attack","date_start":"2025-06-22","km":11.1,"bearing":227},{"id":"capture-of-damascus-1918","title":"Capture of Damascus (1918)","date_start":"1918-09-26","km":12,"bearing":237},{"id":"battle-of-damascus-2012","title":"Battle of Damascus (2012)","date_start":"2012-07-15","km":12.1,"bearing":237}],"same_time":[{"id":"2018-2019-gaza-border-protests","title":"2018–2019 Gaza border protests","date_start":"2018-03-30"},{"id":"2018-egyptian-presidential-election","title":"2018 Egyptian presidential election","date_start":"2018-03-26"},{"id":"united-arab-emirates-occupation-of-socotra","title":"United Arab Emirates occupation of Socotra","date_start":"2018-04-30"},{"id":"2018-lebanese-general-election","title":"2018 Lebanese general election","date_start":"2018-05-06"},{"id":"united-states-withdrawal-from-the-joint-comprehensive-plan-of-action","title":"United States withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal","date_start":"2018-05-08"}]}}}