Category: War, from Wikidata’s classes “military operation”, “battle”
Operation Kaman 99
Part of: Iran–Iraq War
Wikidata classes on our event-class list: military operation, battle (all its classes: Wikidata item)
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Operation Alborz (Persian: عملیات البرز), more commonly known by the code-name Operation Kaman 99 (عملیات کمان 99), was an operation launched by the Iranian Air Force in retaliation to Iraqi surprise aerial attacks on Iran the day before which marked the beginning of the 8-year-long Iran–Iraq War. Involving nearly 200 aircraft (of which more than 140 crossed into Iraq), it is considered the largest operation carried out by the IRIAF. The outcome was clearly successful, as the Iranians achieved air superiority for the first years of the conflict.
Launched only 3 hours after the formal beginning of the war, the main attack was formed by 140 to 148 Iranian fighter-bombers, plus 60 interceptors and tankers were involved in this operation, and at least 380 air force personnel were also involved, making this the most large-scale operation conducted by the Iranian Air Force.
Kirkuk, Al-Rasheed, Nasiriya, Habbaniyah (including Tammuz), Shaiba, Kut, and Umm Qasr airbases, as well as Baghdad International Airport and Al-Muthanna Airport were bombed during the operation.
Text retrieved 2026-09-26 from Wikipedia.
Cite this
The link is the Wikipedia revision of August 22, 2026 (revision 1370633652), whose lead is exactly the text shown here.
APA 7
Operation Kaman 99. (2026, August 22). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Kaman_99&oldid=1370633652
MLA 9
“Operation Kaman 99.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 22 Aug. 2026, en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Kaman_99&oldid=1370633652.
Chicago (note)
Wikipedia, “Operation Kaman 99,” last modified August 22, 2026, 05:25 (UTC), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Kaman_99&oldid=1370633652.
Chicago (shortened note)
Wikipedia, “Operation Kaman 99.”
Chicago cites well-known reference works such as Wikipedia in notes only, not in the bibliography.
This event on Middle East, 1900–present: https://middleeast.events/event/operation-kaman-99
If you use the map’s borders: CShapes 2.0 - historical country borders. Schvitz, G., et al. (2022). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. https://icr.ethz.ch/data/cshapes/ (modified by middleeast.events); West Bank Areas A/B/C: UN OCHA / HDX "Oslo Agreement" Areas A/B/C (West Bank). Distributed under the legacy HumanitarianResponse.info terms: non-commercial use with credit to UN OCHA. https://data.humdata.org/dataset/state-of-palestine-other-0-0-0-0-0; some corrected border points: GeoNames - CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). https://www.geonames.org/
No map location: Wikipedia and Wikidata give no coordinates for this event, so it has no marker on the map.
Text from Wikipedia, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 by Wikipedia contributors, from the article Operation Kaman 99. Classes are Wikidata’s labels (CC0). “Part of” is Wikidata’s statement, in its labels (CC0).