Category: War, from Wikidata’s class “battle”
Battle of Ctesiphon (1915)
Part of: Mesopotamian campaign
Wikidata classes on our event-class list: battle (all its classes: Wikidata item)
The Battle of Ctesiphon (Turkish: Selman-ı Pak Muharebesi) was fought in November 1915 by the British Empire, against the Ottoman Empire, within the Mesopotamian Campaign of World War I.
Indian Expeditionary Force D, mostly made up of Indian units and under the command of Gen. Sir John Nixon, had met with success in Ottoman Iraq since it had landed at Al-Faw Peninsula upon the Ottoman Empire's declaration of war on 5 November 1914.
One of the primary reasons for initiating the campaign in Mesopotamia was to defend the oil refinery at Abadan at the mouth of the Shatt al-Arab. Adopting a forward defence policy, the British army under General Townshend fought off a series of small Ottoman forces. Then after a year of a string of defeats, the Ottoman forces were able to halt the British advance in two days of hard fighting at Ctesiphon.
Text retrieved 2026-09-26 from Wikipedia.
Cite this
The link is the Wikipedia revision of October 20, 2026 (revision 1381222711), whose lead is exactly the text shown here.
APA 7
Battle of Ctesiphon (1915). (2026, October 20). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Ctesiphon_(1915)&oldid=1381222711
MLA 9
“Battle of Ctesiphon (1915).” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 20 Oct. 2026, en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Ctesiphon_(1915)&oldid=1381222711.
Chicago (note)
Wikipedia, “Battle of Ctesiphon (1915),” last modified October 20, 2026, 20:04 (UTC), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Ctesiphon_(1915)&oldid=1381222711.
Chicago (shortened note)
Wikipedia, “Battle of Ctesiphon (1915).”
Chicago cites well-known reference works such as Wikipedia in notes only, not in the bibliography.
This event on Middle East, 1900–present: https://middleeast.events/event/battle-of-ctesiphon-1915
If you use the map’s borders: CShapes 2.0 - historical country borders. Schvitz, G., et al. (2022). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. https://icr.ethz.ch/data/cshapes/ (modified by middleeast.events); West Bank Areas A/B/C: UN OCHA / HDX "Oslo Agreement" Areas A/B/C (West Bank). Distributed under the legacy HumanitarianResponse.info terms: non-commercial use with credit to UN OCHA. https://data.humdata.org/dataset/state-of-palestine-other-0-0-0-0-0; some corrected border points: GeoNames - CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). https://www.geonames.org/
Text from Wikipedia, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 by Wikipedia contributors, from the article Battle of Ctesiphon (1915). Classes are Wikidata’s labels (CC0). “Part of” is Wikidata’s statement, in its labels (CC0).