Category: Atrocity, from Wikidata’s class “massacre”
Black Friday (1978)
Part of: Iranian Revolution
Wikidata classes on our event-class list: massacre (all its classes: Wikidata item)
Black Friday (Persian: جمعه سیاه, romanized: Jom'e-ye Siyāh) was a mass shooting on 8 September 1978 (17 Shahrivar 1357 in the Solar Hijri calendar) in Pahlavi Iran, during which the Imperial Army of Iran killed 64 civilians and injured 205 in Jaleh Square (Persian: میدان ژاله, romanized: Meydān-e Zhāleh), Tehran. According to Spencer C. Tucker, 30 government security forces were also killed. The deaths were a pivotal event in the Iranian Revolution that ended any "hope for compromise" between the protest movement and the regime of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
Text retrieved 2026-09-26 from Wikipedia.
Cite this
The link is the Wikipedia revision of June 8, 2026 (revision 1358420060), whose lead is exactly the text shown here.
APA 7
Black Friday (1978). (2026, June 8). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(1978)&oldid=1358420060
MLA 9
“Black Friday (1978).” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 8 June 2026, en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(1978)&oldid=1358420060.
Chicago (note)
Wikipedia, “Black Friday (1978),” last modified June 8, 2026, 15:47 (UTC), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black_Friday_(1978)&oldid=1358420060.
Chicago (shortened note)
Wikipedia, “Black Friday (1978).”
Chicago cites well-known reference works such as Wikipedia in notes only, not in the bibliography.
This event on Middle East, 1900–present: https://middleeast.events/event/black-friday-1978
If you use the map’s borders: CShapes 2.0 - historical country borders. Schvitz, G., et al. (2022). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. https://icr.ethz.ch/data/cshapes/ (modified by middleeast.events); West Bank Areas A/B/C: UN OCHA / HDX "Oslo Agreement" Areas A/B/C (West Bank). Distributed under the legacy HumanitarianResponse.info terms: non-commercial use with credit to UN OCHA. https://data.humdata.org/dataset/state-of-palestine-other-0-0-0-0-0; some corrected border points: GeoNames - CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). https://www.geonames.org/
No map location: Wikipedia and Wikidata give no coordinates for this event, so it has no marker on the map.
Text from Wikipedia, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 by Wikipedia contributors, from the article Black Friday (1978). Classes are Wikidata’s labels (CC0). “Part of” is Wikidata’s statement, in its labels (CC0).