Category: Treaty, from Wikidata’s class “treaty”
Treaty of Saadabad
The Treaty of Saadabad (or the Saadabad Pact) was a non-aggression pact signed by Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Afghanistan on 8 July 1937, and lasted for five years. The treaty was signed in Tehran's Saadabad Palace and was part of an initiative for greater Middle Eastern-oriental relations spearheaded by King Mohammed Zahir Shah of Afghanistan. Ratifications were exchanged in Tehran on 25 June 1938, and the treaty became effective on the same day. It was registered in the League of Nations Treaty Series on 19 July 1938.
In Iraq, the left-leaning Bakr Sidqi military government of 1936–1937 was less Arab nationalist than other Iraqi governments. Sidqi was a Kurd and his prime minister, Hikmat Sulayman, was a Turkmen. They were therefore interested in diplomacy with Iraq's eastern, non-Arab neighbours. Turkey sought friendly relations with its neighbours and was still recovering from its defeat in World War I and the costly victory in the Turkish War of Independence.
In 1943, the treaty was automatically extended for a further five years because none of the signatories had renounced it. After the end of the extended treaty term, the pact officially ended.
Text retrieved 2026-09-26 from Wikipedia.
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The link is the Wikipedia revision of October 11, 2026 (revision 1379633509), whose lead is exactly the text shown here.
APA 7
Treaty of Saadabad. (2026, October 11). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Saadabad&oldid=1379633509
MLA 9
“Treaty of Saadabad.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 11 Oct. 2026, en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Saadabad&oldid=1379633509.
Chicago (note)
Wikipedia, “Treaty of Saadabad,” last modified October 11, 2026, 02:07 (UTC), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Saadabad&oldid=1379633509.
Chicago (shortened note)
Wikipedia, “Treaty of Saadabad.”
Chicago cites well-known reference works such as Wikipedia in notes only, not in the bibliography.
This event on Middle East, 1900–present: https://middleeast.events/event/treaty-of-saadabad
If you use the map’s borders: CShapes 2.0 - historical country borders. Schvitz, G., et al. (2022). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. https://icr.ethz.ch/data/cshapes/ (modified by middleeast.events); West Bank Areas A/B/C: UN OCHA / HDX "Oslo Agreement" Areas A/B/C (West Bank). Distributed under the legacy HumanitarianResponse.info terms: non-commercial use with credit to UN OCHA. https://data.humdata.org/dataset/state-of-palestine-other-0-0-0-0-0; some corrected border points: GeoNames - CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). https://www.geonames.org/
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Text from Wikipedia, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 by Wikipedia contributors, from the article Treaty of Saadabad.