{"peel-commission":{"extract":"The Peel Commission, formally known as the Palestine Royal Commission, was a British Royal Commission of Inquiry, headed by Lord Peel, appointed in 1936 to investigate the causes of conflict in Mandatory Palestine, which was administered by the United Kingdom, following a six-month-long Arab general strike.\n\nOn 7 July 1937, the commission published a report that, for the first time, stated that the League of Nations Mandate had become unworkable and recommended partition. The British cabinet endorsed the Partition plan in principle but requested more information. Following the publication, in 1938 the Woodhead Commission was appointed to examine it in detail and recommend an actual partition plan.\n\nThe Arab leadership opposed the partition plan. The Arab Higher Committee opposed the idea of a Jewish state and called for an independent state of Palestine, \"with protection of all legitimate Jewish and other minority rights and safeguarding of reasonable British interests\". They also demanded cessation of all Jewish immigration and land purchase. They argued that the creation of a Jewish state and lack of independent Palestine was a betrayal of the word given by Britain.\n\nThe Zionist leadership was bitterly divided over the plan. In a resolution adopted at the 1937 Zionist Congress, the delegates rejected the specific partition plan. Yet the principle of partition is generally thought to have been \"accepted\" or \"not rejected outright\" by any major faction: the delegates empowered the leadership to pursue future negotiations. The Jewish Agency Council later attached a request that a conference be convened to explore a peaceful settlement in terms of an undivided Palestine. According to Benny Morris, Ben-Gurion and Weizmann saw it \"as a stepping stone to some further expansion and the eventual takeover of the whole of Palestine\".","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1375537897,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-18T11:53:29Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peel_Commission","wikidata_qid":"Q655894","wikidata_classes":["committee"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"country-fallback:Israel/Palestine","text_from_article":null,"hand_picked":true,"date_precision":null,"framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":true,"note":"Gives both leaderships' positions, but ends on a single historian's reading that Zionist leaders saw partition as a step toward \"the eventual takeover of the whole of Palestine\".","highlights":["the eventual takeover of the whole of Palestine"]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[{"text":"the eventual takeover of the whole of Palestine","kind":"fairness"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false}},"khartoum-resolution":{"extract":"The Khartoum Resolution (Arabic: قرار الخرطوم) of 1 September 1967 was issued at the conclusion of the 1967 Arab League summit, which was convened in Khartoum, the capital of Sudan, in the wake of the Six-Day War. The resolution is famous for containing (in the third paragraph) what became known as the \"Three Noes\" (Arabic: اللاءات الثلاث) or \"The Three Noes of Khartoum\" (لاءات الخرطوم الثلاث).","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-10","wikipedia_revid":1379408937,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-09T20:58:09Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum_Resolution","wikidata_qid":"Q1740597","wikidata_classes":["resolution"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"manual-override","text_from_article":null,"hand_picked":true,"date_precision":null,"framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false}},"lebanese-civil-war":{"extract":"The Lebanese Civil War (Arabic: الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية, al-ḥarb al-ahliyyah al-libnāniyyah) was a multifaceted armed conflict fought in Lebanon from 1975 to 1990. It resulted in an estimated 120,000 deaths, displaced nearly one million people, and caused widespread destruction across the country.\n\nThe war arose from longstanding political and sectarian tensions within Lebanon's confessional system, compounded by demographic change, the presence of Palestinian armed groups following the Arab–Israeli conflict, and the influence of regional rivalries and the Cold War. Fighting initially broke out between Christian militias and Palestinian factions, principally the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), allied with Lebanese Muslim, leftist, and pan-Arab groups. As the conflict escalated, it developed into a complex, multi-sided war involving shifting alliances among Lebanese factions and the military intervention of Syria, Israel, Iran, and other foreign actors.\n\nThroughout the conflict, numerous militias fought for political, sectarian, and territorial objectives, with alliances frequently changing over time. While much of the fighting occurred between opposing sectarian and ideological coalitions, significant violence also took place within individual communities. International peacekeeping forces, including the Multinational Force in Lebanon and the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), were deployed during different stages of the war.\n\nThe 1989 Taif Agreement laid the foundation for ending the conflict, and most militias were disbanded following the war's conclusion in 1990. In 1991, the Lebanese Parliament enacted a general amnesty for political crimes committed during the conflict. Hezbollah, however, remained armed, citing its role in resisting the Israeli occupation of southern Lebanon. The war left a lasting impact on Lebanon's political system, economy, and society, and many of its underlying political and sectarian divisions have continued to shape the country in the decades since its end.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1380690555,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-17T07:47:01Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War","wikidata_qid":"Q208484","wikidata_classes":["civil war","war","armed conflict"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"country-fallback:Lebanon","text_from_article":null,"hand_picked":true,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q4783165","label":"Arab Cold War","id":"arab-cold-war"},{"qid":"Q8669","label":"Arab–Israeli conflict","id":"arab-israeli-conflict"},{"qid":"Q22948406","label":"Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict","id":"iran-saudi-arabia-proxy-war"},{"qid":"Q15059994","label":"Iran–Israel proxy conflict","id":"iran-israel-proxy-conflict"}],"includes":[{"id":"karantina-massacre","title":"Karantina massacre","date_start":"1976-01-18"},{"id":"damour-massacre","title":"Damour massacre","date_start":"1976-01-20"},{"id":"tel-al-zaatar-massacre","title":"Tel al-Zaatar massacre","date_start":"1976-08-12"},{"id":"1982-lebanon-war","title":"1982 Lebanon War","date_start":"1982-06-06"},{"id":"sabra-and-shatila-massacre","title":"Sabra and Shatila massacre","date_start":"1982-09-16"},{"id":"1983-us-embassy-bombing-in-beirut","title":"1983 US embassy bombing in Beirut","date_start":"1983-04-18"},{"id":"1983-beirut-barracks-bombings","title":"1983 Beirut barracks bombings","date_start":"1983-10-23"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"sabena-flight-571","title":"Sabena Flight 571","date_start":"1972-05-08"},{"id":"1970-syrian-coup-d-etat","title":"1970 Syrian coup d'etat","date_start":"1970-11-13"},{"id":"black-september-in-jordan","title":"Black September","date_start":"1970-09-06"},{"id":"operation-opera","title":"Operation Opera","date_start":"1981-06-07"},{"id":"1968-iraqi-coup-d-tat","title":"17 July Revolution","date_start":"1968-07-17"}]}},"sabra-and-shatila-massacre":{"extract":"From 16 to 18 September 1982, between 1,300 and 3,500 civilians—mostly Palestinians and Lebanese Shias—were killed in Beirut's Sabra neighbourhood and the adjacent Shatila refugee camp by the Lebanese Forces, one of the main Christian militias in Lebanon, with the support of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF).\n\nIn June 1982, Israel invaded Lebanon with the intention of rooting out the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). By 30 August 1982, under the supervision of the Multinational Force, the PLO withdrew from Lebanon following weeks of battles in West Beirut and shortly before the massacre took place. The Lebanese president Bashir Gemayel banned the Lebanese Forces from operating in Beirut, replacing their positions with the Lebanese army. On 11 September 1982, the multinational force withdrew from Lebanon, and the Lebanese army entered parts of West Beirut to restore civil order but did not enter the Palestinian camps. Various forces—Israeli, Lebanese Forces and possibly also the South Lebanon Army (SLA)—were in the vicinity of Sabra and Shatila at the time of the slaughter, taking advantage of the fact that the Multinational Force had removed barracks and mines that had encircled Beirut's predominantly Muslim neighborhoods and kept the Israelis at bay during the siege of Beirut. On 14 September, Bashir was assassinated by a Syrian Social Nationalist Party militant under the orders of the Syrian regime, and taking advantage of the power vacuum Israel occupied west Beirut the following day. The Israeli advance over West Beirut in the wake of the PLO withdrawal, which enabled the Lebanese Forces raid, was in violation of the ceasefire agreement between the various forces.\n\nThe killings are widely believed to have taken place under the command of Lebanese politician Elie Hobeika, whose family and fiancée had been murdered by Palestinian militants and left-wing Lebanese militias during the Damour massacre in 1976, itself a response to the Karantina massacre of Palestinians and Lebanese Shias at the hands of Christian militias. In total, between 300 and 400 militiamen were involved in the massacre, including some from the South Lebanon Army. As the massacre unfolded, the IDF received reports of atrocities being committed, but did not take any action to stop it. Instead, Israeli troops were stationed at the exits of the area to prevent the camp's residents from leaving and, at the request of the Lebanese Forces, shot flares to illuminate Sabra and Shatila through the night during the massacre.\n\nIn February 1983, an independent commission chaired by Irish diplomat Seán MacBride, assistant to the secretary-general of the United Nations, concluded that the IDF, as the then occupying power over Sabra and Shatila, bore responsibility for the militia's massacre. The commission also stated that the massacre was a form of genocide. Further, in February 1983, the Israeli Kahan Commission found that Israeli military personnel had failed to take serious steps to stop the killings despite being aware of the militia's actions, and deemed that the IDF was indirectly responsible for the events, and forced erstwhile Israeli defense minister Ariel Sharon to resign from his position \"for ignoring the danger of bloodshed and revenge\" during the massacre.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1380138266,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-14T00:58:17Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabra_and_Shatila_massacre","wikidata_qid":"Q208199","wikidata_classes":["massacre","mass murder"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"hand_picked":true,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q208484","label":"Lebanese Civil War","id":"lebanese-civil-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"1982-lebanon-war","title":"1982 Lebanon War","date_start":"1982-06-06"},{"id":"1983-us-embassy-bombing-in-beirut","title":"1983 US embassy bombing in Beirut","date_start":"1983-04-18"},{"id":"1983-beirut-barracks-bombings","title":"1983 Beirut barracks bombings","date_start":"1983-10-23"},{"id":"tel-al-zaatar-massacre","title":"Tel al-Zaatar massacre","date_start":"1976-08-12"},{"id":"damour-massacre","title":"Damour massacre","date_start":"1976-01-20"}],"nearby":[{"id":"2024-hezbollah-headquarters-strike","title":"2024 Hezbollah headquarters strike","date_start":"2024-09-27","km":1.4,"bearing":158},{"id":"assassination-of-saleh-al-arouri","title":"Assassination of Saleh al-Arouri","date_start":"2024-01-02","km":1.6,"bearing":112},{"id":"2015-beirut-bombings","title":"2015 Beirut bombings","date_start":"2015-11-12","km":1.7,"bearing":164},{"id":"2021-beirut-clashes","title":"2021 Beirut clashes","date_start":"2021-10-14","km":1.7,"bearing":59},{"id":"siege-of-beirut","title":"Siege of Beirut","date_start":"1982-06-14","km":3,"bearing":3}],"same_time":[{"id":"ankara-esenboga-airport-attack","title":"Ankara Esenboğa Airport attack","date_start":"1982-08-07"},{"id":"dujail-massacre","title":"Dujail massacre","date_start":"1982-07-08"},{"id":"operation-mole-cricket-19","title":"Operation Mole Cricket 19","date_start":"1982-06-09"},{"id":"operation-beit-ol-moqaddas","title":"Operation Beit ol-Moqaddas","date_start":"1982-05-24"},{"id":"battle-of-khorramshahr-1982","title":"Battle of Khorramshahr (1982)","date_start":"1982-04-24"}]}},"siege-of-kut":{"extract":"The siege of Kut Al Amara (7 December 1915 – 29 April 1916), also known as the first battle of Kut, was the besieging of an 8,000-strong British Indian Army garrison in the town of Kut, 160 km (100 mi) south of Baghdad, by the Ottoman Army. In 1915, its population was around 6,500. Following the surrender of the garrison on 29 April 1916, the survivors of the siege were marched to imprisonment at Aleppo, during which many died. Historian Christopher Catherwood has called the siege \"the worst defeat of the Allies in World War I\". Ten months later, the British Indian Army, consisting almost entirely of newly recruited troops from Western India, conquered Kut, Baghdad and other regions in between in the fall of Baghdad.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1381469616,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-22T18:49:03Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Kut","wikidata_qid":"Q815166","wikidata_classes":["siege"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q18937","label":"Mesopotamian campaign","id":"mesopotamian-campaign"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"battle-of-ctesiphon-1915","title":"Battle of Ctesiphon (1915)","date_start":"1915-11-22"},{"id":"battle-of-wadi-1916","title":"Battle of Wadi (1916)","date_start":"1916-01-13"},{"id":"battle-of-qurna","title":"Battle of Qurna","date_start":"1914-12-03"},{"id":"battle-of-basra-1914","title":"Battle of Basra (1914)","date_start":"1914-11-11"},{"id":"battles-of-ramadi-1917","title":"Battles of Ramadi (1917)","date_start":"1917-01-01"}],"same_time":[{"id":"treaty-of-darin","title":"Treaty of Darin","date_start":"1915-12-26"},{"id":"erzurum-offensive","title":"Erzurum offensive","date_start":"1916-01-10"},{"id":"trebizond-campaign","title":"Trebizond Campaign","date_start":"1916-02-05"},{"id":"urfa-resistance","title":"Urfa resistance","date_start":"1915-09-29"},{"id":"sykes-picot-agreement","title":"Sykes–Picot Agreement","date_start":"1916-05-16"}]}},"zilan-massacre":{"extract":"The Zilan massacre was the massacre of thousands of Kurdish civilians by the Turkish Land Forces in the Zilan Valley of Van Province on 12/13 July 1930, during the Ararat rebellion in Ağrı Province.\n\nThe massacre took place to the north of the town of Erciş on Lake Van. It was carried out by the IX Corps of the Third Army under the command of Ferik (Lieutenant General) Salih Omurtak. The number of people killed in the massacre ranges from 4,500 women and elderly to 15,000 rebels per Cumhuriyet.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1361235802,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-06-26T16:08:28Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zilan_massacre","wikidata_qid":"Q202951","wikidata_classes":["massacre"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"nearby":[{"id":"battle-of-manzikert-1915","title":"Battle of Manzikert (1915)","date_start":"1915-01-01","km":37.5,"bearing":120}]}},"battle-of-khorramshahr-1982":{"extract":"The Second Battle of Khorramshahr, also known in Iran as the Liberation of Khorramshahr (Persian: آزادسازی خرمشهر, romanized: Âzâdsâzī-ye Khorramshahr) was the Iranian recapture of the city of Khorramshahr on 24 May 1982, during the Iran–Iraq War. The city had been captured by the Iraqis earlier in the war, on 26 October 1980, shortly after the Iraqi invasion of Iran. The successful retaking of the city was part of Iran's Operation Beit ol-Moqaddas. It is perceived as a turning point in the war; and the liberation of the city is annually celebrated in Iran on 24 May.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1381165089,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-20T11:38:02Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Khorramshahr_(1982)","wikidata_qid":"Q814223","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":true,"note":"Uses the Iranian framing \"Liberation of Khorramshahr\" (the city was Iranian territory retaken); the Iraqi side is absent.","highlights":["Liberation of Khorramshahr"]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[{"text":"Liberation of Khorramshahr","kind":"fairness"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q82664","label":"Iran–Iraq War","id":"iran-iraq-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"operation-beit-ol-moqaddas","title":"Operation Beit ol-Moqaddas","date_start":"1982-05-24"},{"id":"operation-fath-ol-mobin","title":"Operation Fath ol-Mobin","date_start":"1982-03-22"},{"id":"operation-tariq-al-quds","title":"Operation Tariq al-Quds","date_start":"1981-12-07"},{"id":"h-3-airstrike","title":"H-3 airstrike","date_start":"1981-04-04"},{"id":"operation-nasr","title":"Operation Nasr","date_start":"1981-01-01"}],"nearby":[{"id":"battle-of-khorramshahr-1980","title":"Battle of Khorramshahr (1980)","date_start":"1980-09-22","km":0,"bearing":0},{"id":"cinema-rex-fire","title":"Cinema Rex fire","date_start":"1978-08-19","km":14.9,"bearing":138},{"id":"siege-of-abadan","title":"Siege of Abadan","date_start":"1980-11-06","km":15.1,"bearing":138},{"id":"battle-of-basra-1914","title":"Battle of Basra (1914)","date_start":"1914-11-11","km":15.6,"bearing":263}],"same_time":[{"id":"1982-lebanon-war","title":"1982 Lebanon War","date_start":"1982-06-06"},{"id":"operation-mole-cricket-19","title":"Operation Mole Cricket 19","date_start":"1982-06-09"},{"id":"siege-of-beirut","title":"Siege of Beirut","date_start":"1982-06-14"},{"id":"dujail-massacre","title":"Dujail massacre","date_start":"1982-07-08"},{"id":"ankara-esenboga-airport-attack","title":"Ankara Esenboğa Airport attack","date_start":"1982-08-07"}]}},"2013-egyptian-coup-d-etat":{"extract":"On July 3, 2013, then-President of Egypt Mohamed Morsi was overthrown by a coup d'etat led by Egyptian army chief General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, who led a coalition to remove Morsi from power and suspend the Egyptian constitution of 2012. The move came after an ultimatum that the government \"resolve its differences\" with protesters during widespread national protests. Morsi and Muslim Brotherhood leaders, were placed under house arrest and Chief Justice of the Supreme Constitutional Court Adly Mansour was declared interim president of Egypt. The announcement was followed by demonstrations and clashes between supporters and opponents of the move throughout Egypt.\n\nThere were mixed international reactions to the events. Most Arab leaders were generally supportive or neutral, with the exception of Qatar, Tunisia and the SNC who strongly condemned the military's actions. The US avoided describing the action as a coup. Other states either condemned or expressed concern over the removal of Morsi. Due to the regulations of the African Union regarding the interruption of constitutional rule by a member state, Egypt was suspended from that union.\n\nEnsuing protests in favour of Morsi were violently suppressed culminating with the dispersal and massacre of pro-Morsi sit-ins on 14 August 2013, amid ongoing unrest; journalists and several hundred protestors were killed by police and military force. Muslim Brotherhood members claim 2,600 people were killed. Human Rights Watch documented a minimum of 904 deaths, describing it as crimes against humanity and \"one of the world's largest killings of demonstrators in a single day in recent history,\" while the government puts the figure at 624.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1380722147,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-17T12:56:50Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Egyptian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat","wikidata_qid":"Q13605743","wikidata_classes":["coup d'état"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":true,"findings":[{"guideline":"NPOV","guideline_name":"Avoid stating opinions as facts","shortcut":"WP:YESPOV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3ANeutral_point_of_view&oldid=1370393267#Explanation","phrase":"was overthrown by a coup d'etat","note":"The defining sentence calls Morsi's removal \"a coup d'etat\" in Wikipedia's own voice. The summary itself shows the dispute (the US \"avoided describing the action as a coup\") and the African Union's response."},{"guideline":"SAID","guideline_name":"Synonyms for \"said\"","shortcut":"MOS:SAID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AManual_of_Style%2FWords_to_watch&oldid=1376702503#Synonyms_for_said","phrase":"Muslim Brotherhood members claim 2,600 people were killed","note":"The Muslim Brotherhood's figure is introduced with \"claim\", while Human Rights Watch \"documented\" and the government \"puts\" its figures."}],"highlights":["was overthrown by a coup d'etat","Muslim Brotherhood members claim 2,600 people were killed"]},"highlights":[{"text":"was overthrown by a coup d'etat","kind":"wording"},{"text":"Muslim Brotherhood members claim 2,600 people were killed","kind":"wording"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q3720660","label":"2012–2013 Egyptian protests","id":"2012-2013-egyptian-protests"}],"related":{"nearby":[{"id":"port-said-stadium-riot","title":"Port Said Stadium riot","date_start":"2012-02-01","km":1.7,"bearing":305},{"id":"battle-of-romani","title":"Battle of Romani","date_start":"1916-08-03","km":44.3,"bearing":133}],"same_time":[{"id":"2013-iranian-presidential-election","title":"2013 Iranian presidential election","date_start":"2013-06-14"},{"id":"iranian-intervention-in-the-syrian-civil-war","title":"Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war","date_start":"2013-06-09"},{"id":"gezi-park-protests","title":"Gezi Park protests","date_start":"2013-05-28"},{"id":"rabaa-massacre","title":"Rabaa massacre","date_start":"2013-08-14"},{"id":"ghouta-chemical-attack","title":"Ghouta chemical attack","date_start":"2013-08-21"}]}},"assassination-of-ali-khamenei":{"extract":"On 28 February 2026, Ali Khamenei, the supreme leader of Iran, was assassinated in Tehran as part of a series of Israeli airstrikes aimed at high-ranking Iranian officials. Khamenei's death was confirmed by the Iranian government on 1 March. His death occurred on the first day of the 2026 Iran war, as part of a wider joint operation by Israel and the United States using strategic locations intelligence from the US's Central Intelligence Agency to determine the whereabouts of several leaders. Satellite imagery suggested that Khamenei's residence in the city was severely damaged during the attack.\n\nFollowing initial Israeli reports that Khamenei had been killed in the operation, US president Donald Trump and Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu stated that Khamenei was dead. After Iranian state media confirmed his death, the government announced 40 days of mourning and seven days of public holiday. The Fars News Agency announced that Khamenei's daughter, granddaughter, son-in-law and daughter-in-law had also been killed in the strikes. Despite an initial announcement that Khamenei's wife, Mansoureh Khojasteh Bagherzadeh, had died from her injuries on 2 March, Fars reported on 12 March that she was still alive.\n\nReactions to Khamenei's death in Iran were mixed. While many civilians went out to celebrate in the streets, thousands of others gathered in mourning. Protests against the 2026 Iran war occurred in multiple countries. Iranian diaspora members around the world participated in joyful gatherings.\n\nA previous plan to assassinate Khamenei by Israel during the Twelve-Day War on 15 June 2025 was vetoed by Trump, according to unnamed US officials.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1376714463,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-25T20:48:41Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Ali_Khamenei","wikidata_qid":"Q138507700","wikidata_classes":["assassination","airstrike","decapitation strike"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q138503695","label":"2026 Iran War","id":"2026-iran-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"2026-minab-school-attack","title":"2026 Minab school attack","date_start":"2026-02-28"},{"id":"united-arab-emirates-in-the-2026-iran-war","title":"United Arab Emirates in the 2026 Iran war","date_start":"2026-02-28"},{"id":"2026-lebanon-war","title":"2026 Lebanon war","date_start":"2026-03-02"},{"id":"sinking-of-iris-dena","title":"Sinking of IRIS Dena","date_start":"2026-03-04"}],"nearby":[{"id":"assassination-of-ali-larijani","title":"Assassination of Ali Larijani","date_start":"2026-03-17","km":0,"bearing":0},{"id":"tehran-conference","title":"Tehran Conference","date_start":"1943-11-28","km":1.6,"bearing":62},{"id":"2011-british-embassy-in-iran-attack","title":"2011 British Embassy in Iran attack","date_start":"2011-11-29","km":1.9,"bearing":75},{"id":"2017-tehran-attacks","title":"2017 Tehran attacks","date_start":"2017-06-07","km":2.3,"bearing":78},{"id":"iran-hostage-crisis","title":"Iran hostage crisis","date_start":"1979-11-04","km":2.9,"bearing":52}],"same_time":[{"id":"2026-iranian-supreme-leader-election","title":"2026 Iranian supreme leader election","date_start":"2026-03-08"},{"id":"2026-northeastern-syria-offensive","title":"2026 northeastern Syria offensive","date_start":"2026-01-13"},{"id":"2026-onikisubat-school-shooting","title":"2026 Onikişubat school shooting","date_start":"2026-04-15"},{"id":"prelude-to-the-2026-iran-war","title":"Prelude to the 2026 Iran war","date_start":"2026-01-13"},{"id":"fall-of-aden-2026","title":"Fall of Aden (2026)","date_start":"2026-01-07"}]}},"operation-dani":{"extract":"Operation Dani, also spelled Danny, was an Israeli military offensive launched on July 9–19, 1948 at the end of the first truce of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. The objectives were to capture territory east of Tel Aviv and then to push inland and relieve the Jewish population and forces in Jerusalem. The main forces fighting against the IDF were the Arab Legion and Palestinian irregulars\n\nOn 10 July, Glubb Pasha ordered the defending Arab Legion troops to \"make arrangements ... for a phony war\".\n\nThe operation commander was Yigal Allon and his deputy was Yitzhak Rabin. The total force numbered around 6,000 soldiers.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1372784173,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-02T06:57:11Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Dani","wikidata_qid":"Q2916659","wikidata_classes":["military operation"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"year","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q49092","label":"1948 Arab–Israeli War","id":"1948-arab-israeli-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"battles-of-latrun-1948","title":"Battles of Latrun (1948)","date_start":"1948-05-24"},{"id":"operation-pleshet","title":"Operation Pleshet","date_start":"1948-05-29"},{"id":"operation-yoav","title":"Operation Yoav","date_start":"1948-10-15"},{"id":"operation-hiram","title":"Operation Hiram","date_start":"1948-10-29"},{"id":"operation-horev","title":"Operation Horev","date_start":"1948-12-22"}]}},"1979-khuzestan-insurgency":{"extract":"The 1979 Khuzestan uprising was one of the nationwide uprisings in Iran which erupted in the aftermath of the Iranian Revolution. The unrest was fed by Arab demands for autonomy. The uprising was effectively quelled by Iranian security forces, resulting in more than a hundred people on both sides killed.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1375000933,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-15T08:13:19Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979_Khuzestan_insurgency","wikidata_qid":"Q12182813","wikidata_classes":["rebellion"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"month","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q137885050","label":"1979 Iranian ethnic unrest"}]},"2023-gaza-war-ceasefire":{"extract":"A temporary ceasefire between Israel and Hamas-led Palestinian militant groups in the Gaza Strip took effect from 24 November 2023 to 30 November 2023, during the Gaza war.\n\nThe initial agreement, mediated by Qatar, stipulated a four-day break in fighting during which 50 Israeli hostages held in Gaza and 150 Palestinian prisoners in Israel were to be released and more humanitarian aid will be allowed to enter Gaza, with the ceasefire subject to extension providing additional hostages are released. On 27 November, Qatari Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced a two-day extension to the ceasefire was agreed in which 20 Israelis and 60 Palestinians would be released. Close to the end of the first extension, on 30 November, another one day extension to the truce was agreed upon by both sides. The mediators in Qatar and in Egypt reported they worked to negotiate a further extension of the truce.\n\nThe deal was welcomed internationally, including by the United States, which also supported the deal's extensions. Both sides have blamed each other for violating the ceasefire. On 1 December, the truce ended with Hamas alleging that Israel rejected a hostage exchange deal to prolong the truce, and Hamas then launched rockets into Sderot. Israel responded with air raids on Gaza with the Gaza Health Ministry reporting 20 deaths. By 2 December negotiations had broken down, with the Israeli delegation leaving Qatar following an impasse and Hamas announcing they will not release any more hostages until the end of the war. The US blamed Hamas for violating the truce and the terms of the ceasefire.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1374556072,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-12T19:40:52Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Gaza_war_ceasefire","wikidata_qid":"Q123509933","wikidata_classes":["ceasefire"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q122962941","label":"Gaza War","id":"2023-israel-hamas-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"al-shifa-hospital-siege","title":"Al-Shifa Hospital siege","date_start":"2023-11-01"},{"id":"church-of-saint-porphyrius-airstrike","title":"Church of Saint Porphyrius airstrike","date_start":"2023-10-19"},{"id":"al-ahli-arab-hospital-explosion","title":"Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion","date_start":"2023-10-17"},{"id":"al-shati-refugee-camp-airstrikes","title":"Al-Shati refugee camp airstrikes","date_start":"2023-10-12"},{"id":"battle-of-re-im","title":"Battle of Re'im","date_start":"2023-10-07"}],"same_time":[{"id":"2023-egyptian-presidential-election","title":"2023 Egyptian presidential election","date_start":"2023-12-10"},{"id":"killing-of-alon-shamriz-yotam-haim-and-samer-talalka","title":"Killing of Alon Shamriz, Yotam Haim, and Samer Talalka","date_start":"2023-12-15"},{"id":"operation-prosperity-guardian","title":"Operation Prosperity Guardian","date_start":"2023-12-18"},{"id":"red-sea-crisis","title":"Red Sea crisis","date_start":"2023-10-19"},{"id":"attacks-on-us-bases-during-the-middle-eastern-crisis-2023-present","title":"Attacks on US bases during the Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)","date_start":"2023-10-18"}]}},"september-2024-israeli-attacks-against-lebanon":{"extract":"On 23 September 2024, Israel began a series of airstrikes in Lebanon as part of the ongoing Israel–Hezbollah conflict with an operation it code-named Northern Arrows. Since then, Israel's attacks have killed over 800 people, injured more than 5,000, and displaced hundreds of thousands of Lebanese civilians. The attacks are the deadliest in Lebanon since the end of the Lebanese Civil War, and began five days after Israel performed a deadly pager and walkie-talkie attack on devices intended for Hezbollah members, and three days after Israel performed an airstrike on an apartment complex in Beirut which killed Redwan Force commander Ibrahim Aqil as well as 54 others.\n\nThe deadliest day was 23 September, when Israeli attacks killed 558 people, including 50 children and 94 women. Additionally, Israel hit 14 ambulances and fire engines, killing four emergency responders and wounding 16 other medics. The attacks caused chaos among Lebanese civilians, forming traffic jams as they attempted to flee. Hundreds of schools were converted into shelters, where NGOs and volunteers worked to meet the needs of the displaced, as the Lebanese government struggled to provide adequate support. More than 50,000 people fled from Lebanon to Syria.\n\nA US Department of State official said the US did not see Israel's reported strategy of \"escalate to de-escalate\" as being effective. Lebanese Prime Minister Najib Mikati called the attacks a \"war of extermination\" and accused Israel of trying to destroy Lebanese villages and towns. Governments and human rights organizations have called for de-escalation. Israel has rejected these calls and has said it will continue the attacks.\n\nOn 27 September 2024, Israel air strikes assassinated Hassan Nasrallah, who was the Secretary-General of Hezbollah. On 1 October, Israel invaded Lebanon. On 27 November, a ceasefire agreement between Israel and Lebanon went into effect, although some attacks continue.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1368398366,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-08T21:00:00Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_2024_Israeli_attacks_against_Lebanon","wikidata_qid":"Q130354504","wikidata_classes":["military operation","counter-terrorist operation"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":true,"note":"Details the casualties and Lebanon's \"war of extermination\" charge but leaves out Hezbollah's year of rocket fire that preceded the campaign.","highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q122974556","label":"Hezbollah–Israel conflict (2023–present)","id":"2024-israel-hezbollah-conflict"},{"qid":"Q124373310","label":"Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)","id":"middle-eastern-crisis-2023-present"}],"includes":[{"id":"2024-hezbollah-headquarters-strike","title":"2024 Hezbollah headquarters strike","date_start":"2024-09-27"},{"id":"2024-lebanon-war","title":"2024 Lebanon war","date_start":"2024-10-01"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"20-september-2024-beirut-attack","title":"20 September 2024 Beirut attack","date_start":"2024-09-20"},{"id":"2024-lebanon-electronic-device-attacks","title":"2024 Lebanon electronic device attacks","date_start":"2024-09-18"},{"id":"assassination-of-ismail-haniyeh","title":"Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh","date_start":"2024-07-31"},{"id":"majdal-shams-attack","title":"Majdal Shams attack","date_start":"2024-07-27"},{"id":"2024-israel-lebanon-ceasefire-agreement","title":"2024 Israel–Lebanon ceasefire agreement","date_start":"2024-11-27"}],"same_time":[{"id":"october-2024-iranian-strikes-on-israel","title":"October 2024 Iranian strikes on Israel","date_start":"2024-10-01"},{"id":"killing-of-yahya-sinwar","title":"Killing of Yahya Sinwar","date_start":"2024-10-16"},{"id":"turkish-aerospace-industries-headquarters-attack","title":"Turkish Aerospace Industries headquarters attack","date_start":"2024-10-23"},{"id":"october-2024-israeli-strikes-on-iran","title":"October 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran","date_start":"2024-10-26"},{"id":"2024-syrian-opposition-offensives","title":"2024 Syrian opposition offensives","date_start":"2024-11-27"}]}},"1946-turkish-general-election":{"extract":"General elections were held in Turkey on 21 July 1946, the first multi-party general elections in the country's history. The multiple non-transferable vote electoral system was used. The result was a victory for the Republican People's Party, which won 395 of the 465 seats. This election was held on the basis of open voting, secret counting and majority system, with the exception of judicial supervision (open vote, secret classification). Due to these irregularities, it has also been referred to as a \"fraudulent election\".","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1361135394,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-06-25T21:46:27Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1946_Turkish_general_election","wikidata_qid":"Q1162921","wikidata_classes":["legislative election in Turkey","public election"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"king-david-hotel-bombing","title":"King David Hotel bombing","date_start":"1946-07-22"}]}},"kurdistan-workers-party-insurgency":{"extract":"From 1978 until 2025, the Republic of Turkey was in an armed conflict with the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) (Kurdish: Partiya Karkerên Kurdistanê) as well as its allied insurgent groups, both Kurdish and non-Kurdish. The initial core demand of the PKK was its separation from Turkey to create an independent Kurdistan. In 2010, the PKK abandoned separatism in favor of autonomy and/or greater political and cultural rights for Kurds inside the Republic of Turkey.\n\nAlthough most of the conflict took place in Northern Kurdistan, which corresponded with southeastern Turkey, the Kurdish-Turkish conflict spread to many other regions. The PKK's presence in Iraqi Kurdistan resulted in the Turkish Armed Forces carrying out frequent ground incursions and air and artillery strikes in the region, and its influence in Syrian Kurdistan led to similar activity there. The conflict cost the economy of Turkey an estimated $300 to 450 billion, mostly in military costs. It also had negative effects on tourism in Turkey.\n\nA revolutionary group, the PKK was founded in 1978 in the village of Fis, Lice by a group of Kurdish students led by Abdullah Öcalan. The initial reason given by the PKK for this was the oppression of Kurds in Turkey. At the time, the use of Kurdish language, dress, folklore, and names were banned in Kurdish-inhabited areas. In an attempt to deny their existence, the Turkish government categorized Kurds as \"Mountain Turks\" during the 1930s and 1940s. The words \"Kurds\", \"Kurdistan\", or \"Kurdish\" were officially banned by the Turkish government. Following the military coup of 1980, the Kurdish language was officially prohibited in public and private life until 1991. Many who spoke, published, or sang in Kurdish were arrested and imprisoned.\n\nThe PKK was formed in an effort to establish linguistic, cultural, and political rights for Turkey's Kurdish minority. However, the full-scale insurgency did not begin until 15 August 1984, when the PKK announced a Kurdish uprising. Between 1984 and 2012, an estimated 40,000 had died, the majority of whom were Turkish Kurdish civilians. Both sides were accused of numerous human rights abuses. The European Court of Human Rights has condemned Turkey for thousands of human rights abuses. Many judgments are related to the systematic executions of Kurdish civilians, torture, forced displacements, destroyed villages, arbitrary arrests, and the forced disappearance or murder of Kurdish journalists, activists and politicians. Teachers who provided and students who demanded education in Kurdish language were prosecuted and sentenced for supporting terrorism of the PKK. Similarly, the PKK had faced international condemnation, mainly by Turkish allies, for using terrorist tactics, which include civilian massacres, summary executions, suicide bombers, and child soldiers, and involvement in drug trafficking.\n\nIn February 1999, PKK leader Abdullah Öcalan was arrested in Nairobi, Kenya by a group of special forces personnel and taken to Turkey, where he remains in prison on an island in the Sea of Marmara. The first insurgency lasted until March 1993, when the PKK declared a unilateral ceasefire. Fighting resumed the same year. In 2013, the Turkish government started talks with Öcalan. Following mainly secret negotiations, a largely successful ceasefire was put in place by both the Turkish state and the PKK. On 21 March 2013, Öcalan announced the \"end of armed struggle\" and a ceasefire with peace talks.\n\nThe rise of Islamic State on Turkey's southern border illuminated diverging interests and ignited new tensions. In response to Islamic State's 2015 Suruç bombing on Turkish soil, the Ceylanpınar incidents saw the killing of two Turkish police officers by suspected PKK militants and the return to open conflict. Subsequently, the conflict resulted in about 8,000 killed in Turkey alone, with about 20,000 more in Syria and Iraq due to Turkish military operations. Numerous human rights violations occurred, including torture and widespread destruction of property. Substantial parts of many Kurdish-majority cities including Diyarbakır, Şırnak, Mardin, Cizre, Nusaybin, and Yüksekova were destroyed in the clashes or external operations.\n\nNew peace process discussions began in 2024. In early 2025, Öcalan called PKK to disarm. On 12 May 2025, the PKK announced its full dissolution to favor political means. However, Turkey's military will continue operations against the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) in regions where it remains active, despite the group's announcement of its dissolution.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1379196879,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-08T14:05:26Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers'_Party_insurgency","wikidata_qid":"Q619749","wikidata_classes":["ethnic conflict","armed conflict","conflict"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"month","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":true,"note":"Details Turkey's abuses through European Court of Human Rights rulings, while the PKK's attacks on civilians appear only as condemnation \"mainly by Turkish allies\". It does not mention that the PKK is designated a terrorist organisation by the US and the European Union as well as Turkey.","highlights":["mainly by Turkish allies"]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[{"text":"mainly by Turkish allies","kind":"fairness"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q6445763","label":"Kurdish–Turkish conflict","id":"kurdish-turkish-conflict"}],"includes":[{"id":"june-2016-istanbul-bombing","title":"June 2016 Istanbul bombing","date_start":"2016-06-07"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"2008-turkish-incursion-into-northern-iraq","title":"2008 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq","date_start":"2008-02-21"},{"id":"dersim-massacre","title":"Dersim massacre","date_start":"1937-05-01"},{"id":"ararat-rebellion","title":"Ararat rebellion","date_start":"1927-10-01"},{"id":"sheikh-said-rebellion","title":"Sheikh Said rebellion","date_start":"1925-02-13"}]}},"2010-iraqi-parliamentary-election":{"extract":"Parliamentary elections were held in Iraq on 7 March 2010. The elections decided the 325 members of the Council of Representatives who would elect the prime minister and president. The elections resulted in a partial victory for the Iraqi National Movement, led by former Interim Prime Minister Ayad Allawi, which won 91 seats, making it the largest alliance in the Council. The State of Law Coalition, led by incumbent Prime Minister Nouri Al-Maliki, was the second largest grouping with 89 seats.\n\nPrior to the election, the Supreme Court in Iraq ruled that the existing electoral law/rule was unconstitutional, and a new elections law made changes in the electoral system. On 15 January 2010, the Independent High Electoral Commission (IHEC) banned 499 candidates from the election due to alleged links with the Ba'ath Party. Before the start of the campaign on 12 February 2010, IHEC confirmed that the appeals by banned candidates had been rejected and thus all 456 banned candidates would not be allowed to run for the election.\n\nThe turnout was low (62.4%) compared to the elections of 2005 (79.6%). There were numerous allegations of fraud, and a recount of the votes in Baghdad was ordered on 19 April 2010. On 14 May IHEC announced that after 11,298 ballot boxes had been recounted, there was no sign of fraud or violations.\n\nThe new parliament opened on 14 June 2010. After months of fraught negotiations, an agreement was reached on the formation of a new government on 11 November. Talabani would continue as president, Al-Maliki would stay on as prime minister and Allawi would head a new security council.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1373015537,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-03T14:34:33Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Iraqi_parliamentary_election","wikidata_qid":"Q1398554","wikidata_classes":["Iraqi parliamentary election","public election"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"2009-iranian-presidential-election-protests","title":"2009 Iranian presidential election protests","date_start":"2010-02-11"},{"id":"2010-gaza-flotilla-raid","title":"2010 Gaza flotilla raid","date_start":"2010-05-31"},{"id":"zurich-protocols","title":"Zurich Protocols","date_start":"2009-10-10"}]}},"battle-of-tal-afar-2017":{"extract":"The Battle of Tal Afar was an offensive announced on 20 August 2017 by Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi in order to liberate the Tal Afar region from the Islamic State (IS). Victory in the battle was declared by the Prime Minister al-Abadi following the capture of the last IS-held area in Tal Afar district.\n\nThe offensive was concurrent with the Raqqa campaign conducted by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) against IS's capital city and stronghold in Syria, as well as the Central Syria Campaign, by the Syrian Arab Army to capture IS territory towards Deir ez-Zor.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1370590428,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-22T00:36:02Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tal_Afar_(2017)","wikidata_qid":"Q37426009","wikidata_classes":["offensive","armed conflict"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q17984356","label":"Iraqi Civil War of 2014–2017","id":"war-in-iraq-2013-2017"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"battle-of-mosul-2016-2017","title":"Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)","date_start":"2016-10-16"},{"id":"2016-karrada-bombing","title":"2016 Karrada bombing","date_start":"2016-07-03"},{"id":"iskandariya-suicide-bombing","title":"Iskandariya suicide bombing","date_start":"2016-03-25"},{"id":"second-battle-of-tikrit","title":"Second Battle of Tikrit","date_start":"2015-03-02"},{"id":"battle-of-zumar","title":"Battle of Zumar","date_start":"2014-08-01"}],"same_time":[{"id":"2017-kurdistan-region-independence-referendum","title":"2017 Kurdistan Region independence referendum","date_start":"2017-09-25"},{"id":"battle-of-kirkuk-2017","title":"Battle of Kirkuk (2017)","date_start":"2017-10-15"},{"id":"battle-of-raqqa-2017","title":"Battle of Raqqa (2017)","date_start":"2017-10-17"},{"id":"2017-sinai-mosque-attack","title":"2017 Sinai mosque attack","date_start":"2017-11-24"},{"id":"2017-tehran-attacks","title":"2017 Tehran attacks","date_start":"2017-06-07"}]}},"december-2019-united-states-airstrikes-in-iraq-and-syria":{"extract":"On 29 December 2019, the United States conducted airstrikes against Kata'ib Hezbollah's weapons depots and command centers in Iraq and Syria, reportedly killing at least 25 militiamen and wounding 55 more. The U.S. Department of Defense said the operation was in retaliation for repeated attacks on Iraqi military bases hosting Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) coalition forces, particularly the 27 December 2019 attack on a Kirkuk airbase that left an American civilian contractor dead. Kata'ib Hezbollah, an extremist Shi'ite militia funded by Iran, denied any responsibility for the attacks.\n\nThe unilateral U.S. airstrikes were condemned by the Iraqi government, Iraqi Armed Forces personnel, and Iran, and culminated in the U.S. embassy in Baghdad being attacked by Iraqi militiamen and their supporters on 31 December 2019. This in turn led to a U.S. airstrike near Baghdad International Airport on 3 January 2020, killing Iranian general Qasem Soleimani and Kata'ib Hezbollah commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1368865024,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-11T14:20:59Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_2019_United_States_airstrikes_in_Iraq_and_Syria","wikidata_qid":"Q26847124","wikidata_classes":["offensive","drone warfare","armed conflict","airstrike","bombardment"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"year","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":true,"findings":[{"guideline":"LABEL","guideline_name":"Contentious labels","shortcut":"MOS:LABEL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AManual_of_Style%2FWords_to_watch&oldid=1376702503#Contentious_labels","phrase":"an extremist Shi'ite militia","note":"Uses \"extremist\" for Kata'ib Hezbollah in Wikipedia's own voice, without saying who uses the label."}],"highlights":["an extremist Shi'ite militia"]},"highlights":[{"text":"an extremist Shi'ite militia","kind":"wording"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q65920364","label":"Persian Gulf crisis (2019–2020)"},{"qid":"Q178810","label":"Syrian Civil War","id":"syrian-civil-war"},{"qid":"Q57890365","label":"Islamic State insurgency in Iraq","id":"iraqi-insurgency-2017-present"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"syria-missile-strikes-september-2018","title":"Syria missile strikes (September 2018)","date_start":"2018-09-17"},{"id":"abqaiq-khurais-attack","title":"Abqaiq–Khurais attack","date_start":"2019-09-14"},{"id":"northwestern-syria-offensive-2019-2020","title":"Northwestern Syria offensive (2019–2020)","date_start":"2019-12-19"},{"id":"attack-on-the-united-states-embassy-in-baghdad","title":"Attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad","date_start":"2019-12-31"},{"id":"assassination-of-qasem-soleimani","title":"Assassination of Qasem Soleimani","date_start":"2020-01-03"}],"nearby":[{"id":"2016-karrada-bombing","title":"2016 Karrada bombing","date_start":"2016-07-03","km":2.3,"bearing":97},{"id":"battle-of-baghdad-2003","title":"Battle of Baghdad (2003)","date_start":"2003-01-01","km":2.9,"bearing":53},{"id":"2010-baghdad-church-siege","title":"2010 Baghdad church siege","date_start":"2010-10-31","km":2.9,"bearing":72},{"id":"nisour-square-massacre","title":"Nisour Square massacre","date_start":"2007-09-16","km":3.7,"bearing":276},{"id":"january-2021-baghdad-bombings","title":"January 2021 Baghdad bombings","date_start":"2021-01-21","km":3.9,"bearing":23}]}},"2024-homs-offensive":{"extract":"The 2024 Homs offensive was a military operation launched by forces of the Syrian Salvation Government (SSG) during the 2024 Syrian opposition offensive, a phase of the Syrian Civil War. The operation was launched by the Military Operations Command following its capture of Hama on 5 December 2024 during the 2024 Hama offensive. The offensive ended in the city being captured by opposition forces on the night of 7/8 December after government forces abandoned the city.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1375763415,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-19T22:45:02Z","data_fixes":[{"ref":"F10","anchor":"f10---three-more-month-precision-start-dates-pinned-to-the-1st-same-cause-as-f7-f8"}],"wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Homs_offensive","wikidata_qid":"Q131392292","wikidata_classes":["offensive","armed conflict"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q131364168","label":"Operation Dawn of Freedom"}],"related":{"nearby":[{"id":"siege-of-homs","title":"Siege of Homs","date_start":"2011-05-06","km":0.7,"bearing":247},{"id":"2012-homs-offensive","title":"2012 Homs offensive","date_start":"2012-04-14","km":0.7,"bearing":247},{"id":"2023-homs-drone-strike","title":"2023 Homs drone strike","date_start":"2023-10-05","km":3.4,"bearing":309},{"id":"houla-massacre","title":"Houla massacre","date_start":"2012-05-25","km":25.2,"bearing":312},{"id":"2017-shayrat-missile-strike","title":"2017 Shayrat missile strike","date_start":"2017-04-07","km":32,"bearing":146}],"same_time":[{"id":"fall-of-damascus-2024","title":"Fall of Damascus (2024)","date_start":"2024-12-07"},{"id":"fall-of-the-assad-regime","title":"Fall of the Assad regime","date_start":"2024-12-08"},{"id":"israeli-invasion-of-syria-2024-present","title":"Israeli invasion of Syria (2024–present)","date_start":"2024-12-08"},{"id":"2024-hama-offensive","title":"2024 Hama offensive","date_start":"2024-11-30"},{"id":"southern-syria-offensive-2024","title":"Southern Syria offensive (2024)","date_start":"2024-11-29"}]}},"2026-yemen-offensives":{"extract":"On 3 September 2026, the Houthis launched an offensive against the Saudi-backed and UN recognized Presidential Leadership Council (PLC), the internationally recognized government of Yemen, amid the ongoing Yemeni civil war. Clashes began in Taiz Governorate, prompting a PLC counter-offensive against the Houthis in the Al-Jawf and Al-Bayda governorates.\n\nThe fighting coincides with the ongoing 2026 Iran war, which has marked the deadliest fighting in Yemen since the collapse of the 2022 ceasefire. The Yemeni government lost areas around the Bab al-Mandab Strait in Yemen's southwest after a swift battle over Mokha, resulting in a crisis with the entire west coast of Yemen (except for the Midi district) falling under control of the Houthi movement, who named the operation as Operation Allah is Stronger in Might and More Severe in Punishment. The counteroffensive of the PLC against the Houthis was named Operation Dawn of Yemen.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-10","wikipedia_revid":1381717561,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-24T09:28:56Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Yemen_offensives","wikidata_qid":"Q141349562","wikidata_classes":["conflict","civil war","armed conflict"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q19686631","label":"Yemeni Civil War","id":"yemeni-civil-war-2014-present"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"red-sea-crisis","title":"Red Sea crisis","date_start":"2023-10-19"},{"id":"2022-abu-dhabi-attack","title":"2022 Abu Dhabi attack","date_start":"2022-01-17"},{"id":"2020-aden-airport-attack","title":"2020 Aden airport attack","date_start":"2020-12-30"},{"id":"houthi-saudi-conflict","title":"Houthi–Saudi conflict","date_start":"2015-04-02"},{"id":"saudi-arabian-led-intervention-in-yemen","title":"Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war","date_start":"2015-03-26"}],"same_time":[{"id":"mecca-joint-defence-agreement","title":"Mecca Joint Defence Agreement","date_start":"2026-08-07"},{"id":"2026-israeli-legislative-election","title":"2026 Israeli legislative election","date_start":"2026-10-27"},{"id":"2026-ankara-nato-summit","title":"2026 Ankara NATO summit","date_start":"2026-07-07"},{"id":"2026-onikisubat-school-shooting","title":"2026 Onikişubat school shooting","date_start":"2026-04-15"},{"id":"assassination-of-ali-larijani","title":"Assassination of Ali Larijani","date_start":"2026-03-17"}]}}}