Category: Political, from Wikidata’s class “coup d'état”
1980 Turkish coup d'état
Wikidata classes on our event-class list: coup d'état (all its classes: Wikidata item)
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The 1980 Turkish coup d'état (Turkish: 12 Eylül darbesi, lit. '12 September coup d'état'), headed by Chief of the General Staff General Kenan Evren, was the third coup d'état in the history of the Republic of Turkey, the previous having been the 1960 coup and the 1971 coup by memorandum.
During the Cold War era, Turkey saw political violence (1976–1980) between the far-left, the far-right (Grey Wolves), the Islamist militant groups, and the state. The violence saw a sharp downturn for a period after the coup, which was welcomed by some for restoring order by quickly executing 50 people and arresting 500,000, of which hundreds would die in prison.
For the next three years the Turkish Armed Forces ruled the country through the National Security Council, before democracy was restored with the 1983 Turkish general election. This period saw an intensification of the Turkish nationalism of the state, including banning the Kurdish language. The 1983 elections was won by center-right/liberal Motherland Party led by Turgut Özal, who himself was half-Kurdish and led Turkey until his death in 1993. Turkey partially returned to democracy in 1983 and fully in 1989. The Kurdish language ban was lifted in 1991.
Text retrieved 2026-09-26 from Wikipedia.
Cite this
The link is the Wikipedia revision of September 22, 2026 (revision 1376148821), whose lead is exactly the text shown here.
APA 7
1980 Turkish coup d'état. (2026, September 22). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1980_Turkish_coup_d'%C3%A9tat&oldid=1376148821
MLA 9
“1980 Turkish coup d'état.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 22 Sept. 2026, en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1980_Turkish_coup_d'%C3%A9tat&oldid=1376148821.
Chicago (note)
Wikipedia, “1980 Turkish coup d'état,” last modified September 22, 2026, 10:27 (UTC), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1980_Turkish_coup_d'%C3%A9tat&oldid=1376148821.
Chicago (shortened note)
Wikipedia, “1980 Turkish coup d'état.”
Chicago cites well-known reference works such as Wikipedia in notes only, not in the bibliography.
This event on Middle East, 1900–present: https://middleeast.events/event/1980-turkish-coup-d-etat
If you use the map’s borders: CShapes 2.0 - historical country borders. Schvitz, G., et al. (2022). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. https://icr.ethz.ch/data/cshapes/ (modified by middleeast.events); West Bank Areas A/B/C: UN OCHA / HDX "Oslo Agreement" Areas A/B/C (West Bank). Distributed under the legacy HumanitarianResponse.info terms: non-commercial use with credit to UN OCHA. https://data.humdata.org/dataset/state-of-palestine-other-0-0-0-0-0; some corrected border points: GeoNames - CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). https://www.geonames.org/
No map location: Wikipedia and Wikidata give no coordinates for this event, so it has no marker on the map.
Text from Wikipedia, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 by Wikipedia contributors, from the article 1980 Turkish coup d'état. Classes are Wikidata’s labels (CC0).