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Ottoman entry into World War I
The Ottoman Empire's entry into World War I began on 29 October 1914 when two recently purchased ships of its navy, which were still crewed by German sailors and commanded by their German admiral, carried out the Black Sea Raid, a surprise attack against Russian ports. Russia replied by declaring war on 1 November 1914. Russia's allies, Britain and France, declared war on the Ottoman Empire on 5 November 1914. The reasons for the Ottoman action were not immediately clear. The Ottoman government had declared neutrality in the war and negotiations with both sides were underway.
The decision would ultimately lead to the deaths of hundreds of thousands of Ottoman citizens, the Armenian genocide, the dissolution of the empire, and the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate.
Text retrieved 2026-09-26 from Wikipedia.
Cite this
The link is the Wikipedia revision of July 16, 2026 (revision 1364420052), whose lead is exactly the text shown here.
APA 7
Ottoman entry into World War I. (2026, July 16). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_entry_into_World_War_I&oldid=1364420052
MLA 9
“Ottoman entry into World War I.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 16 July 2026, en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_entry_into_World_War_I&oldid=1364420052.
Chicago (note)
Wikipedia, “Ottoman entry into World War I,” last modified July 16, 2026, 12:00 (UTC), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_entry_into_World_War_I&oldid=1364420052.
Chicago (shortened note)
Wikipedia, “Ottoman entry into World War I.”
Chicago cites well-known reference works such as Wikipedia in notes only, not in the bibliography.
This event on Middle East, 1900–present: https://middleeast.events/event/ottoman-entry-into-world-war-i
If you use the map’s borders: CShapes 2.0 - historical country borders. Schvitz, G., et al. (2022). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. https://icr.ethz.ch/data/cshapes/ (modified by middleeast.events); West Bank Areas A/B/C: UN OCHA / HDX "Oslo Agreement" Areas A/B/C (West Bank). Distributed under the legacy HumanitarianResponse.info terms: non-commercial use with credit to UN OCHA. https://data.humdata.org/dataset/state-of-palestine-other-0-0-0-0-0; some corrected border points: GeoNames - CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). https://www.geonames.org/
Approximate location: no coordinates were found for this event, so its marker is placed at the one reference point used for every such event of Turkey (Ankara), whatever its date. The marker shows the country, not where the event happened, and says nothing about the status of that city.
Hand-picked event: it is on this project’s own list of events, and its dates and countries were typed by hand for that list, so they can differ from Wikidata’s.
Text from Wikipedia, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 by Wikipedia contributors, from the article Ottoman entry into World War I.