{"gallipoli-campaign":{"extract":"The Gallipoli campaign, the Dardanelles campaign, the Defence of Gallipoli or the Battle of Gallipoli (Turkish: Gelibolu Muharebesi, Çanakkale Muharebeleri or Çanakkale Savaşı) was a military campaign in the First World War on the Gallipoli Peninsula (now Gelibolu) from 19 February 1915 to 9 January 1916. The Allied powers (Britain, France and the Russian Empire) unsuccessfully attempted to make the Ottoman Empire, one of the Central Powers, capitulate by taking control of the Turkish straits. They intended to expose the Ottoman capital at Constantinople to bombardment by Allied warships and cut it off from the Asian part of the empire. An Ottoman Empire defeat could have led to unfettered Western control of the Suez Canal and the opening of the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits to Allied supplies headed for the Black Sea and warm-water ports in Russia.\n\nIn March 1915, the Allied fleet failed to force a passage through the Dardanelles. An amphibious landing on the Gallipoli peninsula began in April 1915. In January 1916, after eight months' fighting, with approximately 250,000 casualties on each side, the land campaign was abandoned and the invasion force was withdrawn, resulting in an Ottoman victory. It was a costly campaign for the Allied powers and the Ottoman Empire as well as for the sponsors of the expedition, especially the First Lord of the Admiralty (1911–1915), Winston Churchill.\n\nIn Turkey, it is regarded as a defining moment in the country's history. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who rose to prominence as a commander at Gallipoli, became the founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey in 1923. The campaign is considered by some to be the beginning of Australian and New Zealand national consciousness. The anniversary of the landings, 25 April, is known as Anzac Day, the most significant commemoration of military casualties and veterans in the two countries, surpassing Remembrance Day (Armistice Day).","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1379733603,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-11T17:00:14Z","data_fixes":[{"ref":"F14","anchor":"f14---eleven-seed-dates-the-article-states-to-the-day-day-precision-recorded-date-unchanged"}],"wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign","wikidata_qid":"Q164983","wikidata_classes":["military campaign","offensive","military operation","armed conflict"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"hand_picked":true,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q1765465","label":"Middle Eastern theater of World War I","id":"middle-eastern-theatre-of-world-war-i"}],"includes":[{"id":"naval-operations-in-the-dardanelles-campaign","title":"Naval operations in the Dardanelles campaign","date_start":"1915-02-19"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"sinai-and-palestine-campaign","title":"Sinai and Palestine campaign","date_start":"1915-01-28"},{"id":"mesopotamian-campaign","title":"Mesopotamian campaign","date_start":"1914-11-06"},{"id":"caucasus-campaign","title":"Caucasus campaign","date_start":"1914-10-29"},{"id":"arab-revolt","title":"Arab Revolt","date_start":"1916-06-10"},{"id":"battle-of-romani","title":"Battle of Romani","date_start":"1916-08-03"}],"nearby":[{"id":"landing-at-anzac-cove","title":"Landing at Anzac Cove","date_start":"1915-04-25","km":0.9,"bearing":24},{"id":"battle-of-imbros","title":"Battle of Imbros","date_start":"1918-01-20","km":26.4,"bearing":269}],"same_time":[{"id":"battle-of-ardahan","title":"Battle of Ardahan","date_start":"1914-12-25"},{"id":"battle-of-sarikamish","title":"Battle of Sarikamish","date_start":"1914-12-22"},{"id":"defense-of-van-1915","title":"Defense of Van (1915)","date_start":"1915-04-19"},{"id":"armenian-genocide","title":"Armenian genocide","date_start":"1915-04-24"},{"id":"battle-of-qurna","title":"Battle of Qurna","date_start":"1914-12-03"}]}},"assassination-of-yitzhak-rabin":{"extract":"Yitzhak Rabin, the prime minister of Israel, was assassinated on 4 November 1995 at 21:30, at the end of a rally in support of the Oslo Accords at Kings of Israel Square in Tel Aviv. The assailant was Yigal Amir, an Israeli law student and far-right ultranationalist who radically opposed the Oslo Accords and Rabin's peace initiative more broadly.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1378427563,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-04T12:16:16Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Yitzhak_Rabin","wikidata_qid":"Q2608162","wikidata_classes":["murder","political murder","assassination"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"hand_picked":true,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"nearby":[{"id":"june-2016-tel-aviv-shooting","title":"June 2016 Tel Aviv shooting","date_start":"2016-06-08","km":1.2,"bearing":155},{"id":"dolphinarium-discotheque-bombing","title":"Dolphinarium discotheque bombing","date_start":"2001-06-01","km":2.4,"bearing":228},{"id":"jaffa-riots-may-1921","title":"Jaffa riots (May 1921)","date_start":"1921-05-01","km":4.2,"bearing":217},{"id":"coastal-road-massacre","title":"Coastal road massacre","date_start":"1978-03-11","km":7.6,"bearing":16},{"id":"sabena-flight-571","title":"Sabena Flight 571","date_start":"1972-05-08","km":12.1,"bearing":132}],"same_time":[{"id":"1996-palestinian-general-election","title":"1996 Palestinian general election","date_start":"1996-01-20"},{"id":"qana-massacre","title":"Qana massacre","date_start":"1996-04-18"},{"id":"operation-grapes-of-wrath","title":"Operation Grapes of Wrath","date_start":"1996-04-27"}]}},"2023-israel-hamas-war":{"extract":"The Gaza war is an armed conflict in the Gaza Strip and Israel, fought as part of the unresolved Israeli–Palestinian and Gaza–Israel conflicts. The war began on 7 October 2023, when Palestinian militant group Hamas led an attack on Israel, in which 1,195 Israelis and foreign nationals were killed and 251 were taken hostage. Since the start of the Israeli offensive that followed, over 74,000 Palestinians in Gaza have been killed; several studies in The Lancet indicate this figure is likely a significant undercount. Many scholarly sources and international organizations—including UN bodies, NGOs, and the International Association of Genocide Scholars—have concluded that Israel's actions in Gaza constitute genocide under international law. Several countries have also stated that genocide is occurring and have supported legal proceedings before the International Court of Justice. Israel and its supporters, including the United States, deny that genocide has occurred.\n\nFollowing the 7 October attacks, Israel launched a bombing campaign and later invaded Gaza on 27 October after clearing militants from its territory. Israeli forces launched several campaigns, including the Rafah offensive, three battles fought around Khan Yunis, and the siege of North Gaza, culminating in a 2025 offensive in Gaza City. They have assassinated Hamas leaders inside and outside of Gaza. A 2023 ceasefire broke down, and a second ceasefire in January 2025 ended with a surprise attack by Israel in March. A third ceasefire came into effect on 10 October after Israel and Hamas agreed to phase one of a US-backed peace plan. As part of the peace plan, the Hamas civil administration in Gaza resigned on 6 July 2026, and an agreement was reached on 31 July for Hamas and other militant organisations in Gaza to disarm, contingent on reconstruction progress and Israel's military withdrawal.\n\nThe war has resulted in significant humanitarian costs. A tightened blockade by Israel cut off basic necessities, which led to a partial famine. Around 90% of Gaza's civilian infrastructure has been destroyed and essential services, including water, electricity, and sanitation, have been severely disrupted; large parts are uninhabitable, with most hospitals, religious and cultural landmarks, and educational facilities destroyed. Gazan journalists, health workers, aid workers and other members of civil society have been detained, tortured, and killed. Israel has detained thousands of Palestinians from Gaza and the West Bank since the start of the war. Nearly all of the strip's 2.3 million Palestinians have been forcibly displaced. Over 100,000 Israelis were internally displaced at the height of the conflict. The first day was the deadliest in Israel's history, and the war is the deadliest for Palestinians in the broader conflict.\n\nIn September 2025, the UN Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory concluded that four of the five acts of genocide as defined by the Genocide Convention had been committed in Gaza since 7 October 2023. A case accusing Israel of genocide is being reviewed by the International Court of Justice. Experts and human rights organizations have also stated that Israel and Hamas have committed other war crimes. Some have described the 7 October attacks as a genocide or genocidal massacre of Israelis. Torture and sexual violence have been committed both by Palestinian militant groups and by Israeli forces.\n\nIsrael has received extensive military and diplomatic support from the United States. The war has reverberated regionally, with \"Axis of Resistance\" groups across several Arab countries and Iran clashing with the US and Israel, including in the Twelve-Day War in 2025, and the 2026 Iran war. A year of strikes between Israel and Hezbollah led to wars in Lebanon in 2024 and in 2026, as well as ongoing Israeli operations in Syria, which contributed to the fall of the Assad regime. The war continues to have regional and international repercussions, with large protests worldwide as well as a surge of antisemitism and anti-Palestinian racism.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-01","wikipedia_revid":1377864011,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-01T16:20:05Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_war","wikidata_qid":"Q122962941","wikidata_classes":["war","armed conflict"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"country-fallback:Israel/Palestine","text_from_article":null,"hand_picked":true,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":true,"note":"Leans toward the genocide framing but attributes it (\"many scholarly sources ... have concluded\") and states the Israeli and US denial; Hamas's crimes and sexual violence by both sides are included.","highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q553184","label":"Gaza–Israel conflict","id":"gaza-israel-conflict"},{"qid":"Q124373310","label":"Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)","id":"middle-eastern-crisis-2023-present"}],"includes":[{"id":"israeli-blockade-of-the-gaza-strip-2023-present","title":"Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)","date_start":"2023-01-01"},{"id":"attacks-on-jabalia-refugee-camp-2023-present","title":"Attacks on Jabalia refugee camp (2023–present)","date_start":"2023-10-01"},{"id":"israeli-invasion-of-the-gaza-strip","title":"Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip","date_start":"2023-10-01"},{"id":"battle-of-re-im","title":"Battle of Re'im","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"battle-of-sderot","title":"Battle of Sderot","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"gaza-genocide","title":"Gaza genocide","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"nahal-oz-attack","title":"Nahal Oz attack","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"october-7-attacks","title":"October 7 attacks","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"zikim-attack","title":"Zikim attack","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"al-shati-refugee-camp-airstrikes","title":"Al-Shati refugee camp airstrikes","date_start":"2023-10-12"},{"id":"al-ahli-arab-hospital-explosion","title":"Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion","date_start":"2023-10-17"},{"id":"church-of-saint-porphyrius-airstrike","title":"Church of Saint Porphyrius airstrike","date_start":"2023-10-19"},{"id":"al-shifa-hospital-siege","title":"Al-Shifa Hospital siege","date_start":"2023-11-01"},{"id":"2023-gaza-war-ceasefire","title":"2023 Gaza war ceasefire","date_start":"2023-11-24"},{"id":"killing-of-hind-rajab","title":"Killing of Hind Rajab","date_start":"2024-01-29"},{"id":"flour-massacre","title":"Flour Massacre","date_start":"2024-02-29"},{"id":"world-central-kitchen-aid-convoy-attack","title":"World Central Kitchen aid convoy attack","date_start":"2024-04-01"},{"id":"april-2024-iranian-strikes-on-israel","title":"April 2024 Iranian strikes on Israel","date_start":"2024-04-13"},{"id":"tel-al-sultan-attack","title":"Tel al-Sultan attack","date_start":"2024-05-26"},{"id":"nuseirat-rescue-and-massacre","title":"Nuseirat rescue and massacre","date_start":"2024-06-08"},{"id":"july-2024-houthi-israel-attacks","title":"July 2024 Houthi–Israel attacks","date_start":"2024-07-20"},{"id":"majdal-shams-attack","title":"Majdal Shams attack","date_start":"2024-07-27"},{"id":"assassination-of-ismail-haniyeh","title":"Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh","date_start":"2024-07-31"},{"id":"20-september-2024-beirut-attack","title":"20 September 2024 Beirut attack","date_start":"2024-09-20"},{"id":"2024-hezbollah-headquarters-strike","title":"2024 Hezbollah headquarters strike","date_start":"2024-09-27"},{"id":"january-2025-gaza-war-ceasefire","title":"January 2025 Gaza war ceasefire","date_start":"2025-01-15"},{"id":"march-may-2025-united-states-attacks-in-yemen","title":"March–May 2025 United States attacks in Yemen","date_start":"2025-03-15"},{"id":"march-2025-israeli-attacks-on-the-gaza-strip","title":"March 2025 Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip","date_start":"2025-03-18"},{"id":"rafah-paramedic-massacre","title":"Rafah paramedic massacre","date_start":"2025-03-23"},{"id":"may-2025-gaza-offensive","title":"May 2025 Gaza offensive","date_start":"2025-05-17"},{"id":"2025-nasser-hospital-strikes","title":"2025 Nasser Hospital strikes","date_start":"2025-08-25"},{"id":"israeli-attack-on-doha","title":"Israeli attack on Doha","date_start":"2025-09-09"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"2024-israel-hezbollah-conflict","title":"Hezbollah–Israel conflict (2023–present)","date_start":"2023-10-08"},{"id":"attacks-on-us-bases-during-the-middle-eastern-crisis-2023-present","title":"Attacks on US bases during the Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)","date_start":"2023-10-18"},{"id":"red-sea-crisis","title":"Red Sea crisis","date_start":"2023-10-19"},{"id":"may-2023-gaza-israel-clashes","title":"May 2023 Gaza–Israel clashes","date_start":"2023-05-01"},{"id":"september-2024-israeli-attacks-against-lebanon","title":"September 2024 Israeli attacks against Lebanon","date_start":"2024-09-23"}],"same_time":[{"id":"alumim-massacre","title":"Alumim massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"be-eri-massacre","title":"Be'eri massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"ein-hashlosha-massacre","title":"Ein HaShlosha massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"holit-attack","title":"Holit attack","date_start":"2023-10-07"},{"id":"kfar-aza-massacre","title":"Kfar Aza massacre","date_start":"2023-10-07"}]}},"battle-of-kunfuda-bay":{"extract":"The Battle of Kunfuda Bay was a naval battle of the Italo-Turkish War between small squadrons of the Italian and Ottoman navies. On 7 January 1912, the Italian protected cruiser Piemonte and the Soldato-class destroyers Artigliere and Garibaldino, cruising the Red Sea, discovered six Ottoman gunboats, a tugboat, and a yacht in the harbor at Kunfuda. The vessels engaged for over three hours and five Ottoman vessels were sunk and four dhows were captured. Three of the gunboats were damaged during the battle and grounded on the beach to prevent them from sinking. The following morning, the Italian vessels returned to destroy the remaining three vessels; the yacht, which had been sunk, was later salvaged and seized by Italy. After the battle, the Italian squadron in the Red Sea was able to proclaim a blockade of Ottoman ports in the Red Sea and frequently bombarded Ottoman positions for the rest of the war.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1370446451,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-21T04:12:31Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kunfuda_Bay","wikidata_qid":"Q2888986","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q203824","label":"Italo-Turkish War","id":"italo-turkish-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"battle-of-beirut-1912","title":"Battle of Beirut (1912)","date_start":"1912-02-24"}]}},"battle-of-lule-burgas":{"extract":"The Battle of Lule Burgas (Turkish: Lüleburgaz Muharebesi) or Battle of Luleburgas – Bunarhisar (Bulgarian: Битка при Люлебургас – Бунархисар, Turkish: Lüleburgaz – Pınarhisar Muharebesi) took place between the Kingdom of Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire and was the bloodiest battle of the First Balkan War. The battle took place from 28 October to 2 November 1912. The outnumbered Bulgarian forces made the Ottomans retreat to Çatalca line, 30 km from the Ottoman capital Constantinople. In terms of forces engaged it was the largest battle fought in Europe between the end of the Franco-Prussian War and the beginning of the First World War.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1380906055,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-18T17:55:55Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Lule_Burgas","wikidata_qid":"Q1445532","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q177918","label":"First Balkan War"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"siege-of-adrianople-1912-1913","title":"Siege of Adrianople (1912–1913)","date_start":"1912-11-03"},{"id":"first-battle-of-catalca","title":"First Battle of Çatalca","date_start":"1912-11-17"},{"id":"battle-of-elli","title":"Battle of Elli","date_start":"1912-12-16"},{"id":"battle-of-bulair","title":"Battle of Bulair","date_start":"1913-01-26"}],"same_time":[{"id":"balkan-wars","title":"Balkan Wars","date_start":"1912-10-08"},{"id":"1912-ottoman-coup-d-etat","title":"1912 Ottoman coup d'état","date_start":"1912-07-17"}]}},"battle-of-jenin-2002":{"extract":"The Battle of Jenin, took place in the Jenin refugee camp in the Israeli-occupied West Bank on April 1–11, 2002. The Israeli military invaded the camp, and other areas under the administration of the Palestinian Authority, during the Second Intifada, as part of Operation Defensive Shield.\n\nIsraeli forces employed infantry, commando forces, and assault helicopters. Palestinian militants had prepared for a fight, booby trapping locations throughout the camp, and after an Israeli column walked into an ambush, the army began to rely more heavily on the use of armored bulldozers. On April 11, Palestinian militants began to surrender. Israeli troops began withdrawing from the camp on April 18.\n\nDespite reports of a widespread massacre numbering hundreds of casualties by some Palestinian officials, subsequent investigations found no evidence to substantiate it, and official totals from Palestinian and Israeli sources confirmed between 52 and 54 Palestinians, including civilians, and 23 Israeli soldiers as having been killed in the fighting. Israel did not allow emergency workers into the camp after the battle with Palestinian militants had ended, drawing condemnation from a UN envoy. The battle led to widespread destruction of the camp, as at least 140 buildings were completely destroyed, and severe damage was caused to 200 additional buildings rendered uninhabitable or unsafe.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1379564389,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-10T19:11:37Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Jenin_(2002)","wikidata_qid":"Q4871330","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"year","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q2276724","label":"Operation Defensive Shield","id":"operation-defensive-shield"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"siege-of-the-church-of-the-nativity","title":"Siege of the Church of the Nativity","date_start":"2002-04-02"}],"nearby":[{"id":"july-2023-jenin-incursion","title":"July 2023 Jenin incursion","date_start":"2023-07-03","km":1.2,"bearing":274},{"id":"battle-of-megiddo-1918","title":"Battle of Megiddo (1918)","date_start":"1918-01-01","km":39.8,"bearing":260},{"id":"balad-al-shaykh-massacre","title":"Balad al-Shaykh massacre","date_start":"1947-12-31","km":42.3,"bearing":325},{"id":"eilabun-massacre","title":"Eilabun massacre","date_start":"1948-10-30","km":43.1,"bearing":12},{"id":"haifa-oil-refinery-massacre","title":"Haifa Oil Refinery massacre","date_start":"1947-12-30","km":43.8,"bearing":328}]}},"iran-saudi-arabia-proxy-war":{"extract":"Iran and Saudi Arabia are engaged in a proxy war over influence in the Middle East and other regions of the Muslim world. The two countries have provided varying degrees of support to opposing sides in nearby conflicts, including the civil wars in Syria and Yemen; and disputes in Bahrain, Lebanon, Qatar, and Iraq. The struggle also extends to disputes or broader competition in other countries globally including in West, North, and East Africa; South, Central, and Southeast Asia; the Balkans, and the Caucasus.\n\nIn what has been described as a new cold war, the conflict is waged on multiple levels over geopolitical, economic, and sectarian influence in pursuit of regional hegemony. The rivalry has drawn comparisons to the dynamics of the Cold War era.\n\nAs of 2017, the rivalry is primarily a political and economic struggle exacerbated by religious differences, and sectarianism in the region is exploited by both countries for geopolitical purposes as part of a larger conflict. Iran sees itself as the leading Shia Muslim power, while Saudi Arabia is the leading Sunni Muslim power (see Shia–Sunni relations).\n\nAs of 10 March 2023, diplomatic relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia have been restored due to Chinese-brokered talks, which could have positive implications in the political climate of the Middle East. The deal was concluded after Iranian agreement to stop its military support for the Houthi militants in the Yemeni civil war.\n\nAs a result of the 2026 Iran war initiated by United States–Israeli surprise airstrikes on Iran, Iran and Saudi Arabia exchanged direct strikes on their respective territories.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1380006988,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-13T06:14:27Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_war","wikidata_qid":"Q22948406","wikidata_classes":["proxy war","sectarianism","war"],"date_flags":["date_start_year_not_in_lead: start year 1979 (1979-02-11) is not within 1 year of any year in the Wikipedia lead [2017, 2023, 2026]"],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q17512479","label":"Arab Winter","id":"arab-winter"},{"qid":"Q76327897","label":"Arab–Iranian conflict"}],"includes":[{"id":"lebanese-civil-war","title":"Lebanese Civil War","date_start":"1975-04-13"},{"id":"yemeni-civil-war-2014-present","title":"Yemeni civil war (2014–present)","date_start":"2014-09-16"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"sinai-insurgency","title":"Sinai insurgency","date_start":"2011-02-05"},{"id":"syrian-civil-war","title":"Syrian civil war","date_start":"2011-03-15"},{"id":"war-in-iraq-2013-2017","title":"War in Iraq (2013–2017)","date_start":"2014-01-01"}]}},"2008-turkish-incursion-into-northern-iraq":{"extract":"The 2008 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq, code-named Operation Sun (Turkish: Güneş Harekatı) by the Turkish Armed Forces, began on February 21, 2008, when the Turkish Army sent troops into northern Iraq to target the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). The ground offensive was preceded by Turkish Air Force bombardments of PKK camps in northern Iraq, which began on December 16, 2007. It was the \"first confirmed ground incursion\" of Iraq since the 2003 U.S.-led invasion.\n\nInitial reports indicated that up to 10,000 troops had taken part in the operation, although the Kurdistan Regional Government and the Multi-National Force – Iraq claimed only a few hundred troops were involved.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1370816578,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-23T06:17:05Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Turkish_incursion_into_northern_Iraq","wikidata_qid":"Q2430581","wikidata_classes":["military operation"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":true,"findings":[{"guideline":"SAID","guideline_name":"Synonyms for \"said\"","shortcut":"MOS:SAID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AManual_of_Style%2FWords_to_watch&oldid=1376702503#Synonyms_for_said","phrase":"claimed only a few hundred troops were involved","note":"The Kurdistan Regional Government and the coalition \"claimed\" a lower figure, while the \"initial reports indicated\" the higher one."}],"highlights":["claimed only a few hundred troops were involved"]},"highlights":[{"text":"claimed only a few hundred troops were involved","kind":"wording"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q6445763","label":"Kurdish–Turkish conflict","id":"kurdish-turkish-conflict"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"kurdistan-workers-party-insurgency","title":"Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency","date_start":"1978-11-01"},{"id":"dersim-massacre","title":"Dersim massacre","date_start":"1937-05-01"},{"id":"ararat-rebellion","title":"Ararat rebellion","date_start":"1927-10-01"},{"id":"sheikh-said-rebellion","title":"Sheikh Said rebellion","date_start":"1925-02-13"}],"same_time":[{"id":"operation-hot-winter","title":"Operation Hot Winter","date_start":"2008-03-03"},{"id":"battle-of-basra-2008","title":"Battle of Basra (2008)","date_start":"2008-03-25"},{"id":"nisour-square-massacre","title":"Nisour Square massacre","date_start":"2007-09-16"},{"id":"2007-turkish-presidential-election","title":"2007 Turkish presidential election","date_start":"2007-08-28"}]}},"1929-hebron-massacre":{"extract":"Sixty-seven or sixty-nine Jews were massacred on 24 August 1929 in Hebron, Mandatory Palestine. The event also left scores seriously wounded or maimed. Jewish homes were pillaged and synagogues were ransacked.\n\nThe massacre was perpetrated by Arabs incited to violence by rumors that Jews were planning to seize control of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. Some of the 435 Jews in Hebron who survived were hidden by local Arab families, although the extent of this phenomenon is debated. Soon after, all Hebron's Jews were evacuated by the British authorities. Many returned in 1931, but almost all were evacuated at the outbreak of the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine. The massacre formed part of the 1929 Palestine riots, in which a total of 133 Jews and 110 Arabs were killed, most of the latter by British security forces, and brought the centuries-old Jewish presence in Hebron to an end.\n\nThe massacre, together with that of Jews in Safed, sent shock waves through Jewish communities in Palestine and around the world. It led to the re-organization and development of the Jewish paramilitary organization, the Haganah, which later became the nucleus of the Israel Defense Forces.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1376115673,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-22T04:03:17Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929_Hebron_massacre","wikidata_qid":"Q1417490","wikidata_classes":["pogrom","mass murder","riot","protest"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q2281806","label":"1929 Arab riots in Palestine","id":"1929-palestine-riots"}],"related":{"nearby":[{"id":"cave-of-the-patriarchs-massacre","title":"Cave of the Patriarchs massacre","date_start":"1994-02-25","km":1.5,"bearing":109},{"id":"israeli-declaration-of-independence","title":"Israeli Declaration of Independence","date_start":"1948-05-14","km":11.7,"bearing":23},{"id":"kfar-etzion-massacre","title":"Kfar Etzion massacre","date_start":"1948-05-13","km":13.5,"bearing":7},{"id":"2014-kidnapping-and-murders-of-israeli-teenagers","title":"2014 kidnapping and murders of Israeli teenagers","date_start":"2014-06-12","km":14.2,"bearing":10},{"id":"1966-attack-on-samu","title":"1966 attack on Samu","date_start":"1966-11-13","km":14.6,"bearing":191}]}},"mediterranean-and-middle-east-theatre-of-world-war-ii":{"extract":"The Mediterranean and Middle East theatre, also known as the Mediterranean Theater of War, and described as Mediterranean, South-East Europe, and North Africa 1939–1941 in Germany military history, was a major theatre of operations during the Second World War. It saw interconnected land, naval, and air campaigns fought for control of the Mediterranean Sea, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, the Middle East and Southern Europe. Despite their disparate geographic locations and objectives, these operations were not seen as neatly separated from each other, but part of an extensive, contiguous theatre of war.\n\nThe Mediterranean theater had the longest duration of the Second World War. Combat started on 10 June 1940 with Italy's declaration of war against the United Kingdom and France and ended on 2 May 1945 when all Axis forces in Italy surrendered. Various post-war conflicts, such as the Greek Civil War and the first phase of the Palestine War, were rooted in events during the Mediterranean theater.\n\nThe Mediterranean theatre was initially driven by Italian aspirations to establish a new Roman Empire, while the Allies aimed to retain the status quo. Immediately following its declaration of war, Italy invaded France, bombed Malta, and attacked Allied ships. Italian forces invaded Greece in October 1940—with little initial success—requiring German intervention to conquer it by April 1941; Yugoslavia was invaded and occupied by Axis forces the same month. Allied and Axis forces fought across North Africa, while Axis interference in the Middle East caused fighting to spread as far as Palestine, Iraq, and Iran.\n\nWith confidence high from early gains, German forces planned to capture the Middle East with a view to possibly attacking the Soviet Union from the south. Devastating losses in Egypt and Tunisia stopped the Axis threat in North Africa by May 1943. The Allies then invaded Italy, resulting in an armistice and subsequent civil war. A prolonged battle for Italy commenced between Allied and Axis forces, supported by the Allied-aligned Kingdom of Italy in the south and Axis-aligned Italian Social Republic in the north, lasting until 2 May 1945 with the Surrender at Caserta.\n\nThe Mediterranean and Middle East theatre resulted in the destruction of the Italian Empire and the weakening of Germany's strategic position, as German forces had been diverted from the Western and Eastern fronts and suffered over two million losses (including those captured upon final surrender). Italy lost around 177,000 men, with a further several hundred thousand captured throughout the duration of the theatre. British losses amounted to 300,000 men killed, wounded, or captured, while total American losses were around 130,000.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1378869230,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-06T16:45:44Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II","wikidata_qid":"Q696817","wikidata_classes":["theater of war","armed conflict"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q362","label":"World War II","id":"world-war-ii"}],"includes":[{"id":"bombing-of-bahrain-in-world-war-ii","title":"Bombing of Bahrain in World War II","date_start":"1940-10-19"},{"id":"anglo-iraqi-war","title":"Anglo-Iraqi War","date_start":"1941-05-02"},{"id":"syria-lebanon-campaign","title":"Syria–Lebanon campaign","date_start":"1941-06-08"},{"id":"anglo-soviet-invasion-of-iran","title":"Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran","date_start":"1941-08-25"},{"id":"raid-on-alexandria-1941","title":"Raid on Alexandria (1941)","date_start":"1941-12-19"}],"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"western-desert-campaign","title":"Western Desert campaign","date_start":"1940-06-11"},{"id":"italian-invasion-of-egypt","title":"Italian invasion of Egypt","date_start":"1940-09-09"},{"id":"operation-compass","title":"Operation Compass","date_start":"1940-12-09"}]}},"2019-turkish-local-elections":{"extract":"The Turkish local elections of 2019 were held on Sunday 31 March 2019 throughout the 81 provinces of Turkey. A total of 30 metropolitan and 1,351 district municipal mayors, alongside 1,251 provincial and 20,500 municipal councillors were elected, in addition to numerous local non-partisan positions such as neighbourhood representatives (muhtars) and elderly people's councils.\n\nThe governing Justice and Development Party (AK Party) and the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) contested the elections in many provinces under a joint People's Alliance. Likewise, the Republican People's Party (CHP) and the İYİ Party entered some of the races under the Nation Alliance banner. The Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) did not openly announce support for either alliance, but did not field candidates in some areas to improve the chances of opposition candidates. The strategic voting and the refraining from fielding candidates by the HDP in contested areas like Ankara, and Istanbul allowed the opposition parties to gain a majority in these cities, through cooperation.\n\nCampaigning was described as distinctly negative and divisive, with the opposition blaming the government for Turkey's economic downturn and alleging misuse of public funds and corruption. In response, the government criticized the opposition parties for acting in the interests of foreign powers and terrorist groups, namely the PKK. Particular controversy surrounded the AK Party's allegations of financial fraud against the opposition's Ankara mayoral candidate Mansur Yavaş, which later turned out to have been made by an unverifiable source. The use of video footage of the Christchurch terrorist attack by AK Party leader and President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan during his election rallies caused diplomatic relations between Turkey and New Zealand to sour. Five people were killed and two were injured during political violence on election day, in two separate incidents in Gaziantep and Malatya. The election was criticized by some observers due to alleged media bias in favour of the governing People's Alliance.\n\nThe members of the Nation Alliance were initially beset with issues concerning candidate selection and inner-party divisions, stemming from their general election loss in June 2018. However, both the CHP and the İYİ Party collectively managed to outperform expectations, securing 'shock' victories in Turkey's major metropolitan areas. These included winning control of both Ankara and Istanbul, Turkey's capital and largest city respectively. The CHP also held control of İzmir, Turkey's third largest city, and now governs 5 of Turkey's 6 largest population centres (the only exception being Bursa, where the governing coalition narrowly won). The Communist Party won control of a provincial capital, namely Tunceli, for the first time. In provinces where the AK Party and MHP contested as separate parties, there was a substantial swing from AK Party candidates to the MHP. Nevertheless, AK Party leader and President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan claimed victory, and the People's Alliance indeed won the plurality of votes with just under 50%, while the opposition Nation Alliance won 38%.\n\nThe election was beset by a number of controversies, including an unexplained results blackout on election night just when the opposition were on the verge of victory in Istanbul. The Electoral Board also invalidated the successful election of by the approved candidates from the pro-Kurdish HDP and following awarded the mayorships to the AK Party. The Istanbul mayoral election, where CHP candidate Ekrem İmamoğlu defeated AK Party candidate and former Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım by just under 14,000 votes (0.17%), remained disputed for two weeks after the vote. This result was made public after a blackout, by which point the CHP candidate was up by more than 24,000 votes. Numerous recounts, electoral complaints, legal disputes, alleged corruption, accusations of terrorist involvement and police operations took place after the election, initiated mainly by the AK Party. İmamoğlu was sworn in as mayor, though a new election was held on 23 June. The result was an unexpected victory for İmamoğlu, who defeated Yıldırım, 54.2% to 45%.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1363706771,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-07-11T21:16:46Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Turkish_local_elections","wikidata_qid":"Q28219941","wikidata_classes":["municipal election","local election","public election"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":true,"findings":[{"guideline":"LABEL","guideline_name":"Contentious labels","shortcut":"MOS:LABEL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AManual_of_Style%2FWords_to_watch&oldid=1376702503#Contentious_labels","phrase":"the Christchurch terrorist attack","note":"Uses \"terrorist\" for the Christchurch attack in Wikipedia's own voice, without saying who uses the label."},{"guideline":"EDITORIAL","guideline_name":"Editorializing","shortcut":"MOS:EDITORIAL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AManual_of_Style%2FWords_to_watch&oldid=1376702503#Editorializing","phrase":"the People's Alliance indeed won the plurality of votes","note":"\"Indeed\" affirms Erdoğan's victory claim in Wikipedia's own voice."}],"highlights":["the Christchurch terrorist attack","the People's Alliance indeed won the plurality of votes"]},"highlights":[{"text":"the Christchurch terrorist attack","kind":"wording"},{"text":"the People's Alliance indeed won the plurality of votes","kind":"wording"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"april-2019-israeli-legislative-election","title":"April 2019 Israeli legislative election","date_start":"2019-04-09"},{"id":"battle-of-baghuz-fawqani","title":"Battle of Baghuz Fawqani","date_start":"2019-02-09"},{"id":"june-2019-istanbul-mayoral-election","title":"June 2019 Istanbul mayoral election","date_start":"2019-06-23"},{"id":"abqaiq-khurais-attack","title":"Abqaiq–Khurais attack","date_start":"2019-09-14"},{"id":"september-2019-israeli-legislative-election","title":"September 2019 Israeli legislative election","date_start":"2019-09-17"}]}},"2026-israeli-legislative-election":{"extract":"Legislative elections are scheduled to be held in Israel on 27 October 2026, to elect all 120 members of the 26th Knesset and determine the governing coalition that succeeds the 37th government led by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.\n\nThe outgoing 25th Knesset became the first Israeli legislature to complete its full four-year term without early dissolution since 1988, ending the prolonged political crisis of 2018–2022 that saw five consecutive snap elections. However, the government's tenure was marked by political turmoil, including mass protests over judicial reform, the 7 October attacks and subsequent Gaza war, and recurring coalition crises over Haredi military conscription.\n\nIn this proportional representation system, parties must meet a 3.25% electoral threshold to enter the legislature.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1381682287,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-24T03:00:56Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Israeli_legislative_election","wikidata_qid":"Q115632366","wikidata_classes":["Israeli legislative election","public election"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"2026-yemen-offensives","title":"2026 Yemen offensives","date_start":"2026-09-03"},{"id":"mecca-joint-defence-agreement","title":"Mecca Joint Defence Agreement","date_start":"2026-08-07"},{"id":"2026-ankara-nato-summit","title":"2026 Ankara NATO summit","date_start":"2026-07-07"}]}}}