Category: War, from Wikidata’s class “battle”
Siege of Adrianople (1912–1913)
Part of: First Balkan War Wikidata
Wikidata classes on our event-class list: battle (all its classes: Wikidata item)
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The siege of Adrianople (Bulgarian: oбсада на Одрин, obsada na Odrin; Serbian: oпсада Једрена, opsada Jedrena; Turkish: Edirne kuşatması), was fought during the First Balkan War. The siege began on 3 November 1912 and ended on 26 March 1913 with the capture of Edirne (Adrianople) by the Bulgarian 2nd Army and the Serbian 2nd Army.
The loss of Edirne delivered the final decisive blow to the Ottoman army and brought the First Balkan War to an end. A treaty was signed in London on 30 May. The city was reoccupied and retained by the Ottomans during the Second Balkan War.
The victorious end of the siege was considered to be an enormous military success because the city's defenses had been carefully developed by leading German siege experts and called 'undefeatable'. The allies, after five months of siege and two bold night attacks, took the Ottoman stronghold.
The victors were under the overall command of Bulgarian General Nikola Ivanov while the commander of the Bulgarian forces on the eastern sector of the fortress was General Georgi Vazov, the brother of the famous Bulgarian writer Ivan Vazov and of General Vladimir Vazov.
The early use of an airplane for bombing took place during the siege; the Bulgarians dropped special hand grenades from one or more airplanes in an effort to cause panic among the Ottoman soldiers. Many young Bulgarian officers and professionals who took part in this decisive battle would later play important roles in Bulgarian politics, culture, commerce and industry.
Text retrieved 2026-09-26 from Wikipedia.
Cite this
The link is the Wikipedia revision of October 17, 2026 (revision 1380702250), whose lead is exactly the text shown here.
APA 7
Siege of Adrianople (1912–1913). (2026, October 17). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Adrianople_(1912%E2%80%931913)&oldid=1380702250
MLA 9
“Siege of Adrianople (1912–1913).” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 17 Oct. 2026, en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Adrianople_(1912%E2%80%931913)&oldid=1380702250.
Chicago (note)
Wikipedia, “Siege of Adrianople (1912–1913),” last modified October 17, 2026, 09:43 (UTC), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Adrianople_(1912%E2%80%931913)&oldid=1380702250.
Chicago (shortened note)
Wikipedia, “Siege of Adrianople (1912–1913).”
Chicago cites well-known reference works such as Wikipedia in notes only, not in the bibliography.
This event on Middle East, 1900–present: https://middleeast.events/event/siege-of-adrianople-1912-1913
If you use the map’s borders: CShapes 2.0 - historical country borders. Schvitz, G., et al. (2022). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. https://icr.ethz.ch/data/cshapes/ (modified by middleeast.events); West Bank Areas A/B/C: UN OCHA / HDX "Oslo Agreement" Areas A/B/C (West Bank). Distributed under the legacy HumanitarianResponse.info terms: non-commercial use with credit to UN OCHA. https://data.humdata.org/dataset/state-of-palestine-other-0-0-0-0-0; some corrected border points: GeoNames - CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). https://www.geonames.org/
Text from Wikipedia, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 by Wikipedia contributors, from the article Siege of Adrianople (1912–1913). Classes are Wikidata’s labels (CC0). “Part of” is Wikidata’s statement, in its labels (CC0).