Category: War, from Wikidata’s classes “armed conflict”, “airstrike”, “bombardment”
December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria
Part of: Persian Gulf crisis (2019–2020) Wikidata, Syrian Civil War, Islamic State insurgency in Iraq
Wikidata classes on our event-class list: armed conflict, airstrike, bombardment (all its classes: Wikidata item)
Our framing review found something in this summary: wording check (1 wording point). The words in question are highlighted. Read the review
On 29 December 2019, the United States conducted airstrikes against Kata'ib Hezbollah's weapons depots and command centers in Iraq and Syria, reportedly killing at least 25 militiamen and wounding 55 more. The U.S. Department of Defense said the operation was in retaliation for repeated attacks on Iraqi military bases hosting Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) coalition forces, particularly the 27 December 2019 attack on a Kirkuk airbase that left an American civilian contractor dead. Kata'ib Hezbollah, an extremist Shi'ite militia funded by Iran, denied any responsibility for the attacks.
The unilateral U.S. airstrikes were condemned by the Iraqi government, Iraqi Armed Forces personnel, and Iran, and culminated in the U.S. embassy in Baghdad being attacked by Iraqi militiamen and their supporters on 31 December 2019. This in turn led to a U.S. airstrike near Baghdad International Airport on 3 January 2020, killing Iranian general Qasem Soleimani and Kata'ib Hezbollah commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis.
Text retrieved 2026-10-06 from Wikipedia.
Cite this
The link is the Wikipedia revision of August 11, 2026 (revision 1368865024), whose lead is exactly the text shown here.
APA 7
December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria. (2026, August 11). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=December_2019_United_States_airstrikes_in_Iraq_and_Syria&oldid=1368865024
MLA 9
“December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 11 Aug. 2026, en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=December_2019_United_States_airstrikes_in_Iraq_and_Syria&oldid=1368865024.
Chicago (note)
Wikipedia, “December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria,” last modified August 11, 2026, 14:20 (UTC), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=December_2019_United_States_airstrikes_in_Iraq_and_Syria&oldid=1368865024.
Chicago (shortened note)
Wikipedia, “December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria.”
Chicago cites well-known reference works such as Wikipedia in notes only, not in the bibliography.
This event on Middle East, 1900–present: https://middleeast.events/event/december-2019-united-states-airstrikes-in-iraq-and-syria
If you use the map’s borders: CShapes 2.0 - historical country borders. Schvitz, G., et al. (2022). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. https://icr.ethz.ch/data/cshapes/ (modified by middleeast.events); West Bank Areas A/B/C: UN OCHA / HDX "Oslo Agreement" Areas A/B/C (West Bank). Distributed under the legacy HumanitarianResponse.info terms: non-commercial use with credit to UN OCHA. https://data.humdata.org/dataset/state-of-palestine-other-0-0-0-0-0; some corrected border points: GeoNames - CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). https://www.geonames.org/
Text from Wikipedia, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 by Wikipedia contributors, from the article December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria. Classes are Wikidata’s labels (CC0). “Part of” is Wikidata’s statement, in its labels (CC0).