{"operation-skorpion":{"extract":"Operation Skorpion (Unternehmen Skorpion) from 26 to 27 May 1941, was a military operation during the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War. The operation was conducted by Axis forces under the command of Colonel Maximilian von Herff and resisted by British forces under Lieutenant-General William \"Strafer\" Gott. A counter-attack was made on British positions at Halfaya Pass in north-western Egypt, which had been captured during Operation Brevity (15–16 May). Unternehmen Skorpion was the second offensive operation commanded by Rommel in Africa (apart from the Siege of Tobruk).\n\nSkorpion pushed the British out of Halfaya Pass and forced them to retire to the area from Buq Buq to Sofafi. The Germans and Italians fortified the pass and built other strong points back towards Sidi Azeiz as tank killing zones, ready to meet another British attack. The British continued with preparations for Operation Battleaxe (15–17 June) but it was another costly British failure that led to the sacking of General Sir Archibald Wavell, Commander-in-Chief Middle East and other senior officers.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1370699589,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-22T16:20:25Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Skorpion","wikidata_qid":"Q2756836","wikidata_classes":["military operation"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q625798","label":"Western Desert campaign","id":"western-desert-campaign"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"operation-brevity","title":"Operation Brevity","date_start":"1941-05-16"},{"id":"italian-invasion-of-egypt","title":"Italian invasion of Egypt","date_start":"1940-09-09"},{"id":"battle-of-mersa-matruh","title":"Battle of Mersa Matruh","date_start":"1942-06-29"},{"id":"first-battle-of-el-alamein","title":"First Battle of El Alamein","date_start":"1942-07-01"},{"id":"battle-of-alam-el-halfa","title":"Battle of Alam el Halfa","date_start":"1942-08-30"}],"same_time":[{"id":"syria-lebanon-campaign","title":"Syria–Lebanon campaign","date_start":"1941-06-08"},{"id":"anglo-iraqi-war","title":"Anglo-Iraqi War","date_start":"1941-05-02"},{"id":"battle-of-palmyra-1941","title":"Battle of Palmyra (1941)","date_start":"1941-07-01"},{"id":"anglo-soviet-invasion-of-iran","title":"Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran","date_start":"1941-08-25"},{"id":"operation-compass","title":"Operation Compass","date_start":"1940-12-09"}]}},"botroseya-church-bombing":{"extract":"On 11 December 2016, a suicide bomber killed 29 people and injured 47 others at St. Peter and St. Paul's Church (commonly known as El-Botroseya Church), a chapel next to Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral, seat of the Coptic Orthodox Pope, in Cairo's Abbasia district. Egypt's president, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi identified the bomber as 22-year-old Mahmoud Shafiq Mohammed Mustafa, who had worn a suicide vest. el-Sisi reported that three men and a woman have been arrested in connection with the attack; two others are being sought. ISIS claimed responsibility for the attack.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1368729273,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-10T19:35:00Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botroseya_Church_bombing","wikidata_qid":"Q27990640","wikidata_classes":["suicide bombing","terrorist attack"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q3064177","label":"persecution of Egyptian Copts"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"palm-sunday-church-bombings","title":"Palm Sunday church bombings","date_start":"2017-04-09"},{"id":"2011-alexandria-bombing","title":"2011 Alexandria bombing","date_start":"2011-01-01"}],"nearby":[{"id":"assassination-of-anwar-sadat","title":"Assassination of Anwar Sadat","date_start":"1981-10-06","km":3.9,"bearing":103},{"id":"cairo-fire","title":"Cairo fire","date_start":"1952-01-26","km":4.8,"bearing":251},{"id":"rabaa-massacre","title":"Rabaa massacre","date_start":"2013-08-14","km":4.9,"bearing":231},{"id":"mcmahon-hussein-correspondence","title":"McMahon–Hussein correspondence","date_start":"1915-07-14","km":4.9,"bearing":231},{"id":"egyptian-revolution-of-2011","title":"2011 Egyptian revolution","date_start":"2011-01-25","km":4.9,"bearing":231}],"same_time":[{"id":"2016-besiktas-bombings","title":"2016 Beşiktaş bombings","date_start":"2016-12-10"},{"id":"palmyra-offensive-december-2016","title":"Palmyra offensive (December 2016)","date_start":"2016-12-08"},{"id":"assassination-of-andrei-karlov","title":"Assassination of Andrei Karlov","date_start":"2016-12-19"},{"id":"istanbul-nightclub-shooting","title":"Istanbul nightclub shooting","date_start":"2017-01-01"},{"id":"aleppo-offensive-november-december-2016","title":"Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)","date_start":"2016-11-15"}]}},"1920-capture-of-damascus":{"extract":"The 1920 capture of Damascus was the final stage of the Franco-Syrian War in which French forces captured Damascus with little resistance. The Arab Kingdom of Syria was brought to an end, and the French mandate of Syria was put into effect. Shortly afterward, in September 1920, Damascus was established as the capital of the State of Damascus under a French mandate.\n\nThe war of the Hashemites against the French, which erupted in January 1920, shortly became a devastating campaign for the newly-proclaimed Arab Kingdom of Syria. Worried about the results of a long bloody fight with the French, King Faisal himself surrendered on 14 July 1920, but his message would not reach War minister Yusuf al-'Azma, who, ignoring the King, led an army to Maysalun to defend Syria from the French advance. The Battle of Maysalun resulted in a crushing Syrian defeat. The French troops later marched on Damascus and captured it on 24 July 1920.\n\nThe French troops met little resistance from the inhabitants of Damascus, but there were shootouts between the French and residents of the Shaghour and Midan neighborhoods at the outset of the French entry. A Pro-French government under the leadership of Aladdin al-Droubi was installed the next day.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1370279049,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-20T04:52:57Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920_capture_of_Damascus","wikidata_qid":"Q7509962","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q2992403","label":"Franco-Syrian War","id":"franco-syrian-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"battle-of-maysalun","title":"Battle of Maysalun","date_start":"1920-07-24"},{"id":"battle-of-tel-hai","title":"Battle of Tel Hai","date_start":"1920-03-01"}],"same_time":[{"id":"treaty-of-s-vres","title":"Treaty of Sèvres","date_start":"1920-08-10"},{"id":"san-remo-conference","title":"San Remo conference","date_start":"1920-04-19"},{"id":"1920-nebi-musa-riots","title":"1920 Nebi Musa riots","date_start":"1920-04-04"}]}},"treaty-of-saadabad":{"extract":"The Treaty of Saadabad (or the Saadabad Pact) was a non-aggression pact signed by Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Afghanistan on 8 July 1937, and lasted for five years. The treaty was signed in Tehran's Saadabad Palace and was part of an initiative for greater Middle Eastern-oriental relations spearheaded by King Mohammed Zahir Shah of Afghanistan. Ratifications were exchanged in Tehran on 25 June 1938, and the treaty became effective on the same day. It was registered in the League of Nations Treaty Series on 19 July 1938.\n\nIn Iraq, the left-leaning Bakr Sidqi military government of 1936–1937 was less Arab nationalist than other Iraqi governments. Sidqi was a Kurd and his prime minister, Hikmat Sulayman, was a Turkmen. They were therefore interested in diplomacy with Iraq's eastern, non-Arab neighbours. Turkey sought friendly relations with its neighbours and was still recovering from its defeat in World War I and the costly victory in the Turkish War of Independence.\n\nIn 1943, the treaty was automatically extended for a further five years because none of the signatories had renounced it. After the end of the extended treaty term, the pact officially ended.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1379633509,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-11T02:07:18Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Saadabad","wikidata_qid":"Q537143","wikidata_classes":["treaty"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"dersim-massacre","title":"Dersim massacre","date_start":"1937-05-01"}]}},"gaza-strip-famine":{"extract":"The population of the Gaza Strip underwent a famine as a result of an Israeli blockade during the Gaza war between 22 August 2025 and 19 December 2025. The prevention of basic essentials and humanitarian aid from entering Gaza, as well as airstrikes that destroyed food infrastructure, such as bakeries, mills, and food stores, caused a widespread scarcity of essential supplies. Humanitarian aid was also blocked by protests at borders and ports. Increasing societal breakdown in Gaza, including looting, was also cited as a barrier to the provision of aid.\n\nBy August 2025, Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) projections showed that 100% of the population are experiencing \"high levels of acute food insecurity\", and 32% were projected to face Phase 5 catastrophic levels by 30 September 2025. On 22 August 2025, the IPC said that famine is taking place in at least one of the five governorates in the Gaza Strip: specifically, the Gaza Governorate which includes Gaza City. The IPC added that, within the next month, famine was likely to also occur in both the Deir al-Balah Governorate and the Khan Yunis Governorate. The IPC had insufficient data on the North Gaza Governorate for a classification but concluded that conditions were likely similar or worse than in the Gaza Governorate. Within the next 6 weeks as of 16 August, the number of people in IPC Phase 5 was expected to rise from 500,000 to over 640,000.\n\nOn 22 October 2025, the International Court of Justice found that Israel is obliged to guarantee sufficient food to Gazans and to allow UNRWA to operate in Gaza. On 19 December, the IPC published a report declaring that there is no longer a famine in Gaza after improvements in food delivery following the ceasefire, but warned that the situation remains \"highly fragile\" with 100,000 still facing \"catastrophic conditions\", although that number was projected to decline to 1,900 by April 2026. As of January 2026, Gazans have received enough humanitarian aid to meet their basic food needs for the first time since the start of the war.\n\nHowever, in late July 2026, the IPC reported that the scale-up of humanitarian assistance, enabled by the October 2025 ceasefire, has driven improvements in food security and nutrition conditions across Gaza, but that over 1.2 million people (59% of the population of Gaza) continued to face Phase 3 Crisis levels of food insecurity or worse, including 212,000 (about 10% of Gazans) experiencing Phase 4 Emergency levels, and warned that Gaza is still experiencing a severe food emergency that could develop into another famine.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1381303437,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-21T13:18:58Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip_famine","wikidata_qid":"Q124302798","wikidata_classes":["starvation","war crime","famine","fake news"],"date_flags":["date_start_year_not_in_lead: start year 2023 (2023-10-01) is not within 1 year of any year in the Wikipedia lead [2025, 2026]"],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"month","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":true,"note":"Opens with the famine as \"a result of an Israeli blockade\"; other causes (looting, breakdown of order) come later as secondary.","highlights":["a result of an Israeli blockade"]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[{"text":"a result of an Israeli blockade","kind":"fairness"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q123392381","label":"Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present)"},{"qid":"Q124086054","label":"Gaza genocide","id":"gaza-genocide"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"attacks-on-jabalia-refugee-camp-2023-present","title":"Attacks on Jabalia refugee camp (2023–present)","date_start":"2023-10-01"},{"id":"gaza-strip-evacuations","title":"Gaza Strip evacuations","date_start":"2023-10-01"},{"id":"al-shati-refugee-camp-airstrikes","title":"Al-Shati refugee camp airstrikes","date_start":"2023-10-12"},{"id":"al-ahli-arab-hospital-explosion","title":"Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion","date_start":"2023-10-17"},{"id":"church-of-saint-porphyrius-airstrike","title":"Church of Saint Porphyrius airstrike","date_start":"2023-10-19"}]}},"operation-prosperity-guardian":{"extract":"Operation Prosperity Guardian was a United States-led military operation by a multinational coalition formed in December 2023 to respond to Houthi-led attacks on shipping in the Red Sea.\n\nFollowing the breakout of the Gaza war in October 2023, the Houthi movement in Yemen launched a series of attacks against commercial vessels in the Red Sea, including but not limited to those heading or related to Israel, with the stated purpose of preventing the bombing of Gaza and forcing Israel to let food and medicine into the strip. On 18 December 2023, U.S. Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin announced the formation of an international maritime security force aimed at ending the blockade and countering threats by Houthi forces against international maritime commerce in the region.\n\nThe coalition had more than 20 members Egypt and Saudi Arabia, both economically reliant on unhindered commercial shipping in the area, are absent from the listed participants. France, Italy and Spain have also declined to participate. The chairman of the Suez Canal Authority, Usama Rabia, claimed that \"navigation traffic in the Suez Canal was not affected by what is happening in the Red Sea\". Nevertheless, on 10 January, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) adopted a resolution demanding a cessation of Houthi attacks on merchant vessels.\n\nThe day of the UNSC resolution, the Houthis launched their largest-ever barrage of 18–24 attack drones and missiles at international ships and warships in the Red Sea. In response, on 12 January 2024, the coalition launched its first airstrikes against Houthi targets in Yemen, to which the Houthis have pledged to retaliate.\n\nAs of 2 January 2025, the Houthis recorded 931 American and British airstrikes against its sites in Yemen, resulting in 106 deaths and 314 injuries. Since 15 March 2025, attacks in Yemen have intensified during Operation Rough Rider and the United States have conducted over 1,000 airstrikes.\n\nOn 6 May 2025, President Donald Trump announced that the Houthis had \"capitulated\" and promised not to attack commercial vessels passing Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. He further declared the US strikes to be over, \"effective immediately,\" as a result of a ceasefire between the U.S. and the Houthis, brokered by Oman.\n\nThe Houthis agreed to halt attacks on US vessels in the Red Sea but emphasized that the ceasefire did not in \"any way, shape, or form\" apply to Israel. While Trump framed the truce as the Houthis having \"capitulated\" and not \"want[ing] to fight anymore,\" while also having shown \"a lot of bravery,\" the Houthis stated that it was in fact the U.S. that \"backed down.\" Administration officials interviewed by The New York Times said that Trump agreed to the cease fire because the airstrikes were not achieving their objectives and the United States failed to achieve air superiority against the Houthis.\n\nAfter the ceasefire was implemented, attacks on commercial shipping resumed. Operation Aspides a \"purely defensive\" EU military operation has continued to provide limited protection to shipping.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1370698789,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-22T16:17:12Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Prosperity_Guardian","wikidata_qid":"Q123912788","wikidata_classes":["military operation"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q123285238","label":"Red Sea crisis","id":"red-sea-crisis"}],"includes":[{"id":"us-uk-airstrikes-on-yemen","title":"US–UK airstrikes on Yemen","date_start":"2024-01-12"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"operation-aspides","title":"Operation Aspides","date_start":"2024-02-19"},{"id":"march-may-2025-united-states-attacks-in-yemen","title":"March–May 2025 United States attacks in Yemen","date_start":"2025-03-15"}],"same_time":[{"id":"killing-of-alon-shamriz-yotam-haim-and-samer-talalka","title":"Killing of Alon Shamriz, Yotam Haim, and Samer Talalka","date_start":"2023-12-15"},{"id":"2023-egyptian-presidential-election","title":"2023 Egyptian presidential election","date_start":"2023-12-10"},{"id":"assassination-of-saleh-al-arouri","title":"Assassination of Saleh al-Arouri","date_start":"2024-01-02"},{"id":"2024-kerman-bombings","title":"2024 Kerman bombings","date_start":"2024-01-03"},{"id":"2023-gaza-war-ceasefire","title":"2023 Gaza war ceasefire","date_start":"2023-11-24"}]}},"2012-2013-egyptian-protests":{"extract":"The 2012–2013 Egyptian protests (sometimes called the Hirak Uprising) were part of the crisis in Egypt including the June 2013 protests, the July 2013 coup d'état, and part of the post-coup unrest. They saw varying opposition against three contiguous heads of state; namely, the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF), Muslim Brotherhood, and the de facto ruling Egyptian Armed Forces.\n\nBeginning with the anniversary of the 2011 Egyptian revolution, small-scale protests took place in January demanding the military to step away from power. Those protests saw at least 7 protesters killed. Increasing violence, however, began in February 2012 with the massacre of Port Said, where 74 people (72 of which being Al-Ahly fans) were killed and hundred were injured by purported fans who were armed with knives, batons and swords, while the sparse security present stood idly. The lack of police intervention and alleged political involvement sparked a number of protests. Subsequent protests in March saw 1 killed after demands for the return of football matches for El Masry after the riots last month.\n\nMass demonstrations in April demanding a transfer of power were attacked by the military. In June, riots and violent demonstrations against the delay of the trial of those responsible for the killings of protesters since 2011 took place and demands for the parliament to be dissolved was heard. From 16 June – 30 July, strikes and major protests against the continued lack of freedom of speech and the apparent power grab by the SCAF. Workers protested in major strikes in July against unemployment and the economic situation. Protests against the film discriminating Islam took place from 11 to 14 September. It was suppressed. Doctors and nurses protested in October for weeks demanding better wages. Protests against the resignations of members of the armed forces in August were carried out by supporters of the military.\n\nDuring Morsi's presidency, the demonstrations were organized by Egyptian opposition organizations and individuals, mainly liberals, leftists, secularists and Christians. They resulted in violent clashes between pro- and anti-Morsi protesters, with dozens of deaths and hundreds of injuries. Demonstrators gathered outside the Heliopolis Palace, which in turn was surrounded by tanks and armored vehicles of the Republican Guard. The anti-Morsi protesters in Cairo were estimated at 200,000, while over 100,000 supporters of Morsi gathered in Cairo to show support.\n\nA number of Morsi's advisers resigned in protest, and many judges spoke out against his actions as well. Resignations were tendered by the director of state broadcasting, Rafik Habib (Christian vice president of the Muslim Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party), and Zaghloul el-Balshi (general secretary of the commission overseeing the planned constitutional referendum). Seven members of Morsi's 17-member advisory panel resigned in December 2012.\n\nOn 8 December 2012, Morsi annulled his temporary decree which had expanded his presidential authority and removed judicial review of his decrees, an Islamist official said, but added that the results of the temporary declaration would still stand.\n\nOn 22 December, the Constitution supported by Morsi was approved in a national referendum by 64% of the voters, with 33% of the electorate voting. The opposition claimed fraud in the process and called for an inquiry.\n\nOn 30 June 2013, prior to the anti-government protests, Morsi supporters gathered in Rabaa el-Adaweya square to celebrate the one-year anniversary of Morsi's inauguration. In turn, tens of thousands of Morsi opponents massed in Tahrir Square and outside the Heliopolis Palace demanding Morsi's resignation and pre-term presidential elections. Demonstrations were also reported in 18 locations across Cairo and in other different locations across the country including Alexandria, El-Mahalla and cities in the Suez Canal region. Various political organizations supported the demonstrations, including the Tamarod movement formed by members of the Egyptian Movement for Change, which claimed to have collected 22 million signatures calling for Morsi's resignation.\n\nOn 3 July 2013, the Egyptian Armed Forces released a statement announcing the end of Morsi's presidency, following a 48-hour deadline demanding that Morsi \"responds to the demands of the people.\" In the same statement, the military announced the constitution was suspended for amendments and that new elections would be held at a future date. The chief justice of the constitutional court, Adly Mansour, became head of a transitional government.\n\nProtesting Morsi's overthrow, his supporters staged large demonstrations in the Nasr City district of Cairo, and in Alexandria, Luxor, Damanhour, and Suez. In the aftermath, massacres were perpetrated during clashes between Morsi supporters and Egyptian soldiers and security forces, including the Rabaa massacre and the Republican Guard clashes. In many cases, the Armed Forces denied shooting at demonstrators with live ammunition, contrary to claims by the Brotherhood, its supporters, and several Western media outlets.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1376813376,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-26T10:40:45Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_Egyptian_protests","wikidata_qid":"Q3720660","wikidata_classes":["protest"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":true,"findings":[{"guideline":"DOUBT","guideline_name":"Expressions of doubt","shortcut":"MOS:DOUBT","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AManual_of_Style%2FWords_to_watch&oldid=1376702503#Expressions_of_doubt","phrase":"purported fans","note":"\"Purported\" casts doubt on the attackers at Port Said being football fans, in Wikipedia's own voice, without saying who doubts it."}],"highlights":["purported fans"]},"highlights":[{"text":"purported fans","kind":"wording"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q33761","label":"Arab Spring","id":"arab-spring"}],"includes":[{"id":"2013-egyptian-coup-d-etat","title":"2013 Egyptian coup d'état","date_start":"2013-07-03"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"syrian-civil-war","title":"Syrian civil war","date_start":"2011-03-15"},{"id":"syrian-revolution","title":"Syrian revolution","date_start":"2011-03-15"},{"id":"2011-2012-iranian-protests","title":"2011–2012 Iranian protests","date_start":"2011-02-14"},{"id":"2011-bahraini-uprising","title":"2011 Bahraini uprising","date_start":"2011-02-14"},{"id":"yemeni-revolution","title":"Yemeni revolution","date_start":"2011-01-27"}],"nearby":[{"id":"egyptian-revolution-of-2011","title":"2011 Egyptian revolution","date_start":"2011-01-25","km":2.2,"bearing":56},{"id":"mcmahon-hussein-correspondence","title":"McMahon–Hussein correspondence","date_start":"1915-07-14","km":2.2,"bearing":56},{"id":"rabaa-massacre","title":"Rabaa massacre","date_start":"2013-08-14","km":2.2,"bearing":56},{"id":"cairo-fire","title":"Cairo fire","date_start":"1952-01-26","km":3,"bearing":23},{"id":"2009-khan-el-khalili-bombing","title":"2009 Khan el-Khalili bombing","date_start":"2009-02-22","km":3.2,"bearing":90}],"same_time":[{"id":"2012-gaza-war","title":"2012 Gaza War","date_start":"2012-11-14"},{"id":"2012-egyptian-constitutional-referendum","title":"2012 Egyptian constitutional referendum","date_start":"2012-12-15"},{"id":"battle-of-ras-al-ayn-2012-13","title":"Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2012–13)","date_start":"2012-12-17"},{"id":"2013-israeli-legislative-election","title":"2013 Israeli legislative election","date_start":"2013-01-23"},{"id":"battle-of-raqqa-2013","title":"Battle of Raqqa (2013)","date_start":"2013-03-02"}]}},"manbij-offensive-2016":{"extract":"The Manbij offensive, code-named Operation Martyr and Commander Faysal Abu Layla, was a 2016 military offensive operation by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) to capture the city of Manbij from the Islamic State (IS), and eventually, the ISIS-held areas through Al-Bab to Herbel, in the area referred to as the \"Manbij Pocket\" in the northern Aleppo Governorate. The main goal of the offensive was to cut off ISIL's last supply routes from Turkey, and to prevent ISIS fighters from escaping across the Syria–Turkey border. For the first five days of the offensive, the US-led coalition conducted over 55 airstrikes in support of the SDF. After capturing Manbij city on 12 August, the SDF announced that the offensive would continue until the whole countryside around Manbij was captured, though the offensive effectively ended shortly after Turkey, who regard the YPG elements in the SDF as a terrorist organisation, initiated Operation Euphrates Shield to prevent the SDF uniting the regions of Rojava.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1370858999,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-23T12:54:21Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manbij_offensive_(2016)","wikidata_qid":"Q23701421","wikidata_classes":["offensive","armed conflict"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q178810","label":"Syrian Civil War","id":"syrian-civil-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"operation-euphrates-shield","title":"Operation Euphrates Shield","date_start":"2016-08-24"},{"id":"battle-of-al-bab","title":"Battle of al-Bab","date_start":"2016-11-06"},{"id":"raqqa-campaign-2016-2017","title":"Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)","date_start":"2016-11-06"},{"id":"palmyra-offensive-december-2016","title":"Palmyra offensive (December 2016)","date_start":"2016-12-08"},{"id":"palmyra-offensive-march-2016","title":"Palmyra offensive (March 2016)","date_start":"2016-03-09"}],"same_time":[{"id":"august-2016-gaziantep-bombing","title":"August 2016 Gaziantep bombing","date_start":"2016-08-20"},{"id":"2016-jordanian-general-election","title":"2016 Jordanian general election","date_start":"2016-09-20"},{"id":"2016-turkish-coup-d-etat-attempt","title":"2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt","date_start":"2016-07-16"},{"id":"battle-of-mosul-2016-2017","title":"Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)","date_start":"2016-10-16"},{"id":"2016-saudi-arabia-bombings","title":"2016 Saudi Arabia bombings","date_start":"2016-07-04"}]}},"april-2024-iranian-strikes-on-israel":{"extract":"On 13 April 2024, the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC), a branch of the Iranian Armed Forces, in collaboration with the Islamic Resistance in Iraq, Lebanese militant group Hezbollah, and the Ansar Allah (Houthis), launched attacks against Israel and the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights with loitering munitions, cruise missiles, and ballistic missiles. The attack was codenamed by Iran as Operation True Promise (Persian: وعده صادق, romanized: va'de-ye sādeq). Iran said it was retaliation for the Israeli bombing of the Iranian embassy in Damascus on 1 April, which killed two Iranian generals. The strike was seen as a spillover of the Gaza war and marked Iran's first direct attack on Israel since the start of their proxy conflict.\n\nSeveral countries in the Middle East closed their airspace a few hours before Iran launched a standoff attack against Israel around midnight on 13 April. Iran's attack sent around 170 drones, over 30 cruise missiles, and more than 120 ballistic missiles toward Israel and the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights. The Israel Defense Forces used Arrow 3 and David's Sling systems to shoot down many of the incoming weapons. American, British, French, and Jordanian air forces also shot some down. France, which intervened at Jordan's request, deployed warships to provide radar coverage. Jordan said it had intercepted objects flying into its airspace to protect its citizens.\n\nIsrael said that the coalition, whose defensive efforts were codenamed Iron Shield, destroyed 99 percent of the incoming weapons, most before they reached Israeli airspace. A U.S. official said that at least nine Iranian missiles had struck two Israeli airbases, causing minor damage. Some of the ballistic missiles were shot down in space by the Arrow system. The missiles caused minor damage to the Nevatim Airbase in southern Israel, which remained operational. In Israel, a 7-year-old Israeli Bedouin girl was struck and injured by part of a missile, and 31 other people either suffered minor injuries while rushing to shelters or were treated for anxiety. Jordan reported some shrapnel falling on its territory, causing little damage or injuries. The next day, Iran's envoy to the United Nations stated that the attacks \"can be deemed concluded\".\n\nThe wave of drones was intended to overwhelm anti-aircraft defenses. It was the first time since Iraq's 1991 missile strikes that Israel was directly attacked by the military of another state. Iran's attacks drew criticism from the United Nations, several world leaders, and political analysts, who warned that they risk escalating into a full-blown regional war. Israel retaliated by executing limited strikes on Iran on 18 April 2024.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1373392805,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-05T18:44:54Z","data_fixes":[{"ref":"F10","anchor":"f10---three-more-month-precision-start-dates-pinned-to-the-1st-same-cause-as-f7-f8"}],"wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2024_Iranian_strikes_on_Israel","wikidata_qid":"Q125464497","wikidata_classes":["offensive","armed conflict"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q61126993","label":"Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war"},{"qid":"Q15059994","label":"Iran–Israel proxy conflict","id":"iran-israel-proxy-conflict"},{"qid":"Q122962941","label":"Gaza War","id":"2023-israel-hamas-war"},{"qid":"Q122974556","label":"Hezbollah–Israel conflict (2023–present)","id":"2024-israel-hezbollah-conflict"},{"qid":"Q125494451","label":"international reactions to the Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus"},{"qid":"Q125465957","label":"2024 Iran–Israel conflict"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"april-2024-israeli-strikes-on-iran","title":"April 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran","date_start":"2024-04-19"},{"id":"israeli-airstrike-on-the-iranian-consulate-in-damascus","title":"Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus","date_start":"2024-04-01"},{"id":"world-central-kitchen-aid-convoy-attack","title":"World Central Kitchen aid convoy attack","date_start":"2024-04-01"},{"id":"tel-al-sultan-attack","title":"Tel al-Sultan attack","date_start":"2024-05-26"},{"id":"flour-massacre","title":"Flour Massacre","date_start":"2024-02-29"}],"same_time":[{"id":"2024-turkish-local-elections","title":"2024 Turkish local elections","date_start":"2024-03-31"},{"id":"operation-aspides","title":"Operation Aspides","date_start":"2024-02-19"},{"id":"nuseirat-rescue-and-massacre","title":"Nuseirat rescue and massacre","date_start":"2024-06-08"},{"id":"killing-of-hind-rajab","title":"Killing of Hind Rajab","date_start":"2024-01-29"},{"id":"tower-22-drone-attack","title":"Tower 22 drone attack","date_start":"2024-01-28"}]}}}