{"1936-39-arab-revolt-in-palestine":{"extract":"A popular uprising by Palestinian Arabs in Mandatory Palestine against the British administration, known as the Great Revolt, and later the Great Palestinian Revolt or the Palestinian Revolution, lasted from 1936 until 1939. The movement sought independence from British colonial rule and the end of British support for Zionism, including Jewish immigration and land sales to Jews.\n\nThe uprising occurred during a peak in the influx of European Jewish immigrants, and with the growing plight of the rural fellahin rendered landless, who as they moved to metropolitan centres to escape their abject poverty found themselves socially marginalized. Since the Battle of Tel Hai in 1920, Jews and Arabs had been involved in a cycle of attacks and counter-attacks, and the immediate spark for the uprising was the murder of two Jews by a Qassamite band, and the retaliatory killing by Jewish gunmen of two Arab labourers, incidents which triggered a flare-up of violence across Palestine. A month into the disturbances, Amin al-Husseini, president of the Arab Higher Committee and Mufti of Jerusalem, declared 16 May 1936 as \"Palestine Day\" and called for a general strike. David Ben-Gurion, leader of the Yishuv, described Arab causes as fear of growing Jewish economic power, opposition to mass Jewish immigration and fear of the British identification with Zionism.\n\nThe general strike lasted from April to October 1936. The revolt is often analysed in terms of two distinct phases. The first phase began as spontaneous popular resistance, which was seized on by the urban bourgeois Arab Higher Committee, giving the movement an organized shape that was focused mainly on strikes and other forms of political protest, in order to secure a political result. By October 1936, this phase had been defeated by the British civil administration using a combination of political concessions, international diplomacy (involving the rulers of Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Transjordan and Yemen) and the threat of martial law. The second phase, which began late in 1937, was a peasant-led resistance movement provoked by British repression in 1936 in which increasingly British forces were targeted as the army itself increasingly targeted the villages it thought supportive of the revolt. During this phase, the rebellion was brutally suppressed by the British Army and the Palestine Police Force using repressive measures that were intended to intimidate the whole population and undermine popular support for the revolt. A more dominant role on the Arab side was taken by the Nashashibi clan, whose NDP party quickly withdrew from the rebel Arab Higher Committee, led by the radical faction of Amin al-Husseini, and instead sided with the British – dispatching \"Fasail al-Salam\" (the \"Peace Bands\") in coordination with the British Army against nationalist and Jihadist Arab \"Fasail\" units (literally \"bands\").\n\nAccording to official British figures covering the whole revolt, the army and police killed more than 2,000 Arabs in combat, 108 were hanged, and 961 died because of what they described as \"gang and terrorist activities\". In an analysis of the British statistics, Walid Khalidi estimates 19,792 casualties for the Arabs, with 5,032 dead: 3,832 killed by the British and 1,200 dead due to intracommunal terrorism, and 14,760 wounded. By one estimate, ten percent of the adult male Palestinian Arab population between 20 and 60 was killed, wounded, imprisoned or exiled. Estimates of the number of Palestinian Jews killed are up to several hundred.\n\nThe Arab revolt in Mandatory Palestine was unsuccessful, and its consequences affected the outcome of the 1948 Palestine war. It caused the British Mandate to give crucial support to pre-state Zionist militias like the Haganah, whereas on the Palestinian Arab side, the revolt forced the main Palestinian Arab leader of the period, al-Husseini, into exile.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1380620568,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-16T21:57:50Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine","wikidata_qid":"Q46057","wikidata_classes":["rebellion","armed conflict"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"country-fallback:Israel/Palestine","text_from_article":null,"hand_picked":true,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":true,"note":"Arab casualties are given in detail while Jewish deaths are a vague \"up to several hundred\"; attacks on Jews are barely described.","highlights":["up to several hundred"]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[{"text":"up to several hundred","kind":"fairness"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q2992527","label":"Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"1929-palestine-riots","title":"1929 Palestine riots","date_start":"1929-08-23"},{"id":"jaffa-riots-may-1921","title":"Jaffa riots (May 1921)","date_start":"1921-05-01"},{"id":"battle-of-tel-hai","title":"Battle of Tel Hai","date_start":"1920-03-01"}]}},"2020-beirut-explosion":{"extract":"On 4 August 2020, a major explosion occurred in Beirut, Lebanon, caused by the ignition of 2,750 tonnes of ammonium nitrate. The chemical, confiscated in 2014 from the cargo ship MV Rhosus and stored at the Port of Beirut without adequate safety measures for six years, detonated after a fire broke out in a nearby warehouse. The explosion resulted in at least 218 deaths, 7,000 injuries, and approximately 300,000 displaced people, alongside property damage estimated at US$15 billion. The blast released energy comparable to 1.1 kilotons of TNT, ranking it among the most powerful non-nuclear explosions ever recorded and the largest single detonation of ammonium nitrate.\n\nThe explosion generated a seismic event measuring 3.3 in magnitude, as reported by the United States Geological Survey. Its effects were felt in Lebanon and neighbouring regions, including Syria, Israel, and Cyprus, over 240 km (150 mi) away. Scientific studies noted that the shockwave temporarily disrupted Earth's ionosphere. Adjacent grain silos at the Port of Beirut sustained major damage. In July and August 2022, two years after the explosion, portions of the silos collapsed following fires caused by remaining grain stocks.\n\nThe Lebanese government declared a two-week state of emergency in response to the disaster. Protests, which had been ongoing since 2019, grew in scale, leading to the resignation of Prime Minister Hassan Diab and his cabinet on 10 August 2020. Claims surfaced suggesting Hezbollah's possible connection to the explosion, citing unverified reports of weapons stored at the site. Hezbollah denied the allegations but participated in demonstrations opposing the official investigation.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1380223648,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-14T14:29:07Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Beirut_explosion","wikidata_qid":"Q98073118","wikidata_classes":["industrial disaster","explosion","industrial fire"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"hand_picked":true,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":"Shown as \"political\", a group assigned by hand when the event was added; the explosion was an industrial accident.","data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"nearby":[{"id":"1973-israeli-raid-in-lebanon","title":"1973 Israeli raid in Lebanon","date_start":"1973-01-01","km":1,"bearing":99},{"id":"karantina-massacre","title":"Karantina massacre","date_start":"1976-01-18","km":1,"bearing":99},{"id":"battle-of-beirut-1912","title":"Battle of Beirut (1912)","date_start":"1912-02-24","km":1.7,"bearing":199},{"id":"siege-of-beirut","title":"Siege of Beirut","date_start":"1982-06-14","km":2.2,"bearing":233},{"id":"assassination-of-rafic-hariri","title":"Assassination of Rafic Hariri","date_start":"2005-02-14","km":2.3,"bearing":272}],"same_time":[{"id":"2020-syrian-parliamentary-election","title":"2020 Syrian parliamentary election","date_start":"2020-07-19"},{"id":"2020-iranian-legislative-election","title":"2020 Iranian legislative election","date_start":"2020-09-11"},{"id":"abraham-accords","title":"Abraham Accords","date_start":"2020-09-15"},{"id":"bahrain-israel-normalization-agreement","title":"Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement","date_start":"2020-09-15"},{"id":"israel-united-arab-emirates-normalization-agreement","title":"Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement","date_start":"2020-09-15"}]}},"battle-of-holy-apostles-monastery":{"extract":"The Battle of Holy Apostles Monastery was an armed conflict between Ottoman Empire forces and Armenian militia at the Holy Apostles (Arakhelots) Monastery near Mush, Ottoman Empire in November 1901.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1370443157,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-21T03:51:32Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Holy_Apostles_Monastery","wikidata_qid":"Q4871242","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"battle-of-riyadh","title":"Battle of Riyadh","date_start":"1902-01-13"}]}},"hula-massacre":{"extract":"The Hula massacre took place between 31 October and 1 November 1948 in Hula, a village in Lebanon 3 km west of Kibbutz Manara, not far from the Litani River. It was captured on October 24 by the Carmeli Brigade of the Israel Defense Forces without any resistance. The women and children were expelled, most of the men aged between 15 and 60 were shot. In total between 35 and 58 men were executed in a house which was later blown up on top of them. 67 names of martyrs from the massacre appear on the monument in the village of Hula. One Israeli officer was tried and convicted by a military court and sentenced to seven years in prison, though this sentence was reduced to one year on appeal.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1360161157,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-06-19T16:38:46Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hula_massacre","wikidata_qid":"Q1452633","wikidata_classes":["massacre"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"nearby":[{"id":"kiryat-shmona-massacre","title":"Kiryat Shmona massacre","date_start":"1974-04-11","km":4.8,"bearing":91},{"id":"avivim-school-bus-bombing","title":"Avivim school bus bombing","date_start":"1970-05-22","km":19.3,"bearing":207},{"id":"qana-massacre","title":"Qana massacre","date_start":"1996-04-18","km":20.3,"bearing":268},{"id":"2006-qana-airstrike","title":"2006 Qana airstrike","date_start":"2006-07-30","km":20.3,"bearing":269},{"id":"safsaf-massacre","title":"Safsaf massacre","date_start":"1948-10-29","km":23.8,"bearing":196}],"same_time":[{"id":"eilabun-massacre","title":"Eilabun massacre","date_start":"1948-10-30"},{"id":"al-dawayima-massacre","title":"Al-Dawayima massacre","date_start":"1948-10-29"},{"id":"operation-hiram","title":"Operation Hiram","date_start":"1948-10-29"},{"id":"operation-yoav","title":"Operation Yoav","date_start":"1948-10-15"},{"id":"operation-horev","title":"Operation Horev","date_start":"1948-12-22"}]}},"battle-of-zumar":{"extract":"The Battle of Zumar was fought between the Islamic State and Kurdish Peshmerga troops over the city of Zumar in Nineveh province in northern Iraq. It started when IS launched an offensive on Zummar from 1–4 August 2014, resulting in its capture. On 25 October, after US airstrikes, Kurdish Peshmerga troops succeeded in recapturing the city, after an unsuccessful attempt to hold it in September.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1374239294,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-10T19:03:24Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Zumar","wikidata_qid":"Q17480732","wikidata_classes":["battle"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikipedia","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q17984356","label":"Iraqi Civil War of 2014–2017","id":"war-in-iraq-2013-2017"},{"qid":"Q17984373","label":"Northern Iraq offensive"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"sinjar-massacre","title":"Sinjar massacre","date_start":"2014-08-01"},{"id":"first-battle-of-tikrit","title":"First Battle of Tikrit","date_start":"2014-06-26"},{"id":"islamic-state-invasion-of-iraq","title":"Islamic State invasion of Iraq","date_start":"2014-06-05"},{"id":"fall-of-mosul","title":"Fall of Mosul","date_start":"2014-06-04"},{"id":"second-battle-of-tikrit","title":"Second Battle of Tikrit","date_start":"2015-03-02"}],"nearby":[{"id":"simele-massacre","title":"Simele massacre","date_start":"1933-08-01","km":31.1,"bearing":44},{"id":"battle-of-tal-afar-2017","title":"Battle of Tal Afar (2017)","date_start":"2017-09-02","km":34.3,"bearing":203}],"same_time":[{"id":"2014-turkish-presidential-election","title":"2014 Turkish presidential election","date_start":"2014-08-10"},{"id":"siege-of-deir-ez-zor-2014-2017","title":"Siege of Deir ez-Zor (2014–2017)","date_start":"2014-07-14"},{"id":"siege-of-kobani","title":"Siege of Kobanî","date_start":"2014-09-15"},{"id":"yemeni-civil-war-2014-present","title":"Yemeni civil war (2014–present)","date_start":"2014-09-16"},{"id":"operation-chammal","title":"Opération Chammal","date_start":"2014-09-19"}]}},"iskandariya-suicide-bombing":{"extract":"A suicide bomber blew himself up in a crowd after a local football game in the village of al-Asriya, near Iskandariya in the Babil Governorate, in a mixed Sunni-Shiite area on 25 March 2016. The bombing killed at least 41 people and wounded more than 105. The Mayor Ahmed Shaker was among those killed in the explosion; he succumbed to his wounds in a hospital. The Islamic State claimed responsibility for attack, claiming those targeted were members of the Popular Mobilization Forces.\n\nThe bombing occurred as trophies were being presented after a football tournament. According to eyewitnesses, the bomber went through the crowd to approach the centre and blew himself up during the mayor's presentation of the awards. Many of the victims were young boys; according to an Iraqi official, at least 17 boys between the ages of 10 and 16 were killed.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1357121459,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-05-31T21:38:55Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iskandariya_suicide_bombing","wikidata_qid":"Q23542317","wikidata_classes":["terrorist attack","suicide bombing","bomb attack"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":"wikidata","text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q17984356","label":"Iraqi Civil War of 2014–2017","id":"war-in-iraq-2013-2017"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"2016-karrada-bombing","title":"2016 Karrada bombing","date_start":"2016-07-03"},{"id":"battle-of-mosul-2016-2017","title":"Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)","date_start":"2016-10-16"},{"id":"second-battle-of-tikrit","title":"Second Battle of Tikrit","date_start":"2015-03-02"},{"id":"battle-of-tal-afar-2017","title":"Battle of Tal Afar (2017)","date_start":"2017-09-02"},{"id":"battle-of-zumar","title":"Battle of Zumar","date_start":"2014-08-01"}],"same_time":[{"id":"march-2016-istanbul-bombing","title":"March 2016 Istanbul bombing","date_start":"2016-03-19"},{"id":"march-2016-ankara-bombing","title":"March 2016 Ankara bombing","date_start":"2016-03-13"},{"id":"palmyra-offensive-march-2016","title":"Palmyra offensive (March 2016)","date_start":"2016-03-09"},{"id":"2016-syrian-parliamentary-election","title":"2016 Syrian parliamentary election","date_start":"2016-04-13"},{"id":"2016-iranian-legislative-election","title":"2016 Iranian legislative election","date_start":"2016-02-25"}]}},"treaty-of-darin":{"extract":"The Treaty of Darin, or the Darin Pact, of 1915 was made between the United Kingdom and Abdulaziz Al Saud (sometimes called Ibn Saud), ruler of the Emirate of Nejd and Hasa, who founded the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1344115142,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-03-18T12:04:12Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Darin","wikidata_qid":"Q7837031","wikidata_classes":["treaty"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"erzurum-offensive","title":"Erzurum offensive","date_start":"1916-01-10"},{"id":"battle-of-wadi-1916","title":"Battle of Wadi (1916)","date_start":"1916-01-13"},{"id":"siege-of-kut","title":"Siege of Kut","date_start":"1915-12-07"},{"id":"battle-of-ctesiphon-1915","title":"Battle of Ctesiphon (1915)","date_start":"1915-11-22"},{"id":"trebizond-campaign","title":"Trebizond Campaign","date_start":"1916-02-05"}]}},"operation-badr-1973":{"extract":"Operation Badr (Arabic: عملية بدر ʻAmaliyat Badr), also known as Plan Badr (خطة بدر Khitat Badr), was an Egyptian military offensive and operation across the Suez Canal that destroyed the Bar-Lev Line, a chain of Israeli fortifications along the frontline of the Israeli-occupied Sinai Peninsula, on 6 October 1973. It was launched in conjunction with a Syrian military offensive against the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, triggering the Yom Kippur War. During the War of Attrition, which preceded Operation Badr, both Egypt and Syria (previously constituents of the United Arab Republic) had been seeking to recover the territories that Israel had captured from them during the 1967 Arab–Israeli War.\n\nThe Egyptians had begun preparing for the offensive with training exercises in 1968, followed by operational planning from 1971 onward, including a deceptive operation. In the opening stages of the attack, known as \"the crossing\" (العبور al-'obour), Egyptian combat engineers utilized water cannons to rapidly clear numerous passages through the sand wall lining the eastern bank of the Suez Canal, simultaneously laying bridges and operating ferries that allowed armoured vehicles to cross into Israeli-controlled territory.\n\nIsrael's military was surprised by the scale of the attack, and by 7 October, the Egyptians had completed their crossing; the Israelis' eastern bank was captured and occupied by five Egyptian infantry divisions, which subsequently established defensive positions on bridgeheads spanning the 160-kilometre (99 mi) frontline. Following a lull in the fighting on 7 October, Israeli armour reserves arrived at the Suez Canal and launched a counterattack against the Egyptians opposite to the city of Ismailia. However, Egypt's military was successful in employing anti-tank weapons to repel the Israeli assault and advanced once more. By the end of 8 October, Egypt had occupied a strip of territory along the entire eastern bank of the Suez Canal to a depth of approximately 15 kilometres (9.3 mi).\n\nIn addition to the crossing, Egypt had successfully implemented a naval blockade against Israel in the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. Though Israel ultimately was able to halt the Egyptian advance and begin a counterattack in the southern Suez Canal, the sweeping success of Egyptian troops in the initial stages of the conflict, including Operation Badr, is specially commemorated by the 6th of October Panorama in Egypt's Cairo and by the October War Panorama in Syria's Damascus. In Cairo, the 6th of October Bridge is named for the date on which Operation Badr commenced.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1379665537,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-11T05:28:59Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Badr_(1973)","wikidata_qid":"Q2704666","wikidata_classes":["military operation"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"year","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":true,"note":"Told from the Egyptian side (\"the sweeping success of Egyptian troops\", the commemorations); the Israeli counter-offensive gets one clause.","highlights":["the sweeping success of Egyptian troops"]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[{"text":"the sweeping success of Egyptian troops","kind":"fairness"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q49100","label":"Yom Kippur War","id":"yom-kippur-war"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"battle-of-the-chinese-farm","title":"Battle of the Chinese Farm","date_start":"1973-01-01"},{"id":"ofira-air-battle","title":"Ofira Air Battle","date_start":"1973-10-06"},{"id":"battle-of-latakia","title":"Battle of Latakia","date_start":"1973-10-07"},{"id":"battle-of-baltim","title":"Battle of Baltim","date_start":"1973-10-09"},{"id":"valley-of-tears","title":"Valley of Tears","date_start":"1973-10-09"}]}},"2025-massacres-of-syrian-alawites":{"extract":"A series of mass killings and massacres against Alawite people occurred in Syria from 6 March 2025 to 17 March 2025, with a resurgence in early April. Estimates of the death toll range from about 1,000 to 2,000, with some sources saying the majority of the victims were civilians. The attacks were carried out by armed groups aligned with the Syrian caretaker government, at least some of whom were engaged in a counter-insurgency operation against armed remnants of the former Assad regime in the aftermath of the Syrian Civil War.\n\nThe targeting of Alawites was justified by the conflation of \"regime remnants\" with Alawite people in general, as the Assad family are themselves Alawites, had favored Alawites for government positions during their rule, and had positioned themselves as protectors of the Alawite community despite significant opposition from within it. The violence included many alleged cases of gunmen showing up at civilians' homes, asking them whether they were Alawite or Sunni, and then killing them if they answered \"Alawite\". Various parties have characterized this targeting of Alawites as a genocide or the potential leadup to one.\n\nEspecially deadly massacres began in early March 2025 in Latakia Governorate, where, according to the SOHR, Syrian security forces killed hundreds of civilians over the span of two days, including 52 Alawite individuals in the towns of Al-Mukhtariya and Al-Shir in rural Latakia alone. These events took place during a period of heightened tensions and armed clashes between Syrian transitional government forces and militants that are loyal to former Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, as described by Syrian authorities. Despite assurances by new government officials that minorities would be safe in the new Syria, Alawite communities have been subject to a number of massacres since December 2024.\n\nNumerous perpetrators were suspected, including the Transitional Government's General Security Service and other former-HTS units and Turkish-backed militias such as the Sultan Suleiman Shah Division. In March 2025, Syrian president Ahmed al-Sharaa denied responsibility for the attacks. In his speech, al-Sharaa said that \"remnants of the former regime\" had no choice but to surrender immediately as he vowed to hold accountable \"anyone involved in civilian bloodshed\". He later promised to punish the perpetrators, saying that Assad loyalists and associated foreign powers committed the killings with the aim of destabilizing the Syrian state and restarting the civil war. In July 2025, an investigative committee submitted two lists of suspects to courts and announced its findings in a press conference. The committee's press conference did not attribute any responsibility for the massacres to Transitional Government forces.\n\nOn 10 March 2025, the Syrian government announced the end of counter-insurgency operations after expelling pro-Assad insurgents from \"vital centres\" and re-establishing control over most of the roadways in the coastal region. Despite al-Sharaa's statements, sectarian killings and kidnappings continued in Syria as of late 2025, with many cases remaining without charges for the perpetrators.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-09-26","wikipedia_revid":1378883279,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-06T18:22:33Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_massacres_of_Syrian_Alawites","wikidata_qid":"Q133187598","wikidata_classes":["massacre","genocide"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q131575509","label":"Western Syria clashes (December 2024–present)"}],"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"march-may-2025-united-states-attacks-in-yemen","title":"March–May 2025 United States attacks in Yemen","date_start":"2025-03-15"},{"id":"march-2025-israeli-attacks-on-the-gaza-strip","title":"March 2025 Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip","date_start":"2025-03-18"},{"id":"2025-2026-turkish-protests","title":"2025–2026 Turkish protests","date_start":"2025-03-19"},{"id":"rafah-paramedic-massacre","title":"Rafah paramedic massacre","date_start":"2025-03-23"},{"id":"january-2025-gaza-war-ceasefire","title":"January 2025 Gaza war ceasefire","date_start":"2025-01-15"}]}},"1977-israeli-legislative-election":{"extract":"Legislative elections were held in Israel on 17 May 1977 to elect the ninth Knesset. For the first time in Israeli political history, the right wing, led by Likud, won a plurality of seats, ending almost 30 years of rule by the left-wing Alignment and its predecessor, Mapai. The dramatic shift in Israeli politics caused by the outcome led to it becoming known as \"the upheaval\" (Hebrew: המהפך, HaMahapakh), a phrase coined by TV anchor Haim Yavin when he announced the election results live on television with the words \"Ladies and gentlemen—an upheaval!\" (Hebrew: !גבירותי ורבותי—מהפך, Gvirotai veRabotai—Mahapakh!). The election saw the beginning of a period lasting almost two decades where the left- and right-wing blocs held roughly equal numbers of seats in the Knesset.\n\nVoter turnout was 79%.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1367573198,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-08-03T22:26:28Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Israeli_legislative_election","wikidata_qid":"Q2917062","wikidata_classes":["Israeli legislative election","public election"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false}},"israeli-occupation-of-southern-lebanon-1982-2000":{"extract":"Israel occupied Southern Lebanon from 1982 until 2000. In June 1982, Israel invaded Lebanon in response to attacks from southern Lebanon by Palestinian militants. The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) occupied the southern half of Lebanon as far as the capital city Beirut, together with allied Maronite Christian paramilitaries involved in the Lebanese Civil War. The IDF left Beirut on 29 September 1982, but continued to occupy the country's southern half. Amid rising casualties from guerrilla attacks, the IDF withdrew south to the Awali river on 3 September 1983.\n\nFrom February to April 1985, the IDF carried out a phased withdrawal to a \"Security Zone\" along the border, which it said was to protect northern Israel. From this point onwards, Israel supported the South Lebanon Army (SLA), the Lebanese Christian paramilitary, against Hezbollah and other Muslim militants. They fought a guerrilla war in Southern Lebanon throughout the occupation.\n\nThe Security Zone covered about 800 square kilometres (310 sq mi), roughly 10% of Lebanon's land area. It ran the length of the Israel-Lebanon border and reached between 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to 20 kilometres (12 mi) deep into Lebanon. It was home to about 180,000 people – 6% of Lebanon's population – living in around a hundred villages and small towns. In 1993, it was estimated that there were 1,000–2,000 Israeli troops and 2,300 SLA troops in the zone. While the IDF oversaw the region's general security, the SLA managed most of the occupied territory's affairs, including the operation of the Khiam detention centre. The SLA also controlled an enclave around Jezzine, just north of the Security Zone.\n\nMost of Israel's Security Zone lay within the area patrolled by United Nations peacekeepers from the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), who had been deployed there since Israel's 1978 invasion.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1378822861,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-06T09:06:09Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_Southern_Lebanon_(1982%E2%80%932000)","wikidata_qid":"Q2910225","wikidata_classes":["military occupation","armed conflict"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q3241199","label":"Israeli–Lebanese conflict","id":"israeli-lebanese-conflict"},{"qid":"Q575187","label":"Israeli-occupied territories"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"israeli-withdrawal-from-lebanon","title":"South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)","date_start":"1985-02-16"},{"id":"1982-lebanon-war","title":"1982 Lebanon War","date_start":"1982-06-06"},{"id":"1978-south-lebanon-conflict","title":"1978 South Lebanon conflict","date_start":"1978-01-01"},{"id":"israeli-occupation-of-the-west-bank","title":"Israeli occupation of the West Bank","date_start":"1967-06-05"},{"id":"2006-lebanon-war","title":"2006 Lebanon War","date_start":"2006-07-12"}],"same_time":[{"id":"iran-israel-proxy-conflict","title":"Iran–Israel proxy conflict","date_start":"1985-02-16"},{"id":"operation-moses","title":"Operation Moses","date_start":"1984-11-21"},{"id":"1985-iranian-presidential-election","title":"1985 Iranian presidential election","date_start":"1985-08-16"}]}},"2002-iraqi-presidential-referendum":{"extract":"A presidential referendum took place in Iraq on October 16, 2002. It was the second presidential election under the rule of Saddam Hussein (the first having taken place in 1995). According to official statistics, the turnout was 100%, with all 11,445,638 Iraqis registered to vote having voted \"yes\" in a referendum whether to support another seven year-term for President Saddam Hussein, which would legally have ended in 2009.\n\nThe referendum is considered to have been fraudulent, and was dismissed as propaganda by the United States and Britain. White House Press Secretary Ari Fleischer said: \"Obviously, it's not a very serious day, not a very serious vote and nobody places any credibility on it\". United States State Department spokesman Richard Boucher called it \"not even worthy of our ridicule\". Foreign election observers were banned from observing the vote, and journalists were confined to a specific area; as such, actual voter turnout could not be estimated. The Washington Post noted that no explanation was given to explain how all the alleged votes were counted overnight. Top Iraqi deputy Izzat Ibrahim affirmed the vote's legitimacy, saying: \"You may like it or not, but this is a truthful figure.\"","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1360377583,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-06-21T03:14:01Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Iraqi_presidential_referendum","wikidata_qid":"Q3454894","wikidata_classes":["presidential election","public election"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"2002-turkish-general-election","title":"2002 Turkish general election","date_start":"2002-11-03"},{"id":"2003-israeli-legislative-election","title":"2003 Israeli legislative election","date_start":"2003-01-28"},{"id":"anbar-campaign-2003-2011","title":"Anbar campaign (2003–2011)","date_start":"2003-03-20"},{"id":"battle-of-al-faw-2003","title":"Battle of Al Faw (2003)","date_start":"2003-03-20"},{"id":"invasion-of-iraq","title":"2003 invasion of Iraq","date_start":"2003-03-20"}]}},"kuwaiti-protests-2011-2012":{"extract":"The Kuwaiti protests refers to the series of 2011–2012 demonstrations for government reforms in the state of Kuwait. In November 2011, the government of Kuwait resigned in response to the protests, making Kuwait one of several countries affected by the Arab Spring to experience major governmental changes due to unrest. The protests began with stateless people (Bedoon).","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1361130752,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-06-25T21:09:22Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwaiti_protests_(2011%E2%80%932012)","wikidata_qid":"Q428733","wikidata_classes":["protest"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"year","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false}},"2012-egyptian-presidential-election":{"extract":"Presidential elections were held in Egypt in 2012, with the first round on 23 and 24 May 2012 and the second on 16 and 17 June. To date, these are the only democratic presidential elections in Egyptian history. The Muslim Brotherhood declared early 18 June 2012 that its candidate Mohamed Morsi had won, the first victory of an Islamist as head of state in the Arab world. It was the second presidential election in Egypt's history with more than one candidate, following the 2005 election, and the first presidential election after the 2011 Egyptian revolution which ousted president Hosni Mubarak, during the Arab Spring. However, Morsi's presidency was brief and short-lived. He later faced massive protests for and against his rule, only to be ousted in a military coup in July the following year.\n\nIn the first round, with a voter turnout of 46%, vote-splitting between the major moderate or pro-democracy candidates created a center squeeze, leading to the elimination of Hamdeen Sabahi and Amr Moussa (the likely majority-preferred candidates) in the first round. The elections set the stage for the divisions that were to follow, along sharia and secular lines, and those opposed to and those supporting the former political elite. Islamist candidates Morsi and Fotouh won roughly 42% of the vote, while the remaining three secular candidates won 56% of the vote. Candidates Shafik and Moussa held positions under the Mubarak regime and won 35% of the vote, while Sabahi was a prominent dissident during the Sadat and Mubarak regimes.\n\nFollowing the second round, with a voter turnout of 52%, on 24 June 2012, Egypt's election commission announced that Muslim Brotherhood candidate Mohamed Morsi had won Egypt's presidential elections. Morsi won by a narrow margin over Ahmed Shafik, the final prime minister under deposed President Hosni Mubarak. The commission said Morsi took 51.7% of the vote versus 48.3% for Shafik. Morsi was sworn in on 30 June 2012. To date, this is the only presidential election in Egyptian history which is broadly considered to have been democratically free and fair. Morsi's victory also marked the first time civilians ruled Egypt since the 1952 coup.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1379328587,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-10-09T07:45:50Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Egyptian_presidential_election","wikidata_qid":"Q861684","wikidata_classes":["Presidential elections in Egypt","public election"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":true,"findings":[{"guideline":"NPOV","guideline_name":"Avoid stating opinions as facts","shortcut":"WP:YESPOV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3ANeutral_point_of_view&oldid=1370393267#Explanation","phrase":"ousted in a military coup","note":"Calls Morsi's removal \"a military coup\" in Wikipedia's own voice; the summary does not attribute the description or mention that his opponents call it a revolution."}],"highlights":["ousted in a military coup"]},"highlights":[{"text":"ousted in a military coup","kind":"wording"}],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"houla-massacre","title":"Houla massacre","date_start":"2012-05-25"},{"id":"battle-of-damascus-2012","title":"Battle of Damascus (2012)","date_start":"2012-07-15"},{"id":"battle-of-aleppo-2012-2016","title":"Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)","date_start":"2012-07-19"},{"id":"rojava-revolution","title":"Rojava Revolution","date_start":"2012-07-19"},{"id":"2012-syrian-parliamentary-election","title":"2012 Syrian parliamentary election","date_start":"2012-05-07"}]}},"turkey-islamic-state-conflict":{"extract":"The Turkey–Islamic State conflict are a series of attacks and clashes between the state of Turkey and the Islamic State. Turkey joined the War against the Islamic State in 2016, after the Islamic State attacks in Turkey. The Turkish Armed Forces' Operation Euphrates Shield was aimed against both the Islamic State and the SDF. Part of Turkish-occupied northern Syria, around Jarabulus and al-Bab, was taken after Turkey drove the Islamic State out of it.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1373613002,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-09-06T22:25:08Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict","wikidata_qid":"Q20743978","wikidata_classes":["armed conflict"],"date_flags":["date_start_year_not_in_lead: start year 2013 (2013-05-11) is not within 1 year of any year in the Wikipedia lead [2016]"],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"part_of":[{"qid":"Q17272643","label":"spillover of the Syrian Civil War"}],"related":{"shared_parent":[{"id":"war-in-iraq-2013-2017","title":"War in Iraq (2013–2017)","date_start":"2014-01-01"},{"id":"august-2016-gaziantep-bombing","title":"August 2016 Gaziantep bombing","date_start":"2016-08-20"},{"id":"2017-tehran-attacks","title":"2017 Tehran attacks","date_start":"2017-06-07"}]}},"2013-iranian-presidential-election":{"extract":"Presidential elections were held in Iran on 14 June 2013. Hassan Rouhani was elected in the first round with over 50% of the vote. Tehran mayor Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf finished second with 17% of the vote. Voter turnout was 73%.\n\nThe Guardian Council screened 680 registered candidates, approving eight to run in the election; Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel, Ali Akbar Velayati, Saeed Jalili, Mohsen Rezaee, Mohammad Gharazi, Hassan Rouhani and Mohammad Reza Aref. Haddad-Adel and Aref later withdrew from the race in the days leading up to the election. Incumbent president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was not able to run for re-election as he was limited to two terms or 8 years in office under the Iranian constitution.","extract_retrieved_at":"2026-10-06","wikipedia_revid":1365468898,"wikipedia_revid_timestamp":"2026-07-22T16:51:39Z","wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Iranian_presidential_election","wikidata_qid":"Q626198","wikidata_classes":["Iranian presidential election","public election"],"date_flags":[],"wikipedia_lead_dates":[],"coordinate_source":null,"text_from_article":null,"date_precision":"day","framing_review":{"fairness":{"found":false,"note":null,"highlights":[]},"wording":{"found":false,"findings":[],"highlights":[]},"highlights":[],"category_note":null,"data_note":null,"disclosure":null,"reviewed_on":"2026-09-30","stale":false},"related":{"same_time":[{"id":"iranian-intervention-in-the-syrian-civil-war","title":"Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war","date_start":"2013-06-09"},{"id":"gezi-park-protests","title":"Gezi Park protests","date_start":"2013-05-28"},{"id":"2013-egyptian-coup-d-etat","title":"2013 Egyptian coup d'état","date_start":"2013-07-03"},{"id":"2013-reyhanl-car-bombings","title":"2013 Reyhanlı car bombings","date_start":"2013-05-11"},{"id":"rabaa-massacre","title":"Rabaa massacre","date_start":"2013-08-14"}]}}}